Objective To analyze the clinical manifestations of patients over 60 years old with acute respiratory infection in Pudong New Area of Shanghai and the risk factors of positive detection of novel coronavirus, and to provide reference for improving prevention and control strategies and measures. Methods General conditions, clinical features, basic complications and respiratory samples of inpatients over 60 years old with acute respiratory infection from eight hospitals in Pudong New Area of Shanghai from January to October 2023 were collected, and SARS-CoV-2 detection was carried out. Chi-square test and binary logistics regression were used for data analysis. Results A total of 604 patients over 60 years old were collected, including 356 (58.945) males with a median age of 77 (IQR:70-85) years. Of the 604 cases, 264 were detected positive for SARS-CoV-2, with a positive detection rate of 43.71%. The results of univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in the detection rates of SARS-CoV-2 among different age groups (χ²=10.60, P=0.01) and different months (χ²=87.15, P=0.00), and among those with cough (χ²=5.28, P=0.02), sputum (χ²=4.19, P=0.04), sore throat (χ²=3.93, P=0.04), and hypertension (χ²=7.63, P=0.01). In the binary logistics regression analysis, month (P=0.00, OR=2.93, 95% CI=1.49-5.78) and age (P=0.00, OR=2.60, 95% CI=1.55-4.37) were independent risk factors for positive detection of SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion The majority of hospitalized cases of acute respiratory infection over 60 years old are male, and the risk factors for positive detection of novel coronavirus are age 80~89 years old and time between May and June.

ObjectiveTo explore the potential mechanism of Xiaoqinglongtang（XQL） in the prevention and treatment of high altitude pulmonary edema（HAPE） by network pharmacology， molecular docking， and molecular dynamics simulation， and to verify it by in vivo animal model. MethodsIn this study， the active ingredients， drug targets， and HAPE-related targets of XQL were collected from BATMAN-TCM， GeneCards， and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man（OMIM） databases. The protein-protein interaction（PPI） network was constructed by using intersection targets， and the core targets were screened and visualized by Cytoscape software. Functional annotation and pathway analysis of the intersection targets were performed by gene ontology （GO） and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes （KEGG） functional enrichment. AutoDock and GROMACS were used to evaluate the binding ability of active ingredients to key targets. In the experimental verification part， a mouse model of HAPE induced by hypobaric hypoxia（simulated 6 000 m altitude for 48 h） was established. The control effect was evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining， lung tissue water content， lung tissue wet/dry weight ratio， real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR） detection of gene expression levels， and immunohistochemistry and Western blot detection of key protein expression. ResultsA total of 355 active ingredients of XQL， 2 142 targets， 716 HAPE-related targets， and 236 intersection targets were obtained by network pharmacology analysis. Key core targets such as interleukin （IL）-6， tumor necrosis factor （TNF）， protein kinase B1 （Akt1）， and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α （HIF-1α） were screened. The results of GO analysis of common targets involved 738 biological processes（BP）， 72 cellular components（CC）， and 135 molecular functions（MF）. KEGG analysis effectively enriched two important signaling pathways： Phosphoinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/Akt and HIF-1α. The results of molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation showed that the screened active ingredients had good binding ability with key targets. In the HAPE model induced by hypobaric hypoxia（6 000 m， 48 h）， the lung tissue water content， lung tissue wet/dry weight ratio， and pathological injury score of the model group were significantly increased（P<0.01）， accompanied by exudation of a large number of red blood cells in the alveoli and alveolar interstitium， a significant increase in inflammatory cells， a significant widening of the alveolar septum， and mutual fusion between the alveoli. The XQL administration group significantly improved the above pathological changes（P<0.01）. The results of inflammatory factor expression showed that compared with the control group， the model group showed significantly up-regulated expression of TNF-α， IL-6， and IL-1β in the lung tissue（P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the XQL administration group had significantly decreased expression of inflammatory factors（P<0.05， P<0.01）. The mRNA expression of key pathway related genes PI3K， Akt1， mammalian target of rapamycin（mTOR）， and HIF-1α was significantly increased in the model group（P<0.01）， and decreased in a concentration-dependent manner after XQL administration（P<0.05， P<0.01）. The expression levels of key proteins PI3K， phosphorylation（p）-PI3K， Akt1， p-Akt1， mTOR， p-mTOR， and HIF-1α in lung tissue were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Compared with the blank group， the model group showed increased expression of key proteins（P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the XQL administration group exhibited decreased expression of key proteins（P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionXQL can reduce lung inflammation and improve HAPE. The mechanism may be related to the regulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and HIF-1α pathways. This study provides a new idea and a theoretical basis for the treatment of HAPE with XQL.

ObjectiveTo explore the potential mechanism of Xiaoqinglongtang（XQL） in the prevention and treatment of high altitude pulmonary edema（HAPE） by network pharmacology， molecular docking， and molecular dynamics simulation， and to verify it by in vivo animal model. MethodsIn this study， the active ingredients， drug targets， and HAPE-related targets of XQL were collected from BATMAN-TCM， GeneCards， and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man（OMIM） databases. The protein-protein interaction（PPI） network was constructed by using intersection targets， and the core targets were screened and visualized by Cytoscape software. Functional annotation and pathway analysis of the intersection targets were performed by gene ontology （GO） and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes （KEGG） functional enrichment. AutoDock and GROMACS were used to evaluate the binding ability of active ingredients to key targets. In the experimental verification part， a mouse model of HAPE induced by hypobaric hypoxia（simulated 6 000 m altitude for 48 h） was established. The control effect was evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining， lung tissue water content， lung tissue wet/dry weight ratio， real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR） detection of gene expression levels， and immunohistochemistry and Western blot detection of key protein expression. ResultsA total of 355 active ingredients of XQL， 2 142 targets， 716 HAPE-related targets， and 236 intersection targets were obtained by network pharmacology analysis. Key core targets such as interleukin （IL）-6， tumor necrosis factor （TNF）， protein kinase B1 （Akt1）， and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α （HIF-1α） were screened. The results of GO analysis of common targets involved 738 biological processes（BP）， 72 cellular components（CC）， and 135 molecular functions（MF）. KEGG analysis effectively enriched two important signaling pathways： Phosphoinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/Akt and HIF-1α. The results of molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation showed that the screened active ingredients had good binding ability with key targets. In the HAPE model induced by hypobaric hypoxia（6 000 m， 48 h）， the lung tissue water content， lung tissue wet/dry weight ratio， and pathological injury score of the model group were significantly increased（P<0.01）， accompanied by exudation of a large number of red blood cells in the alveoli and alveolar interstitium， a significant increase in inflammatory cells， a significant widening of the alveolar septum， and mutual fusion between the alveoli. The XQL administration group significantly improved the above pathological changes（P<0.01）. The results of inflammatory factor expression showed that compared with the control group， the model group showed significantly up-regulated expression of TNF-α， IL-6， and IL-1β in the lung tissue（P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the XQL administration group had significantly decreased expression of inflammatory factors（P<0.05， P<0.01）. The mRNA expression of key pathway related genes PI3K， Akt1， mammalian target of rapamycin（mTOR）， and HIF-1α was significantly increased in the model group（P<0.01）， and decreased in a concentration-dependent manner after XQL administration（P<0.05， P<0.01）. The expression levels of key proteins PI3K， phosphorylation（p）-PI3K， Akt1， p-Akt1， mTOR， p-mTOR， and HIF-1α in lung tissue were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Compared with the blank group， the model group showed increased expression of key proteins（P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the XQL administration group exhibited decreased expression of key proteins（P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionXQL can reduce lung inflammation and improve HAPE. The mechanism may be related to the regulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and HIF-1α pathways. This study provides a new idea and a theoretical basis for the treatment of HAPE with XQL.

Abstract Mental health problems in adolescents often emerge alongside incidents of peer bullying, negatively affecting their development. In order to develop intervention measures for peer bullying among Chinese adolescents, the article elaborates on the current research progress in the theoretical basis, evidence based approaches, and practical models of peer bullying intervention, summarizes strengths and limitations of existing approaches, and proposes future research directions for intervention, with the aim of preventing and reducing peer bullying and creating a favorable environment for the healthy adolescent develpment.

Background Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common chronic urinary disease in middle-aged and older men, yet the impact of long-term exposure to atmospheric particulate matter (PM) on its pathogenesis remains unclear. Objective To investigate the association between PM exposure and the risk of incident BPH in middle-aged and older men. Methods Based on four waves of follow-up data (2011–2018) from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), 4766 participants were enrolled. Robust Poisson regression models were employed to assess the association between exposure to PM (PM₁, PM_2.5, and PM₁₀) and the risk of incident BPH. Relative risks (RR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated. Dose-response relationships were fitted using restricted cubic splines (RCS). Subgroup analyses were performed to explore potential effect modifications, and multiple imputation was used to handle missing data. Results Over a mean follow-up of 6 years, 914 incident BPH cases were identified among the4766 participants (cumulative incidence: 19.18%). After adjusting for confounders, each 10 μg·m⁻³ increase in PM₁, PM_2.5, and PM₁₀ concentrations was associated with a 13.1% (RR=1.131, 95%CI: 1.063, 1.203), 8.5% (RR=1.085, 95%CI: 1.050, 1.122), and 5.1% (RR=1.051, 95%CI: 1.034, 1.069) increased risk of BPH, respectively. RCS analysis showed that no nonlinear relationship was found between PM₁ and PM_2.5 and the risk of BPH (P>0.05); however, a nonlinear association was observed for PM₁₀ (P=0.03), with the risk increment slowing beyond 100 μg·m⁻³. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings. Conclusion Long-term exposure to ambient particulate matter may be associated with an increased risk of incident BPH in middle-aged and older men.

Background Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common chronic urinary disease in middle-aged and older men, yet the impact of long-term exposure to atmospheric particulate matter (PM) on its pathogenesis remains unclear. Objective To investigate the association between PM exposure and the risk of incident BPH in middle-aged and older men. Methods Based on four waves of follow-up data (2011–2018) from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), 4766 participants were enrolled. Robust Poisson regression models were employed to assess the association between exposure to PM (PM₁, PM_2.5, and PM₁₀) and the risk of incident BPH. Relative risks (RR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated. Dose-response relationships were fitted using restricted cubic splines (RCS). Subgroup analyses were performed to explore potential effect modifications, and multiple imputation was used to handle missing data. Results Over a mean follow-up of 6 years, 914 incident BPH cases were identified among the4766 participants (cumulative incidence: 19.18%). After adjusting for confounders, each 10 μg·m⁻³ increase in PM₁, PM_2.5, and PM₁₀ concentrations was associated with a 13.1% (RR=1.131, 95%CI: 1.063, 1.203), 8.5% (RR=1.085, 95%CI: 1.050, 1.122), and 5.1% (RR=1.051, 95%CI: 1.034, 1.069) increased risk of BPH, respectively. RCS analysis showed that no nonlinear relationship was found between PM₁ and PM_2.5 and the risk of BPH (P>0.05); however, a nonlinear association was observed for PM₁₀ (P=0.03), with the risk increment slowing beyond 100 μg·m⁻³. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings. Conclusion Long-term exposure to ambient particulate matter may be associated with an increased risk of incident BPH in middle-aged and older men.

Objective To explore the shared potential targets and molecular mechanisms of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)using bioinformatics methods,to validate the expression of core targets through animal experiments,and to analyze the intervention potential of active components of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Methods The obese population datasets(GSE151839 and GSE162653)were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database to screen for differentially expressed genes,which were then intersected with T2DM-related targets from the GeneCards database to identify shared targets.A protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was constructed using the STRING database.Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)analyses were performed to identify enriched biological processes and signaling pathways.The expression of core targets in adipose tissue from patients with obesity and T2DM was validated using the GEO database.A total of 12 specific-pathogen-free(SPF)male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats,aged 8 weeks and weighing between 180 and 200 g,were randomly assigned to a control group and a model group(n=6 each).A T2DM rat model was established,and the mRNA and protein expression levels of core targets in adipose tissue were measured.Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were performed to assess the binding ability of TCM active components to core targets.Results A total of 460 and 796 obesity-related differentially expressed genes were identified in the GSE151839 and GSE162653 datasets,respectively,and 109 shared targets were obtained by intersection with T2DM-related targets.According to PPI network analysis,PTPRC,MMP9,ITGB2,CD86,CCR5,and CCR2 were identified as the core targets.GO and KEGG analysis showed that these targets are mainly enriched in biological processes such as inflammatory response,immune regulation,and cell adhesion.Animal experiments confirmed that the mRNA and protein expression of core targets,including PTPRC,ITGAX,MMP9,ITGB2,CCR2,and CXCL1,were significantly upregulated in the adipose tissue of T2DM rats(P<0.05).Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations revealed that berberine and puerarin had good binding ability with PTPRC,MMP9,and ITGB2.Conclusion This study reveals the shared molecular mechanisms between obesity and T2DM and shows that core targets,such as PTPRC and MMP9,may promote disease progression by regulating the inflammation-immune network.These findings provide a theoretical basis for the development of targeted therapeutic strategies based on TCM active ingredients.

ObjectiveTo retrospectively analyze the association between novel coronavirus (“SARS-CoV-2”) infection and clinical symptoms in inpatients with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, so as to provide evidence for improving clinical diagnostic ability. MethodsFrom January 13 to March 2, 2023, respiratory tract specimens of 456 inpatients with SARI were collected from 8 sentinel institutions, SARS-CoV-2 was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Whole genome sequencing and sequence analyses were performed to samples with a cycle threshold (Ct) value of <35. At the same time, demographic information, clinical characteristics and underlying disease condition of the cases were collected, and the association between age, symptoms and nucleic acid positive rates was evaluated by χ² test and Spearman correlation analysis. ResultsA total of 456 cases were included, the median (P₂₅, P₇₅) age was 70 (69, 85) years old, of which 200 cases were novel coronavirus nucleic acid positive for SARS-CoV-2, with a positive rate of 43.86%. The positive rate was the highest in the 80-year-old group (56.82%), and the positive rate increased significantly with age (r=0.15, P=0.002). The proportion of oppression in chest, sore throat and expectoration in novel coronavirus nucleic acid positive cases was significantly higher than that in negative cases (all P<0.05). The 33 viruses sequenced successfully were all Omicron subvariants, with BF.7 (51.52%) and BA.5.2 (42.42%) being the predominant ones. ConclusionA positive correlation was observed between advanced age and the risk of SARS-CoV-2 positivity in patients with SARI. The symptoms of expectoration, oppression in chest and sore throat are more common in positive cases, which can be used as a prompt indicator for key screening and clinical identification of elderly SARI cases.

ObjectiveTo investigate the infection characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in children with acute respiratory tract infection (ARI) in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, from 2013 to 2023, so as to provide an evidence for the prevention and control of RSV in Shanghai. MethodsChildren who sought medical care at sentinel healthcare facilities in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, between January 2013 and December 2023 and met the case definition of ARI were included in the study. Nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected and tested for viral pathogens using real-time fluorescene PCR, and the clinical information of whom was collected simultaneously. ResultsA total of 4 980 children were included in the ARI surveillance, among whom 231 tested positive for RSV, with an overall detection rate of 4.64%. Of these, 106 cases were type A and 125 were type B. From 2013 to 2023, the detection rate of RSV in children showed an overall trend of initial increase followed by a decline, with higher detection rates in autumn and winter and lower rates in spring and summer. The RSV detection rate gradually decreased with age, with the highest rate observed in children <1 year old, accounting for 16.33% (80/490) of RSV-detection cases. Cough was the most common clinical symptom. Among the RSV-positive cases, 36 involved co-infection with another virus, 6 co-infected with three viruses, and 1 with mixed infection of four viruses. The most frequent co-infection was RSV and human coronavirus. ConclusionChildren under 1 year of age are more susceptible to RSV infection, with cough being the predominant symptom. RSV infection in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, mainly occurs in winter. Targeted prevention and control measures should be taken for children under 1 year old during the winter season to reduce the risk of both RSV infection and co-infection with human coronavirus and influenza virus.

Guidelines for Digital Ancient Books of TCM Indexing(T/CIATCM 119-2024)is based on the theoretical knowledge,disciplinary methods,and practical applications of TCM classical cataloging.Taking digital ancient books of TCM as the object,it systematically reveals the content of TCM knowledge,which is an essential indexing processing standard for building an intelligent retrieval system for TCM ancient books,and can provide support for the deep development and innovative utilization of TCM knowledge.It can not only promote the co-construction and sharing of ancient book resources in the TCM industry,but also promote the standardization construction and application of TCM information.This standard specifies the principles,methods,and examples of free indexing of digital ancient books of TCM based on their original content.It is applicable to the indexing and processing of digital ancient books of TCM for TCM professional libraries and related institutions,and to the data processing and construction of various types of TCM ancient book databases.