The development of breast cancer is closely related to the information transfer in its microenvironment.As a novel information communication tool,exosomes present non-coding RNAs that are involved in breast cancer cell proliferation,migration,invasion,tumour-associated fibroblasts ogenesis,cell cycle,degradation of oncogenes,etc.This paper reviews the relationship between exosomes and the tumour microenvironment and the role of their presenting non-coding RNAs on breast cancer as well as their clinical applications in order to provide new ideas for biological research and therapeutic strategies.

Objective:To understand the potential characteristics of decision-making preparation in outpatient hypertensive patients based on latent profile analysis, to identify the influencing factors of different categories of decision-making preparation levels, and to explore the performance of different decision-making preparation types in facilitation of patients involvement in treatment decision-making.Methods:Through a cross-sectional study, 350 hypertensive patients attending outpatient clinics in five different types of healthcare institutions (general hospitals, specialised hospitals and community hospitals) in Tianjin during January to May 2024 who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected by the convenience sampling method as study subjects. General Information Questionnaires, Preparation for Decision Making Scale, and Facilitation of Patient Involvement Scale were used for investigation.Results:Totally 350 valid questionnaires [178 males and 172 females aged 25-89(57.24 ± 13.39)years old] were collected. The decision-making preparation score of outpatient hypertensive patients was (64.19 ± 18.69). The latent profile analysis results showed that the decision-making preparation of outpatient hypertensive patients could be divided into three potential categories: decision-making information scarcity type accounted for 20.0%(70/350), decision-making balance negotiation type accounted for 39.7%(139/350), and decision-making preparation adequacy type accounted for 40.3%(141/350). The results of multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that age, medical insurance type, occupation, and children′s condition were the influencing factors for the potential categories of decision-making preparation in outpatient hypertensive patients (all P<0.05). Age [less than 35 years old: OR(95% CI)=0.127(0.020-0.796)], occupation [on the job: OR(95% CI)=2.010 (1.034-3.906)], were the influencing factors of decision-making balance negotiation group (all P<0.05). Medical insurance type [basic medical insurance for urban employees: OR(95% CI)=0.372(0.193-0.720)], occupation [on the job: OR(95% CI)=2.500(1.270-4.920)], children′s condition[junior and senior high school: OR(95% CI)=0.391(0.190-0.802)] were the influencing factors of decision-making preparation adequacy group (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The level of promoting patient participation among outpatients with hypertension is relatively high, and there are differences in the perceived degree of promoting patient participation among patients with different types of decision preparation.It is recommended that medical staff provide decision-making related information based on the characteristics of different decision-making preparation categories of patients, encourage patients to actively participate in decision-making, and construct targeted decision support plans.

The chemical constituents from Cephalotaxus lanceolata were isolated and purified by using multiple chromatographic techniques, including octadecylsilane(ODS), silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). A total of 17 compounds obtained were identified by using spectroscopic methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR), mass spectrometry(MS), and ultraviolet(UV) combined with literature data. Compound 1 was a new alkaloid dimer, named cephalancetine E. The known compounds were determined as cephalancetine A(2), 11-hydroxycephalotaxine(3), 4-hydroxycephalotaxine(4), cephalotaxine(5), epicephalotaxine(6), cephalotaxine β-N-oxide(7), acetylcephalotaxine(8), cephalotine A(9), cephalotine B(10), 11-hydroxycephalotaxine hemiketal(11), 3-deoxy-3,11-epoxy-cephalotaxine(12), cephalotaxinone(13), isocephalotaxinone(14), 2,11-epoxy-1,2-dihydro-8-oxo-cephalotaxine(15), cephalotaxamide(16), and drupacine(17), respectively. Compounds 11, 12, and 15 were isolated from the Cephalotaxus genus for the first time. The biological activity was tested for compounds 1-17. The results reveal that compound 17 displays potent inhibitory activities against three human cancer cell lines(HepG-2, MCF-7, and SH-SY5Y).
Cephalotaxus/chemistry* ; Humans ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Harringtonines/pharmacology* ; Molecular Structure ; Dimerization ; Alkaloids/isolation & purification* ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

This study identified 8 members including NjBIN2 of the GSK3 family in Nardostachys jatamansi by bioinformatics analysis. Moreover, the phylogenetic tree revealed that the GKS3 family members of N. jatamansi had a close relationship with those of Arabidopsis. RT-qPCR results showed that NjBIN2 presented a tissue-specific expression pattern with the highest expression in roots, suggesting that NjBIN2 played a role in root growth and development. In addition, the application of epibrassinolide or the brassinosteroid(BR) synthesis inhibitor(brassinazole) altered the expression pattern of NjBIN2 and influenced the photomorphogenesis(cotyledon opening) and root development of N. jatamansi, which provided direct evidence about the functions of NjBIN2. In conclusion, this study highlights the roles of BIN2 in regulating the growth and development of N. jatamansi by analyzing the expression pattern and biological function of NjBIN2. It not only enriches the understanding about the regulatory mechanism of the growth and development of N. jatamansi but also provides a theoretical basis and potential gene targets for molecular breeding of N. jatamansi with improved quality in the future.
Brassinosteroids/metabolism* ; Steroids, Heterocyclic/metabolism* ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects* ; Plant Proteins/metabolism* ; Phylogeny ; Nardostachys/metabolism* ; Plant Growth Regulators/pharmacology* ; Plant Roots/drug effects*

Objective:To explore the value of 18F-FDG PET brain glucose metabolism imaging in the subtype differential diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of autoimmune encephalitis (AE). Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on PET/CT brain glucose metabolism imaging data from 58 patients with AE (from August 2020 to June 2023, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University; 31 males, 27 females; age (47.4±16.9) years). Patients were divided into 4 groups: anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1(LGI1) antibody-related encephalitis group, anti- N-methyl- D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis group, anti-γ-amino butyric acid type B receptor (GABA BR) antibody-related encephalitis group, and other types of AE group. In addition, 20 cases were included in control group (6 males and 14 females, age (58.8±7.5) years). Visual assessment was performed to evaluate changes in brain glucose metabolism among patients with different subtypes of AE, and abnormal glucose metabolism brain regions were compared by independent-sample t test between different groups. Spearman rank correlation analysis was conducted between SUV ratio (SUVR) of abnormal brain regions and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores at six months later. Results:Among 58 patients, 21 were diagnosed with anti-LGI1 antibody-related encephalitis, 18 were diagnosed with anti-NMDAR encephalitis, 7 were diagnosed with anti-GABA BR antibody-related encephalitis, and 12 were diagnosed with other subtypes of AE. Compared with anti-NMDAR encephalitis group: patients with anti-LGI1 antibody-related encephalitis showed increased glucose metabolism in the right occipital lobe and bilateral hippocampi, and decreased glucose metabolism in the right frontal lobe, right precentral gyrus, and bilateral superior marginal gyrus ( t values: from -5.13 to 4.89, all P<0.001); patients with anti-GABA BR antibody-related encephalitis exhibited increased glucose metabolism in the bilateral hippocampi and right fusiform gyrus, and decreased glucose metabolism in the left middle frontal gyrus ( t values: from -3.82 to 3.91, all P<0.001). Anti-NMDAR encephalitis was characterized by decreased metabolism in the bilateral parietal lobes, occipital lobes, local frontal-temporal lobes, and bilateral thalami, as well as increased metabolism in the limbic lobe and local frontal-temporal-parietal lobes ( t values: from -8.30 to 7.30, all P<0.001), and the SUVR of the right occipital lobe was negatively correlated with mRS score at six months later ( rs=-0.64, P=0.014). Other subtypes of AE showed decreased glucose metabolism in different cerebral lobes. Conclusion:18F-FDG PET/CT can evaluate brain glucose metabolism in different subtypes of AE diseases and prognosis.

Objective:To explore the value of 18F-FDG PET brain glucose metabolism imaging in the subtype differential diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of autoimmune encephalitis (AE). Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on PET/CT brain glucose metabolism imaging data from 58 patients with AE (from August 2020 to June 2023, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University; 31 males, 27 females; age (47.4±16.9) years). Patients were divided into 4 groups: anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1(LGI1) antibody-related encephalitis group, anti- N-methyl- D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis group, anti-γ-amino butyric acid type B receptor (GABA BR) antibody-related encephalitis group, and other types of AE group. In addition, 20 cases were included in control group (6 males and 14 females, age (58.8±7.5) years). Visual assessment was performed to evaluate changes in brain glucose metabolism among patients with different subtypes of AE, and abnormal glucose metabolism brain regions were compared by independent-sample t test between different groups. Spearman rank correlation analysis was conducted between SUV ratio (SUVR) of abnormal brain regions and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores at six months later. Results:Among 58 patients, 21 were diagnosed with anti-LGI1 antibody-related encephalitis, 18 were diagnosed with anti-NMDAR encephalitis, 7 were diagnosed with anti-GABA BR antibody-related encephalitis, and 12 were diagnosed with other subtypes of AE. Compared with anti-NMDAR encephalitis group: patients with anti-LGI1 antibody-related encephalitis showed increased glucose metabolism in the right occipital lobe and bilateral hippocampi, and decreased glucose metabolism in the right frontal lobe, right precentral gyrus, and bilateral superior marginal gyrus ( t values: from -5.13 to 4.89, all P<0.001); patients with anti-GABA BR antibody-related encephalitis exhibited increased glucose metabolism in the bilateral hippocampi and right fusiform gyrus, and decreased glucose metabolism in the left middle frontal gyrus ( t values: from -3.82 to 3.91, all P<0.001). Anti-NMDAR encephalitis was characterized by decreased metabolism in the bilateral parietal lobes, occipital lobes, local frontal-temporal lobes, and bilateral thalami, as well as increased metabolism in the limbic lobe and local frontal-temporal-parietal lobes ( t values: from -8.30 to 7.30, all P<0.001), and the SUVR of the right occipital lobe was negatively correlated with mRS score at six months later ( rs=-0.64, P=0.014). Other subtypes of AE showed decreased glucose metabolism in different cerebral lobes. Conclusion:18F-FDG PET/CT can evaluate brain glucose metabolism in different subtypes of AE diseases and prognosis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate platelet count trajectories after induction therapy with venetoclax combined with azacitidine (VA regimen) in newly diagnosed AML patients and further analyze its clinical significance. METHODS: Clinical date of 50 newly diagnosed AML patients who received VA treatment from March 2020 to July 2023 in Department of Hematology of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University were retrospectively collected. The platelet trajectories after induction chemotherapy were constructed by using group-based trajectory modeling. To study the association between diverse trajectories of platelet counts and compound complete remission (cCR) rate, overall response rate (ORR), minimal residual disease (MRD) negative rate and overall survival (OS) rate. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to evaluate the relationship between platelet trajectory and OS. The logistic regression was used to analyze the influence of individual characteristics on platelet trajectory. RESULTS: Two platelet trajectories were identified based on the model, including platelet slowly increased group (n=31, 62.0%) and platelet rapidly increased group (n=19, 38.0%). There were statistically significant differences in cCR rate, ORR and OS rate between platelet slowly increased group and platelet rapidly increased group (all P < 0.05). The Cox regression analysis showed that platelet rapidly increased group was associated with a decreased risk of mortality compared with platelet slowly increased group (HR=0.153, 95%CI : 0.045-0.527, P =0.003). Logistic regression analysis showed that IDH1/2 mutation (OR =3.908, 95%CI : 1.023-14.923, P =0.046) and platelet transfusion (OR =0.771, 95%CI : 0.620-0.959, P =0.020) were independent influencing factors of platelet trajectory. CONCLUSION The dynamic trajectory of platelet counts in newly diagnosed AML patients who received VA treatment can serve as a significant indicator to observe the efficacy and prognosis. The platelet rapidly increased is an independent protective factor for good prognosis. TheIDH1 /2 mutation and platelet transfusion are independent influencing factors of platelet trajectory.
Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/blood* ; Sulfonamides/administration & dosage* ; Azacitidine/therapeutic use* ; Platelet Count ; Retrospective Studies ; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/administration & dosage* ; Male ; Female ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use* ; Induction Chemotherapy ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlation between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ARID5B gene and the risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and minimal residual disease (MRD) in children of Hui and Han nationality in Ningxia. METHODS: In this case-control study, 54 ALL children and control group with matched age, sex and nationality were detected for the polymorphism of ARID5B gene using fluorescence resonance energy transfer technique, and the susceptibility of different ALL genotypes and their correlation with MRD were analyzed. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in genotype and allele frequency of rs10994982, rs7089424, rs10740055, rs7073837, rs4245595 and rs7090445 between the two groups (P >0.05). At the locus of rs10821936, the frequencies of T/T genotype and T allele in ALL group were significantly higher than those in the control group (both P < 0.05). The C/C genotype of ARID5B gene SNP rs10821936 was a risk factor for early MRD positive in ALL children ( P < 0.05). CONCLUSION ARID5B gene SNP rs10821936 is related to the development of childhood ALL and MRD.
Humans ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics* ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Case-Control Studies ; Neoplasm, Residual/genetics* ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics* ; Transcription Factors/genetics* ; Genotype ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Gene Frequency ; Child ; Male ; Female ; Alleles ; Risk Factors ; Child, Preschool

Objective:To understand the evolution and variation characteristics of the H1N1 influenza virus in Wuxi City from 2018 to 2023.Methods:Real time PCR was used to perform nucleic acid testing on throat swab samples of influenza like cases sent to sentinel hospitals for testing. The influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 positive samples were subjected to cell culture, and nucleic acid was extracted from strains with a red blood cell agglutination test (HA) ≥1∶8. The whole genome sequence was amplified, and a library was constructed. The MiSeq sequencer was used for sequencing on the machine. Using NC_026431.1 as a reference strain, we analyzed the offline data using CLC Genomics Workbench (Version 23) software. MEGA 7.0 software was used to construct a phylogenetic tree, and NetNGlyc 1.0 Server software was used to predict N-glycosylation sites.Results:The nucleotide and amino acid homology between 38 strains of A (H1N1) pdm09 influenza virus from 2018 to 2023 were 96.06%-100% and 96.12%-100%, respectively. From February to May 2023, all 12 strains of A (H1N1) pdm09 had two amino acid mutation sites occurring in the HA antigenic determinant cluster, namely the Ca region (A203T) and the Cb region (K71Q). No mutations were found in the HA receptor binding site and NA resistance site. The strains from January to June 2018 belong to the 6B. 1A evolutionary branch, the strains from December 2018 to January 2020 belong to three evolutionary branches: 6B. 1A. 1, 6B. 1A. 5a, and 6B. 1A. 7, and the strains from February to May 2023 belong to the 6B. 1A. 5a. 2a evolutionary branch. 38 strains of A (H1N1) pdm09 HA gene all have 7 potential N-glycosylation sites, while NA gene has 7-8 potential N-glycosylation sites.Conclusions:There are characteristic amino acid mutation sites of H1N1 influenza A in Wuxi City from 2018 to 2023. The emergence of these mutation sites may affect the virus′s transmission and antigenic changes.