Objective To study the current status of the randomized controlled trial(RCT)outcome indicators of acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome(CFS);To provide guidance and references for clinical research and protocol design.Methods RCT of acupuncture and moxibustion for CFS were retrieved from CNKI,Wanfang Data,VIP,SinoMed,PubMed,Embase,Web of Science databases from January 1,2015 to December 9,2024.Through literature screening and data extraction,Excel 2019 was used to make a descriptive analysis of the basic characteristics,diagnostic criteria,intervention measures,classification of outcome indicators,use frequency and evaluation time points of the included studies.Origin2021 software was used to draw bubble charts for visual display.Results Totally 119 RCT were included,involving 8 445 subjects,5 diagnostic criteria of Western medicine,5 diagnostic criteria of TCM,and 6 outcome indicators,namely clinical symptoms/signs,symptoms/syndrome of TCM,physical and chemical examination,quality of life,safety evaluation,and patient satisfaction.A total of 58 outcome indicators were reported,with a cumulative frequency of 430 times.Conclusion The RCT of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment of CFS have some problems,such as incomplete baseline assessment,lack of sample size calculation basis,high risk of bias,ignorance of primary and secondary indicators in the selection of outcome indicators,numerous indicators selection and measurement points,lack of long-term follow-up,inconsistent evaluation criteria for TCM syndrome efficacy,and insufficient attention to health economics evaluation and safety outcome indicators.

Objective To analyze the impact of the National Centralized Drug Procurement Policy(hereinafter referred to as the"centralized procurement policy")on the utilization of breast cancer treatment drugs in a specialized cancer hospital.Methods The defined daily dose(DDD)method was used to compare the daily drug cost(DDC),drug utilization frequency(DDDs),and affordability of letrozole,anastrozole,and capecitabine before and after the implementation of the centralized pro-curement policy in a tertiary specialized cancer hospital in Guangzhou.Results and Conclusion After the policy implementa-tion,the DDC of all three drugs decreased.The out-of-pocket DDC for the selected drugs remained stable or decreased,while the out-of-pocket DDC for both originator drugs and generic drugs increased,with a more pronounced increase for originator drugs.The proportion of DDDs for the selected drugs increased post-policy.The centralized procurement policy not only reduced the prices of selected drugs but also drove down the prices of generic and originator drugs.It is recommended to further expand the scope of centralized procurement for anticancer drugs and the types of cancers covered,as well as to establish a transitional mech-anism for medical insurance payment standards.

Objective To analyze the impact of the National Centralized Drug Procurement Policy(hereinafter referred to as the"centralized procurement policy")on the utilization of breast cancer treatment drugs in a specialized cancer hospital.Methods The defined daily dose(DDD)method was used to compare the daily drug cost(DDC),drug utilization frequency(DDDs),and affordability of letrozole,anastrozole,and capecitabine before and after the implementation of the centralized pro-curement policy in a tertiary specialized cancer hospital in Guangzhou.Results and Conclusion After the policy implementa-tion,the DDC of all three drugs decreased.The out-of-pocket DDC for the selected drugs remained stable or decreased,while the out-of-pocket DDC for both originator drugs and generic drugs increased,with a more pronounced increase for originator drugs.The proportion of DDDs for the selected drugs increased post-policy.The centralized procurement policy not only reduced the prices of selected drugs but also drove down the prices of generic and originator drugs.It is recommended to further expand the scope of centralized procurement for anticancer drugs and the types of cancers covered,as well as to establish a transitional mech-anism for medical insurance payment standards.

Objective To study the current status of the randomized controlled trial(RCT)outcome indicators of acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome(CFS);To provide guidance and references for clinical research and protocol design.Methods RCT of acupuncture and moxibustion for CFS were retrieved from CNKI,Wanfang Data,VIP,SinoMed,PubMed,Embase,Web of Science databases from January 1,2015 to December 9,2024.Through literature screening and data extraction,Excel 2019 was used to make a descriptive analysis of the basic characteristics,diagnostic criteria,intervention measures,classification of outcome indicators,use frequency and evaluation time points of the included studies.Origin2021 software was used to draw bubble charts for visual display.Results Totally 119 RCT were included,involving 8 445 subjects,5 diagnostic criteria of Western medicine,5 diagnostic criteria of TCM,and 6 outcome indicators,namely clinical symptoms/signs,symptoms/syndrome of TCM,physical and chemical examination,quality of life,safety evaluation,and patient satisfaction.A total of 58 outcome indicators were reported,with a cumulative frequency of 430 times.Conclusion The RCT of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment of CFS have some problems,such as incomplete baseline assessment,lack of sample size calculation basis,high risk of bias,ignorance of primary and secondary indicators in the selection of outcome indicators,numerous indicators selection and measurement points,lack of long-term follow-up,inconsistent evaluation criteria for TCM syndrome efficacy,and insufficient attention to health economics evaluation and safety outcome indicators.

BACKGROUND:Poisoned patients often suffer damage to multiple systems,and those experiencing central nervous system disorders present more severe conditions,prolonged hospital stays,and increased mortality rates.We aimed to assess the efficacy of rehabilitation interventions for patients with toxic encephalopathy. METHODS:This retrospective,observational,comparative cohort study was performed at the teaching hospital affiliated of Nanjing Medical University,from October 2020 to December 2022.Patients who met the diagnostic criteria for toxic encephalopathy and exclusion criteria were included,and patients were divided into three subgroups according to Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS).Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected.The effect of the rehabilitation intervention on patients were assessed in the improvement of consciousness status(Glasgow Coma Scale[GCS]score),muscle strength and movement and swallowing function(Fugl-Meyer Assessment[FMA]scale,Water Swallow Test[WST],and Standardized Swallowing Assessment[SSA]).Subgroup analysis was based on different toxic species. RESULTS:Out of the 464 patients with toxic encephalopathy,184 cases received rehabilitation treatments.For the severe toxic encephalopathy patients,patients without rehabilitation intervention have a 2.21 times higher risk of death compared to patients with rehabilitation intervention(Hazard ratio[HR]=2.21).Subgroup analysis revealed that rehabilitation intervention significantly increased the survival rate of patients with pesticide poisoning(P=0.02),while no significant improvement was observed in patients with drug/biological agent poisoning(P=0.44).After rehabilitation intervention,significant improvement in GCS and FMA were observed in severe patients with toxic encephalopathy(P<0.01). CONCLUSION:Active rehabilitation intervention for patients exposed to poisons that can potentially cause toxic encephalopathy may improve the prognosis and reduce the mortality rate in clinical practice.

BACKGROUND:Poisoned patients often suffer damage to multiple systems,and those experiencing central nervous system disorders present more severe conditions,prolonged hospital stays,and increased mortality rates.We aimed to assess the efficacy of rehabilitation interventions for patients with toxic encephalopathy. METHODS:This retrospective,observational,comparative cohort study was performed at the teaching hospital affiliated of Nanjing Medical University,from October 2020 to December 2022.Patients who met the diagnostic criteria for toxic encephalopathy and exclusion criteria were included,and patients were divided into three subgroups according to Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS).Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected.The effect of the rehabilitation intervention on patients were assessed in the improvement of consciousness status(Glasgow Coma Scale[GCS]score),muscle strength and movement and swallowing function(Fugl-Meyer Assessment[FMA]scale,Water Swallow Test[WST],and Standardized Swallowing Assessment[SSA]).Subgroup analysis was based on different toxic species. RESULTS:Out of the 464 patients with toxic encephalopathy,184 cases received rehabilitation treatments.For the severe toxic encephalopathy patients,patients without rehabilitation intervention have a 2.21 times higher risk of death compared to patients with rehabilitation intervention(Hazard ratio[HR]=2.21).Subgroup analysis revealed that rehabilitation intervention significantly increased the survival rate of patients with pesticide poisoning(P=0.02),while no significant improvement was observed in patients with drug/biological agent poisoning(P=0.44).After rehabilitation intervention,significant improvement in GCS and FMA were observed in severe patients with toxic encephalopathy(P<0.01). CONCLUSION:Active rehabilitation intervention for patients exposed to poisons that can potentially cause toxic encephalopathy may improve the prognosis and reduce the mortality rate in clinical practice.

BACKGROUND:Poisoned patients often suffer damage to multiple systems,and those experiencing central nervous system disorders present more severe conditions,prolonged hospital stays,and increased mortality rates.We aimed to assess the efficacy of rehabilitation interventions for patients with toxic encephalopathy. METHODS:This retrospective,observational,comparative cohort study was performed at the teaching hospital affiliated of Nanjing Medical University,from October 2020 to December 2022.Patients who met the diagnostic criteria for toxic encephalopathy and exclusion criteria were included,and patients were divided into three subgroups according to Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS).Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected.The effect of the rehabilitation intervention on patients were assessed in the improvement of consciousness status(Glasgow Coma Scale[GCS]score),muscle strength and movement and swallowing function(Fugl-Meyer Assessment[FMA]scale,Water Swallow Test[WST],and Standardized Swallowing Assessment[SSA]).Subgroup analysis was based on different toxic species. RESULTS:Out of the 464 patients with toxic encephalopathy,184 cases received rehabilitation treatments.For the severe toxic encephalopathy patients,patients without rehabilitation intervention have a 2.21 times higher risk of death compared to patients with rehabilitation intervention(Hazard ratio[HR]=2.21).Subgroup analysis revealed that rehabilitation intervention significantly increased the survival rate of patients with pesticide poisoning(P=0.02),while no significant improvement was observed in patients with drug/biological agent poisoning(P=0.44).After rehabilitation intervention,significant improvement in GCS and FMA were observed in severe patients with toxic encephalopathy(P<0.01). CONCLUSION:Active rehabilitation intervention for patients exposed to poisons that can potentially cause toxic encephalopathy may improve the prognosis and reduce the mortality rate in clinical practice.

BACKGROUND:Poisoned patients often suffer damage to multiple systems,and those experiencing central nervous system disorders present more severe conditions,prolonged hospital stays,and increased mortality rates.We aimed to assess the efficacy of rehabilitation interventions for patients with toxic encephalopathy. METHODS:This retrospective,observational,comparative cohort study was performed at the teaching hospital affiliated of Nanjing Medical University,from October 2020 to December 2022.Patients who met the diagnostic criteria for toxic encephalopathy and exclusion criteria were included,and patients were divided into three subgroups according to Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS).Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected.The effect of the rehabilitation intervention on patients were assessed in the improvement of consciousness status(Glasgow Coma Scale[GCS]score),muscle strength and movement and swallowing function(Fugl-Meyer Assessment[FMA]scale,Water Swallow Test[WST],and Standardized Swallowing Assessment[SSA]).Subgroup analysis was based on different toxic species. RESULTS:Out of the 464 patients with toxic encephalopathy,184 cases received rehabilitation treatments.For the severe toxic encephalopathy patients,patients without rehabilitation intervention have a 2.21 times higher risk of death compared to patients with rehabilitation intervention(Hazard ratio[HR]=2.21).Subgroup analysis revealed that rehabilitation intervention significantly increased the survival rate of patients with pesticide poisoning(P=0.02),while no significant improvement was observed in patients with drug/biological agent poisoning(P=0.44).After rehabilitation intervention,significant improvement in GCS and FMA were observed in severe patients with toxic encephalopathy(P<0.01). CONCLUSION:Active rehabilitation intervention for patients exposed to poisons that can potentially cause toxic encephalopathy may improve the prognosis and reduce the mortality rate in clinical practice.

BACKGROUND:Poisoned patients often suffer damage to multiple systems,and those experiencing central nervous system disorders present more severe conditions,prolonged hospital stays,and increased mortality rates.We aimed to assess the efficacy of rehabilitation interventions for patients with toxic encephalopathy. METHODS:This retrospective,observational,comparative cohort study was performed at the teaching hospital affiliated of Nanjing Medical University,from October 2020 to December 2022.Patients who met the diagnostic criteria for toxic encephalopathy and exclusion criteria were included,and patients were divided into three subgroups according to Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS).Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected.The effect of the rehabilitation intervention on patients were assessed in the improvement of consciousness status(Glasgow Coma Scale[GCS]score),muscle strength and movement and swallowing function(Fugl-Meyer Assessment[FMA]scale,Water Swallow Test[WST],and Standardized Swallowing Assessment[SSA]).Subgroup analysis was based on different toxic species. RESULTS:Out of the 464 patients with toxic encephalopathy,184 cases received rehabilitation treatments.For the severe toxic encephalopathy patients,patients without rehabilitation intervention have a 2.21 times higher risk of death compared to patients with rehabilitation intervention(Hazard ratio[HR]=2.21).Subgroup analysis revealed that rehabilitation intervention significantly increased the survival rate of patients with pesticide poisoning(P=0.02),while no significant improvement was observed in patients with drug/biological agent poisoning(P=0.44).After rehabilitation intervention,significant improvement in GCS and FMA were observed in severe patients with toxic encephalopathy(P<0.01). CONCLUSION:Active rehabilitation intervention for patients exposed to poisons that can potentially cause toxic encephalopathy may improve the prognosis and reduce the mortality rate in clinical practice.

BACKGROUND:Poisoned patients often suffer damage to multiple systems,and those experiencing central nervous system disorders present more severe conditions,prolonged hospital stays,and increased mortality rates.We aimed to assess the efficacy of rehabilitation interventions for patients with toxic encephalopathy. METHODS:This retrospective,observational,comparative cohort study was performed at the teaching hospital affiliated of Nanjing Medical University,from October 2020 to December 2022.Patients who met the diagnostic criteria for toxic encephalopathy and exclusion criteria were included,and patients were divided into three subgroups according to Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS).Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected.The effect of the rehabilitation intervention on patients were assessed in the improvement of consciousness status(Glasgow Coma Scale[GCS]score),muscle strength and movement and swallowing function(Fugl-Meyer Assessment[FMA]scale,Water Swallow Test[WST],and Standardized Swallowing Assessment[SSA]).Subgroup analysis was based on different toxic species. RESULTS:Out of the 464 patients with toxic encephalopathy,184 cases received rehabilitation treatments.For the severe toxic encephalopathy patients,patients without rehabilitation intervention have a 2.21 times higher risk of death compared to patients with rehabilitation intervention(Hazard ratio[HR]=2.21).Subgroup analysis revealed that rehabilitation intervention significantly increased the survival rate of patients with pesticide poisoning(P=0.02),while no significant improvement was observed in patients with drug/biological agent poisoning(P=0.44).After rehabilitation intervention,significant improvement in GCS and FMA were observed in severe patients with toxic encephalopathy(P<0.01). CONCLUSION:Active rehabilitation intervention for patients exposed to poisons that can potentially cause toxic encephalopathy may improve the prognosis and reduce the mortality rate in clinical practice.