Men who have sex with men (MSM) represent a high-risk group for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and transmission. HPV vaccination for MSM has been extensively explored in clinical trials and real-world settings in foreign countries, but it has not been widely promoted for MSM in the Chinese mainland. This article provides a comprehensive review of the HPV vaccination status among MSM, as well as the effectiveness, immunogenicity, safety, and cost-effectiveness of HPV vaccines, aiming to provide reference for the implementation and promotion of HPV vaccination among MSM in the Chinese mainland.

[Objective] To compare the clinical efficacy of super pulse thulium laser enucleation of the prostate (SPThuLEP) with "open tunnel" and transurethral holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), in order to provide reference for the treatment options of BPH. [Methods] The clinical data of 112 BPH patients treated in our hospital during Jan.2023 and Jul.2023 were retrospectively analyzed, including 65 treated with SPThuLEP with "open tunnel" and 57 with HoLEP.The operation time, postoperative hemoglobin decrease, postoperative bladder irrigation, catheter indwelling time, hospitalization time and complications were compared between the two groups.The changes of maximum urine flow rate (Qmax), international prostate symptom score (IPSS), quality of life score (QoL), postvoid residual (PVR) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were compared between the two groups before operation and one month after operation. [Results] All operations were successful without conversion to open or transurethral plasmakinetic resection.The postoperative decrease of hemoglobin in SPThuLEP group was lower than that in HoLEP group [(13.12±6.72) g/L vs. (21.02±6.51) g/L], with statistical difference (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the operation time [(63.35±15.73) min vs.(61.02±17.55) min], postoperative bladder irrigation time [(1.07±0.45) d vs. (1.06±0.36) d], catheter indwelling time [(2.98±0.56) d vs. (3.01±0.63) d] and hospitalization time [(3.63±0.61) d vs.(3.79±0.76) d] between the two groups (P>0.05). No blood transfusion, secondary bleeding or unplanned hospitalization occurred, and there were no serious complications such as transurethral electroresection syndrome (TURS), urethral stricture and urinary incontinence.One month after operation, the Qmax, IPSS, QoL, PVR and PSA of the two groups were significantly improved compared with those before operation (P<0.05), but with no statistical difference between the two groups (P>0.05). [Conclusion] SPThuLEP with "open tunnel" has comparable efficacy as HoLEP in the treatment of BPH.With advantages of small amount of bleeding and high safety, this minimally invasive technique can be widely popularized in clinical practice.

Objective To quantify the lower limb coordination and coordination variability of children with spastic cerebral palsy(CP)during flat ground walking using vector coding technology.Methods From September to December,2023,eight children with spastic CP(patients)from Ji'nan Rehabilitation Hospi-tal and Ji'nan Special Education School,and eight healthy children(controls)from communities walked on a treadmill at a speed of 0.45 m/s.Lower limb kinematic data were collected using Vicon,a three-dimensional mo-tion capture system.Vector coding technology was used to quantify the temporal and spatial parameters of ipsilat-eral lower limb joints to calculate joint coupling angles and coupling angle variability(CAV).Results In the first and second double support phase,the hip-knee coupling angle was significantly larger in the patients than in the controls(|t|>2.317,P<0.05).In the swing phase,the hip-ankle and knee-ankle coupling angles were significantly larger in the patients(|t|>2.346,P<0.05).In the first double support phase and the single support phase,CAV of the hip-knee and hip-ankle were significantly larger in the patients(|t|>2.454,P<0.05),and they were smaller in the swing phase(t>2.560,P<0.05).In the second double support phase and the swing phase,CAV of the knee-ankle was significantly larger in the patients(|t|>2.909,P<0.05).Conclusion Coordination among hip,knee and ankle joints is poor for children with spastic CP during both the stance and swing phases of walking,and variability is more during the stance phase.

Investigated the mechanisms by which baicalein regulates nuclear factor E2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)to ameliorate lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced sepsis-asso-ciated acute kidney injury(AKI)in mice.Sixty male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into six groups:control,model,low-dose baicalein(50 mg/kg),medium-dose baicalein(100 mg/kg),high-dose baicalein(200 mg/kg),and high-dose baicalein+brusatol(4 mg/kg).Baicalein was adminis-tered orally for 7 days as a preventative measure.Sepsis was induced via intraperitoneal injection of LPS.Murine sepsis score(MSS)was assessed within 12 hours post-induction.Serum creatinine(Scr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),and interleukin-6(IL-6)were measured using an automatic biochemical analyzer and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA),respectively.Histopathological changes in kidney tissues were ob-served via hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.Western blot analysis was employed to determine the protein expression levels of Nrf2,HO-1,caspase-8,TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6 in kidney tissues.Additionally,total superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity in kidney tissues was assessed using com-mercially available kits.Compared to the model group,baicalein treatment significantly improved renal histopathological changes,alleviated cellular damage,and reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines(TNF-α,IL-1βand IL-6)(P＜0.01)and kidney injury markers(Scr and BUN)(P＜0.01).Moreover,baicalein treatment significantly increased the protein expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1(P＜0.01)and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity.In conclusion,baicalein may pro-tect against LPS-induced sepsis-associated AK1 in mice by modulating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway,thereby attenuating oxidative stress,reducing inflammation,and disrupting the vicious cycle between inflammation and oxidative stress.

Objective To quantify the lower limb coordination and coordination variability of children with spastic cerebral palsy(CP)during flat ground walking using vector coding technology.Methods From September to December,2023,eight children with spastic CP(patients)from Ji'nan Rehabilitation Hospi-tal and Ji'nan Special Education School,and eight healthy children(controls)from communities walked on a treadmill at a speed of 0.45 m/s.Lower limb kinematic data were collected using Vicon,a three-dimensional mo-tion capture system.Vector coding technology was used to quantify the temporal and spatial parameters of ipsilat-eral lower limb joints to calculate joint coupling angles and coupling angle variability(CAV).Results In the first and second double support phase,the hip-knee coupling angle was significantly larger in the patients than in the controls(|t|>2.317,P<0.05).In the swing phase,the hip-ankle and knee-ankle coupling angles were significantly larger in the patients(|t|>2.346,P<0.05).In the first double support phase and the single support phase,CAV of the hip-knee and hip-ankle were significantly larger in the patients(|t|>2.454,P<0.05),and they were smaller in the swing phase(t>2.560,P<0.05).In the second double support phase and the swing phase,CAV of the knee-ankle was significantly larger in the patients(|t|>2.909,P<0.05).Conclusion Coordination among hip,knee and ankle joints is poor for children with spastic CP during both the stance and swing phases of walking,and variability is more during the stance phase.

Investigated the mechanisms by which baicalein regulates nuclear factor E2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)to ameliorate lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced sepsis-asso-ciated acute kidney injury(AKI)in mice.Sixty male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into six groups:control,model,low-dose baicalein(50 mg/kg),medium-dose baicalein(100 mg/kg),high-dose baicalein(200 mg/kg),and high-dose baicalein+brusatol(4 mg/kg).Baicalein was adminis-tered orally for 7 days as a preventative measure.Sepsis was induced via intraperitoneal injection of LPS.Murine sepsis score(MSS)was assessed within 12 hours post-induction.Serum creatinine(Scr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),and interleukin-6(IL-6)were measured using an automatic biochemical analyzer and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA),respectively.Histopathological changes in kidney tissues were ob-served via hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.Western blot analysis was employed to determine the protein expression levels of Nrf2,HO-1,caspase-8,TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6 in kidney tissues.Additionally,total superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity in kidney tissues was assessed using com-mercially available kits.Compared to the model group,baicalein treatment significantly improved renal histopathological changes,alleviated cellular damage,and reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines(TNF-α,IL-1βand IL-6)(P＜0.01)and kidney injury markers(Scr and BUN)(P＜0.01).Moreover,baicalein treatment significantly increased the protein expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1(P＜0.01)and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity.In conclusion,baicalein may pro-tect against LPS-induced sepsis-associated AK1 in mice by modulating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway,thereby attenuating oxidative stress,reducing inflammation,and disrupting the vicious cycle between inflammation and oxidative stress.

Men who have sex with men (MSM) represent a high-risk group for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and transmission. HPV vaccination for MSM has been extensively explored in clinical trials and real-world settings in foreign countries, but it has not been widely promoted for MSM in the Chinese mainland. This article provides a comprehensive review of the HPV vaccination status among MSM, as well as the effectiveness, immunogenicity, safety, and cost-effectiveness of HPV vaccines, aiming to provide reference for the implementation and promotion of HPV vaccination among MSM in the Chinese mainland.

BACKGROUND:Clinical studies have shown that aerobic exercise is an important supplement to the clinical treatment of patients with pulmonary hypertension,which can alleviate the disease condition,increase exercise tolerance and improve the quality of life.However,it is not clear whether patients at different stages of pulmonary hypertension can benefit equally from exercise training. OBJECTIVE:To compare the intervention effects of early or late aerobic training on right heart failure in rats with pulmonary hypertension and explore its possible mechanism. METHODS:Sixty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group,model sedentary group,model early exercise group and model late exercise group,with 15 rats in each group.The model of pulmonary hypertension was established by intraperitoneal injection of monocrotaline(60 mg/kg)in the latter three groups.The model early exercise group was given 8 weeks of treadmill aerobic exercise(60%maximum running speed,60 minutes per day,5 days a week)after modeling,while the model late exercise group was trained for 6 weeks after 2 weeks of modeling.The control and model sedentary groups were fed quietly in the rat cage for 8 weeks.After training,the exercise performance,right ventricular hemodynamics,cardiopulmonary function,cardiopulmonary histopathology,reactive oxygen species level in mitochondria,activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex and expressions of myocardial tissue proteins were detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the model sedentary group,exercise performance and right ventricular function improved(P<0.05),myocardial collagen content,endothelin-1,tumor necrosis factor-α/interleukin-10 ratio and β-myosin heavy chain/α-myosin heavy chain ratio decreased(P<0.05),vascular endothelial growth factor and sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium-adenosine triphosphate enzyme expression increased(P<0.05),immunofluorescence intensity of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and the protein expression of 3-nitrotyrosine decreased(P<0.05),the activities of complex I,II,IV and V increased in the model early exercise and model late exercise groups(P<0.05),but there were no significant changes in right ventricular maximum pressure,pulmonary acceleration time and pulmonary artery wall area/total vascular area ratio(P>0.05).Compared with the model late exercise group,the model early exercise group further improved exercise performance and right ventricular function,and downregulated collagen content,brain natriuretic peptide protein expression,tumor necrosis factor-α/interleukin-10 ratio and β-myosin heavy chain/α-myosin heavy chain ratio(P<0.05).To conclude,although pulmonary vascular remodeling and right ventricular overload persist in rats with pulmonary hypertension,exercise training at different stages of the disease has a cardioprotective effect.The mechanism is related to the improvement of cardiac remodeling,neurohormone system imbalance,inflammatory response and mitochondrial oxidative stress.Greater benefit is gained from initiating exercise in the early stage of the disease.

Objective To study the feasibility and safety of right ventricular angiography(RVG)to as-sist pacing in the left bundle branch region(LBBaP).Methods The retrospective study was adopted.A total of 67 patients receiving LBBaP in this hospital from January 2019 to June 2022 were included as the study sub-jects.The basic information of the patients was collected,including the sex,age,clinical diagnosis,EKG pa-rameters,etc.The RVG three-stage adjuvant LBBaP was adopted.The specific operation was to perform RVG under the right anterior oblique perspective of 30°.A straight line was connected between the highest point of the tricuspid valvular ring and the apex of the right ventricle,and then the straight line was divided into 3 e-qual parts.The proximal junction was the LBBaP electrode implantation area.The success of LBBaP operation was defined as the simultaneous satisfaction of right bundle branch block form of QRS wave in unipolar pa-cing,QRS wave width(QRSd)＜130 ms and peak time of left ventricular excitation＜90 ms.The operation related parameters and occurrence situation of complications were recorded.The follow up was conducted in 1,3,6,12 months.The electrode parameters,electrocardiogram and color Doppler ultrasound results were recor-ded.Results Among 67 patients,43 cases were males aged(65.0±8.0)years old;twenty-two cases(32.8％)were symptomatic sick sinus syndrome,and 45 cases(67.2％)were second-degree type Ⅱ and above atrioven-tricular block.The preoperative QRS width(QRSd)was(103.0±22.0)ms.The LBBaP operation success was in 61 cases(91.0％).The operation time was(134.6±32.3)min,and the X-ray exposure time was(43.6±12.6)min.The pace-making threshold value was(0.8±0.4)V,the R wave perception amplitude was(12.1±4.7)mV,and the impedance was(741.2±130.8)Ω.At 1 V pacing,the peak time of left ventricular activation in the lead V5 was(83.4±13.7)ms.The postoperative QRSd was(116.5±18.3)ms.During the operation,8 cases developed interventricular septal perforation and 1 case developed bundle branch injury.No other serious complications occurred.After 12 months of follow-up,all patients had stable electrode parame-ters.Conclusion RVG three-stage adjuvant LBBaP is a simple,feasible and safe physiological pacing method.

Objective:To explore the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) combined with cognitive behavioral therapies (CBT) on the cognitive function and alcohol craving in patients with alcohol dependence.Methods:From March 2019 to September 2021, a total of 150 patients with alcohol dependence were enrolled and randomly divided into rTMS treatment group (rTMS+ sham CBT, n=41), CBT treatment group (CBT+ sham rTMS, n=34), rTMS+ CBT treatment group( n=36) and control group (sham rTMS+ sham CBT, n=39). At baseline (before treatment), 2nd week, 8th week, 12th week and 24th week, alcohol dependence scale (ADS) was used to evaluate the degree of alcohol dependence, the obsessive compulsive drinking scale (OCDS) was used to assess patients' drinking craving, and Montreal cognitive assessment scale (MoCA) was used to assess the overall cognitive level of patients.SPSS 23.0 statistical software was used to compare the differences of ADS, OCDS and MoCA scale scores of the four groups by repeated measure ANOVA and simple effect analysis. Results:(1)The patients in the four groups were evaluated with ADS scale at baseline, 12th week and 24th week respectively.The interaction of group×time( F=1.279, P=0.279) and the main effect of group were not significant ( F=0.882, P=0.454), and the main effect of time was significant ( F=12.925, P<0.001) .Further simple effect analysis showed that the ADS score of rTMS+ CBT group was lower than that of baseline(14.48±5.70, 10.00±6.51) ( P=0.01) at 24th week.(2)Patients in the four groups were assessed with OCDs scale at baseline, 2nd week, 8th week, 12th week and 24th week, and the interaction of group×time was significant ( F=2.015, P=0.042). Further simple effect analysis showed that the OCDs scores of rTMS group and rTMS+ CBT group at each follow-up time node were lower than those at baseline period (all P<0.05). (3)Patients in the four groups were assessed with MoCA scale at baseline, 8th week, 12th week and 24th week, and the interaction of group×time was not significant ( F=1.660, P=0.106), and the main effect of group and the main effect of time were significant ( F=2.964, P=0.038; F=14.239, P<0.001). Further simple effect analysis showed that the score of MoCA scale in CBT group at the 24th week was higher than that at baseline (21.73±5.81, 24.60±3.98)( P=0.029), the score of MoCA scale in rTMS+ CBT group at the 24th week was higher than that at the 8th week (23.50±6.01, 25.95±2.87) ( P=0.006), and the score of MoCA scale in rTMS group at the 12th week was higher than that in control group (22.08±6.64, 26.64±2.46)( P=0.009). Conclusion:rTMS combined with CBT can be effective in improving alcohol craving and cognitive function in patients with alcohol dependence, and has a good long-term effect.