This study was aimed at providing basic data for the control and prevention of Yersinia enterocolitica(Ye)infections.Ye isolates from stool samples collected from patients with diarrhea in a Beijing district between January 2019 and June 2024 were studied.Basic patient information and stool samples were collected,and quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)was applied to enriched cultures.Further analyses included virulence gene detection,whole-genome sequencing,and drug resistance detection.The detection rate of Ye was 0.76%(11/1 439),according to culture methods,thus yielding 12 Ye strains from distinct patients:11 isolated during the study period and 1 from 2017.The 12 Ye positive patients were 6-41 years of age,and their clinical presentations predominantly featured watery stools(66.67%,8/12)and loose stools(33.33%,4/12).The frequencies of nausea,vomiting,and fever were 41.67%(5/12),41.67%(5/12),and 8.33%(1/12),respectively.The drug resistance rates of Ye to TET,AMP,and NAL were 50.00%(6/12),33.33%(4/12),and 25.00%(3/12),respectively.One Ye strain exhibited multidrug resistance to ETP,MEM,TET,CIP,NAL,and AMP.According to qPCR detection of five common virulence genes,two Ye strains were identified as ystA+/ystB-type(ystA+/ystB-/ail+/yadA+/virF+),whereas ten strains were identified as ystA-/ystB+type(ystA-/ystB+/ail-/yadA-/virF-).VFDB database analysis based on genome sequences indicated that 12 Ye strains carried an average of 11 key virulence genes associated with adhesion,invasion,protease activity,and flagellar movement,and predicted 106 virulence genes and 12 virulence gene profiles.Only the two ystA+/ystB-Ye strains contained elements related to the TTSS and ABC transporter function.Detection of ystA-/ystB+Ye in stool isolation and culture of diarrhea cases might potentially have been missed in some cases,thus highlighting the importance of fluorescence PCR screening of fecal growth solutions to enhance isolation efficiency.Moreover,our findings revealed the genetic diversity of Ye isolated from diarrhea cases,thereby indicating the presence of multiple types of virulence genes within this pathogen.

This study was aimed at providing basic data for the control and prevention of Yersinia enterocolitica(Ye)infections.Ye isolates from stool samples collected from patients with diarrhea in a Beijing district between January 2019 and June 2024 were studied.Basic patient information and stool samples were collected,and quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)was applied to enriched cultures.Further analyses included virulence gene detection,whole-genome sequencing,and drug resistance detection.The detection rate of Ye was 0.76%(11/1 439),according to culture methods,thus yielding 12 Ye strains from distinct patients:11 isolated during the study period and 1 from 2017.The 12 Ye positive patients were 6-41 years of age,and their clinical presentations predominantly featured watery stools(66.67%,8/12)and loose stools(33.33%,4/12).The frequencies of nausea,vomiting,and fever were 41.67%(5/12),41.67%(5/12),and 8.33%(1/12),respectively.The drug resistance rates of Ye to TET,AMP,and NAL were 50.00%(6/12),33.33%(4/12),and 25.00%(3/12),respectively.One Ye strain exhibited multidrug resistance to ETP,MEM,TET,CIP,NAL,and AMP.According to qPCR detection of five common virulence genes,two Ye strains were identified as ystA+/ystB-type(ystA+/ystB-/ail+/yadA+/virF+),whereas ten strains were identified as ystA-/ystB+type(ystA-/ystB+/ail-/yadA-/virF-).VFDB database analysis based on genome sequences indicated that 12 Ye strains carried an average of 11 key virulence genes associated with adhesion,invasion,protease activity,and flagellar movement,and predicted 106 virulence genes and 12 virulence gene profiles.Only the two ystA+/ystB-Ye strains contained elements related to the TTSS and ABC transporter function.Detection of ystA-/ystB+Ye in stool isolation and culture of diarrhea cases might potentially have been missed in some cases,thus highlighting the importance of fluorescence PCR screening of fecal growth solutions to enhance isolation efficiency.Moreover,our findings revealed the genetic diversity of Ye isolated from diarrhea cases,thereby indicating the presence of multiple types of virulence genes within this pathogen.

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

Objective To evaluate the clinical safety and efficacy of NOVA stent implantation in the treatment of symptomatic middle cerebral artery(MCA)atherosclerotic stenosis.Methods The clinical data,including surgical results,perioperative complications,imaging manifestations and follow-up findings,of 21 patients with severe MCA atherosclerotic stenosis,who received NOVA stent implantation at the Affiliated Tongji Hospital of Tongji University of China from November 2021 to February 2023,were retrospectively analyzed.Results Successful NOVA stent implantation was accomplished in all the 21 patients.The residual stenosis was less than 30％,with no bleeding complications.After stent implantation,the median stenosis ratio of responsible vessels decreased from preoperative 85.04％to postoperative 5.95％,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.01).During the follow-up period of 10-14 months,one patient(4.76％)developed in-stent restenosis,one patient developed transient ischemic attack(TIA),and one patient developed posterior circulation cerebral infarction.No cerebral hemorrhage or death occurred.After treatment,the clinical symptoms were stable in 16 patients(76.19％),improved in 4 patients(19.04％),and worsened in one patient(4.76％).Conclusion For the treatment of patients with symptomatic MCA atherosclerotic stenosis,NOVA stent implantation is clinically safe and effective.However,multicenter randomized controlled studies with larger sample size and longer follow-up period need to be conducted before its curative efficacy can be further validated.

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

Trichinosis is a global food-borne zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Trichinella spiralis(T.spiralis),which causes serious harm to animal production,and the public health safety of humans and animals.T.spiralis has a complex devel-opment history,and its entire life cycle is completed in the same host.To coexist with the host,it has evolved various immune escape mechanisms for avoiding immune clearance by the host,thus establishing long-term chronic infection.In this study,to aid in understanding the pathogenic mechanism of T.spiralis,the immune escape mechanism of Trichinella is discussed from three aspects:the molecular role of antigens in various stages,the immune regulatory effect on the host,and the formation of cysts to generate immune isolation.

Objective To establish a high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS/MS)method for the simultaneous determination of isoniazid and acetylisoniazid in human serum,and to detect the concentration of isoniazid in the blood of tuberculosis patients.Methods The serum samples were achieved on an Agilent RRHD SB-Aq(50.0 mm ×3.0 mm,1.8 μm),whose column temperature was 40 ℃.The mobile phase consisted of purified water and methanol with a gradient program at a flow rate of 0.25 mL·min-1.Both isoniazid and acetyl-isoniazid mass spectrometry detection methods were electrospray positive ion mode,multiple reaction monitoring.The specificity,lower limit of quantitation,standard curve,precision and recovery,matrix effect,stability and residual effect of the method were investigated.Results The retention times of isoniazid and acetylisoniazid were 1.37 and 1.24 min,respectively.Isoniazid showed a good linear relationship in the range of 0.2-20.0 μg·mL-1.The regression equation of isoniazid was y=0.29x+3.05 × 10-3(r2=0.999 6),and the lower limit of quantitation was 200 ng·mL-1.The regression equation of acetyl isoniazid was y=0.29x-3.21 × 10-3(r2=0.999 7),and the lower limit of quantitation was 200 ng·mL-1.The relative standard deviation(RSD)of intra-lot and inter-lot precision was less than 4.00％.The recovery rates were 100.34％-106.22％.Internal standard normalized matrix effect factor(MF)≤ 3.79％.The samples have good freeze-thaw cycle stability and long-term stability.The method has been successfully used to analyze serum samples of 72 patients with tuberculosis in our hospital.Conclusion This method is simple,rapid and accurate,and is suitable for simultaneous determination of isoniazid and acetylisoniazid in the blood of tuberculosis patients.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic relapsing intestinal inflammation and encompasses ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). IBD has emerged as a global healthcare problem. Clinically efficacious therapeutic agents are deficient. This study concentrates on models of ulcerative colitis with the objective of discovering novel therapeutic strategies. Previous investigations have established that schisandrin A demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects in vitro, concurrently enhancing the transcriptional activity of farnesoid X receptor (FXR). FXR inversely modulates the transcriptional activity of NF-κB, which has an important role in regulating inflammatory responses. Consequently, the current study was to explore the safeguarding influence of schisandrin A on ulcerative colitis and delineate the mechanism by which it regulates this effect through the FXR signaling pathway. The effect of schisandrin A on the mRNA levels of inflammatory factors was evaluated in RAW264.7 cells. The dual luciferase reporter gene assay was used to verify the relationship between schisandrin A and FXR targeting. The animal experiments were performed in accordance with the regulations of the Animal Ethics Committee of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (approval No. PZSHUTCM2304250005). Acute ulcerative colitis was induced in wild-type or FXR knockout C57BL/6 mice by drinking 3% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) for 7 days, and schisandrin A was administered via gavage for a continuous treatment period of 7 days. The body weight and faecal were monitored daily. The mRNA levels of inflammatory factors in colon tissue and FXR target genes were measured by RT-qPCR. The findings revealed that schisandrin A, in vitro, impeded the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced elevation in mRNA levels of inflammatory factors and schisandrin A could augment transcriptional activity of FXR. In wild-type mice, schisandrin A significantly improved weight loss, colon shortening, loose stools and blood in stools in mice with acute ulcerative colitis, and schisandrin A significantly reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory factors genes and significantly increased the expression of FXR target genes in colon tissues. In FXR knockout mice, the administration of schisandrin A failed to yield ameliorative effect on acute ulcerative colitis in mice. In conclusion, schisandrin A can reduce intestinal inflammation through the FXR signaling pathway to alleviate acute ulcerative colitis in mice. Implications arise that Schisandra lignans could serve as lead compounds for drug development aimed at inflammatory bowel disease.

Objective Studies on the relationship between iodine,vitamin A(VA),and vitamin D(VD)and thyroid function are limited.This study aimed to analyze iodine and thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH)status and their possible relationships with VA,VD,and other factors in postpartum women. Methods A total of 1,311 mothers(896 lactating and 415 non-lactating)from Hebei,Zhejiang,and Guangxi provinces were included in this study.The urinary iodine concentration(UIC),TSH,VA,and VD were measured. Results The median UIC of total and lactating participants were 142.00 μg/L and 139.95 μg/L,respectively.The median TSH,VA,and VD levels in all the participants were 1.89 mIU/L,0.44 μg/mL,and 24.04 ng/mL,respectively.No differences in the UIC were found between lactating and non-lactating mothers.UIC and TSH levels were significantly different among the three provinces.The rural UIC was higher than the urban UIC.Obese mothers had a higher UIC and a higher prevalence of excessive TSH.Higher UICs and TSHs levels were observed in both the VD deficiency and insufficiency groups than in the VD-sufficient group.After adjustment,no linear correlation was observed between UIC and VA/VD.No interaction was found between vitamins A/D and UIC on TSH levels. Conclusion The mothers in the present study had no iodine deficiency.Region,area type,BMI,and VD may be related to the iodine status or TSH levels.

Objective: To explore the mechanism by which icariin alleviates viral myocarditis. Methods: CVB3-induced cardiomyocytes were used as an in vitro model of viral myocarditis to assess the effects of icariin treatment on cell viability, inflammation, and apoptosis. Moreover, the effects of icariin on ferroptosis and TLR4 signaling were assessed. After AC16 cells were transfected with TLR4 overexpression plasmids, the role of TLR4 in mediating the regulatory effect of icariin in viral myocarditis was investigated. Results: Icariin significantly elevated cell viability and reduced inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-18. Flow cytometry revealed that icariin decreased apoptosis rate, and the protein expression of Bax and cleaved caspase 3 and 9 in CVB3-induced cardiomyocytes. Additionally, it suppressed ferroptosis including lipid peroxidation and ferrous ion, as well as the TLR4 signaling. However, TLR4 overexpression abrogated the modulatory effects of icariin. Conclusions: Icariin mitigates CVB3-induced myocardial injury by inhibiting TLR4-mediated ferroptosis. Further animal study is needed to verify its efficacy.