Objective To investigate the effects of syncytial formation induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)spike protein(SARS-2-S)on the proliferation and migration of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells and mouse melanoma B16 cells in vitro.Methods Plasmids expressing human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(hACE2)and SARS-2-S were constructed and respectively co-transfected with lentiviral packaging plasmids into HEK-293FT cells before the lentiviral supernatant was collected and infected with A549 cells which were screened by puromycin to obtain the A549 cells respectively that were stably transfected with hACE2(A549-A)and SARS-2-S(A549-S).The protein expression of A549-A and A549-S cells was verified by Western blotting.A549-A and A549-S cells were co-cultured before their syncytia were observed by fluorescence microscopy.Conditioned media(syncytial supernatant and non-syncytial supernatant)was collected to culture A549 cells,ovalbumin(OVA)-gene-modified B16 cells(B16-OVA),and B16-F10 cells in vitro.The CCK-8 assay and colony formation assay were used to assess the proliferation capacity of tumor cells,while the wound healing assay was employed to evaluate the migration capacity of tumor cells.Results Stable A549 cell lines expressing hACE2 and SARS-2-S were constructed.The SARS-2-S-induced syncytial formation system was established after co-culture of A549-A and A549-S cells.Both syncytial and non-syncytial supernatants significantly promoted the proliferation and migration of A549,B16-OVA,and B16-F10 cells in vitro,especially the syncytial supernatant.Conclusion SARS-2-S-induced syncytial formation promotes the proliferation and migration properties of A549 and B16 cells in vitro.

Objective:To explore the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) combined with cognitive behavioral therapies (CBT) on the cognitive function and alcohol craving in patients with alcohol dependence.Methods:From March 2019 to September 2021, a total of 150 patients with alcohol dependence were enrolled and randomly divided into rTMS treatment group (rTMS+ sham CBT, n=41), CBT treatment group (CBT+ sham rTMS, n=34), rTMS+ CBT treatment group( n=36) and control group (sham rTMS+ sham CBT, n=39). At baseline (before treatment), 2nd week, 8th week, 12th week and 24th week, alcohol dependence scale (ADS) was used to evaluate the degree of alcohol dependence, the obsessive compulsive drinking scale (OCDS) was used to assess patients' drinking craving, and Montreal cognitive assessment scale (MoCA) was used to assess the overall cognitive level of patients.SPSS 23.0 statistical software was used to compare the differences of ADS, OCDS and MoCA scale scores of the four groups by repeated measure ANOVA and simple effect analysis. Results:(1)The patients in the four groups were evaluated with ADS scale at baseline, 12th week and 24th week respectively.The interaction of group×time( F=1.279, P=0.279) and the main effect of group were not significant ( F=0.882, P=0.454), and the main effect of time was significant ( F=12.925, P<0.001) .Further simple effect analysis showed that the ADS score of rTMS+ CBT group was lower than that of baseline(14.48±5.70, 10.00±6.51) ( P=0.01) at 24th week.(2)Patients in the four groups were assessed with OCDs scale at baseline, 2nd week, 8th week, 12th week and 24th week, and the interaction of group×time was significant ( F=2.015, P=0.042). Further simple effect analysis showed that the OCDs scores of rTMS group and rTMS+ CBT group at each follow-up time node were lower than those at baseline period (all P<0.05). (3)Patients in the four groups were assessed with MoCA scale at baseline, 8th week, 12th week and 24th week, and the interaction of group×time was not significant ( F=1.660, P=0.106), and the main effect of group and the main effect of time were significant ( F=2.964, P=0.038; F=14.239, P<0.001). Further simple effect analysis showed that the score of MoCA scale in CBT group at the 24th week was higher than that at baseline (21.73±5.81, 24.60±3.98)( P=0.029), the score of MoCA scale in rTMS+ CBT group at the 24th week was higher than that at the 8th week (23.50±6.01, 25.95±2.87) ( P=0.006), and the score of MoCA scale in rTMS group at the 12th week was higher than that in control group (22.08±6.64, 26.64±2.46)( P=0.009). Conclusion:rTMS combined with CBT can be effective in improving alcohol craving and cognitive function in patients with alcohol dependence, and has a good long-term effect.

AIM: To study the effects of protein kinase C on the expression of MMPs that may play an important role in the formation of atherosclerosis and the possible mechanism of Danshen injection to treat atherosclerosis. METHODS: 50 Sprgue-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into three groups randomly: control group (group C), model group (group M) and Denshen treatment group (group D). The serum was collected to measure the level of cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-ch). The expression of PKC and MMPs were measured by immunohistochemistry. Light microscope and electron microscope were also used. RESULTS: ① The cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-ch concentrations in group M and group D were significantly higher than those in group C (P