Objective To explore the research focus and current status of saturation diving in China by bibliometric method,so as to provide reference for the development of saturation diving.Methods With the subject term of"saturation diving",the relevant literatures were retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),VIP,Wanfang,and Chinese biomedical literature database.NoteExpress software was used to remove repetitive literatures.Results A total of 306 literatures were included,which were published in 90 journals.The journals with more publications were Chinese Journal of Nautical Medicine and Hyperbaric Medicine,Journal of Navy Medicine,and Chinese Journal of Applied Physiology,etc.A total of 501 keywords were used 1 716 times.Visual analysis revealed that the hotspot keywords were saturation diving,simulation experiments,animal experiments,patrol diving,helium oxygen saturation diving,saturation diving systems,and ternary gas mixtures.There were 55 keywords with word frequency≥4,forming 5 meaningful clusters.Research hotspots focused on saturation diving equipment,saturation diving support system,physiological function,medical support and so on.Conclusion The development of saturation diving in China is driven by important events.Technological breakthroughs depend heavily on the contribution of military scientific research.However,experimental research achievements are far more than applied practice.In the future,saturation diving experiment chamber with larger simulation depth should be built,saturation diving system with stronger practical performance should be developed,and the training of saturation divers and medical support personnel should be increased,so as to improve the operation technique and level of saturation diving in China.

During long-duration space missions,astronauts face health challenges such as bone density loss,muscle atrophy,cardiovascular dysfunction,immune function suppression caused by microgravity,as well as mental health issues in a confined environment.There is an urgent need for real-time,continuous,and multi-dimensional health monitoring technologies to safeguard the health and safety of astronauts.This paper systematically reviews the technical requirements and current development status of astronaut on-orbit health monitoring,with a focus on analyzing breakthroughs in technologies such as dynamic electrocardiography,non-invasive blood pressure assessment,flexible electronic skin,and molecular probe spectroscopy.It also elaborates on how the integration of artificial intelligence and bionics technologies is propelling the monitoring system towards intelligence and autonomy,providing a reference for the medical support of astronauts during long-duration spaceflight missions.

Objective:To analyze the research hotspots and summarize research status of the medical service of Peace Ark hospital ship, through a bibliometric study, and to provide a reference for the research work in the future. Methods:A total of 393 articles collected from Wanfang Data, CNKI, CBM Database, and VIP Database were analyzed by bibliometrics.Results:These 393 articles were published in 39 journals, most of which were published in China Journal of Emergency Resuscitation and Disaster Medicine, Chinese Journal of Nautical Medicine and Hyperbaric Medicine, and Journal of Navy Medicine. A total of 546 keywords were used for 1, 687 times. And the visual analysis showed that the hot keywords were hospital ship, Harmonious Mission, medical service, Peace Ark, overseas medical treatment, long oceangoing voyage, nursing care, outpatient service, medical rescue, and management. Conclusion:In the past 10 years, the Peace Ark hospital ship has accumulated much experience in overseas medical service, enhanced its operation mode, improved its capacity for medical service, hence she has truly become the "Ship of Life" sailing across the vast ocean.

Objective:To analyze the research hotspots and summarize research status of the medical service of Peace Ark hospital ship, through a bibliometric study, and to provide a reference for the research work in the future. Methods:A total of 393 articles collected from Wanfang Data, CNKI, CBM Database, and VIP Database were analyzed by bibliometrics.Results:These 393 articles were published in 39 journals, most of which were published in China Journal of Emergency Resuscitation and Disaster Medicine, Chinese Journal of Nautical Medicine and Hyperbaric Medicine, and Journal of Navy Medicine. A total of 546 keywords were used for 1, 687 times. And the visual analysis showed that the hot keywords were hospital ship, Harmonious Mission, medical service, Peace Ark, overseas medical treatment, long oceangoing voyage, nursing care, outpatient service, medical rescue, and management. Conclusion:In the past 10 years, the Peace Ark hospital ship has accumulated much experience in overseas medical service, enhanced its operation mode, improved its capacity for medical service, hence she has truly become the "Ship of Life" sailing across the vast ocean.

Objective:To optimize the decompression scheme of conventional air diving based on the data of 5 factors.Methods:Five factors, i. e. bottom material, water temperature, water current velocity, individual susceptibility to decompression sickness, and labor intensity, associated with decompression safety were calculated and analyzed, to select the most optimized decompression scheme.Results:A modified formula for the duration of underwater operation was proposed, and it was proved safe and reliable during the underwater construction of railway bridge pier.Conclusion:Based on synthetical consideration of various factors, i. e. bottom material, water temperature, water current velocity, individual susceptibility to decompression sickness, and labor intensity, an optimized decompression scheme was gained for balancing the decompression efficiency and the safety of divers by modifying the time duration of underwater operation.

Objective:To optimize the decompression scheme of conventional air diving based on the data of 5 factors.Methods:Five factors, i. e. bottom material, water temperature, water current velocity, individual susceptibility to decompression sickness, and labor intensity, associated with decompression safety were calculated and analyzed, to select the most optimized decompression scheme.Results:A modified formula for the duration of underwater operation was proposed, and it was proved safe and reliable during the underwater construction of railway bridge pier.Conclusion:Based on synthetical consideration of various factors, i. e. bottom material, water temperature, water current velocity, individual susceptibility to decompression sickness, and labor intensity, an optimized decompression scheme was gained for balancing the decompression efficiency and the safety of divers by modifying the time duration of underwater operation.

Objective To analyze the features of the patents in the Chinese diving medical specialty and discuss proper approaches to the improvement of patent protection in the field of diving medicine specialty.Methods Keywords were determined for information retrieval.Then,database of the China Patent Literature Database of the State Patent Office,the Seven-organization Database,the European Patent Office from itsinception to September 30,2016,as well as patent submittions were searched as required.Analyses were made on the types of issued patents,issued time,patentee ranking,regional distribution,IPC classification and categories of B63C11 group by using Patsnap patent analysis software.Results The innovation and development of Chinese diving medicine specialty has gone through 3 stages,and recent 5 years have witnessed rapid development,and more than half of the issued patents are patent of inventions.Major patent applicants are mostly scientific research institutes or institutions with strong research and development capabilities.The institutions from Shandong province,Jiangsu province and Zhejiang province accounted for 30％ of the total issued patents,and 30.26％ of the IPC classification is B63C11 (underwater habitat or operational facilities,searching systems for underwater objects).Conclusions There is still much room or space for technological innovation in diving medicine specialty,and the strategy of full dimentional patent protection can further promote the innovation and development in the Chinese diving medicine specialty.

Objective To analyze the features of the patents in the Chinese diving medical specialty and discuss proper approaches to the improvement of patent protection in the field of diving medicine specialty.Methods Keywords were determined for information retrieval.Then,database of the China Patent Literature Database of the State Patent Office,the Seven-organization Database,the European Patent Office from itsinception to September 30,2016,as well as patent submittions were searched as required.Analyses were made on the types of issued patents,issued time,patentee ranking,regional distribution,IPC classification and categories of B63C11 group by using Patsnap patent analysis software.Results The innovation and development of Chinese diving medicine specialty has gone through 3 stages,and recent 5 years have witnessed rapid development,and more than half of the issued patents are patent of inventions.Major patent applicants are mostly scientific research institutes or institutions with strong research and development capabilities.The institutions from Shandong province,Jiangsu province and Zhejiang province accounted for 30％ of the total issued patents,and 30.26％ of the IPC classification is B63C11 (underwater habitat or operational facilities,searching systems for underwater objects).Conclusions There is still much room or space for technological innovation in diving medicine specialty,and the strategy of full dimentional patent protection can further promote the innovation and development in the Chinese diving medicine specialty.

Objective To conduct a preliminary analysis on HBO research in China from 2010 to 2014,so as to provide evidence for the development of the discipline.Methods Information retrieval was made by using Chinese Biomedical Disk (CBM) as the chief source of information.Through the approach of bibliometrics,analyses were made on the year distributions of literature,the amount of literature published within the years,the regional distributions of authors,institutions and related journals concerning HBO research from 2010 to 2014.Results The amount of papers published from 2010 to 2013 was generally stable,but with a slight decrease in 2014.Analyses of regional distribution of authors indicated a downward trend from the higher distribution in the east coastal areas to the lower distribution in the mid-west inland areas.Nine institutions that have more than 15 contributions within the said years are basically located in Beijing,Shanghai,Guangzhou and other highly developed coastal and river basin areas with rich water resources,with hospitals as the main research bodies.Subject analyses suggested that researches concerning HBO research were mainly focused on the toxication of carbon monoxide,the treatment of such diseases as cerebral infarction,craniocerebral injury,sudden hearing loss,diseases of newborns,coma,loss of consciousness,cerebral ischemia,spinal cord injury,cerebral hemorrhage,diabetes foot,etc.,as well as its application in the rehabilitation of patients following surgery.The Chinese Journal of Nautical Medicine and Hyperbaric Medicine as the core periodical in the field of HBO research,is the one that has the largest amount of papers published within the years,with the medical journals on neural diseases and rehabilitation coming next.Conclusions Great progress has been made in the research and application of HBO in recent years,which is mainly manifested in the treatment of diseases that are more susceptible to HBO therapy.However,most papers are on clinical applications,few papers are associated with basic research.On the other hand,significant differences could be noted in the regional distribution of author population and research institutions.

Objective To conduct a preliminary analysis on HBO research in China from 2010 to 2014,so as to provide evidence for the development of the discipline.Methods Information retrieval was made by using Chinese Biomedical Disk (CBM) as the chief source of information.Through the approach of bibliometrics,analyses were made on the year distributions of literature,the amount of literature published within the years,the regional distributions of authors,institutions and related journals concerning HBO research from 2010 to 2014.Results The amount of papers published from 2010 to 2013 was generally stable,but with a slight decrease in 2014.Analyses of regional distribution of authors indicated a downward trend from the higher distribution in the east coastal areas to the lower distribution in the mid-west inland areas.Nine institutions that have more than 15 contributions within the said years are basically located in Beijing,Shanghai,Guangzhou and other highly developed coastal and river basin areas with rich water resources,with hospitals as the main research bodies.Subject analyses suggested that researches concerning HBO research were mainly focused on the toxication of carbon monoxide,the treatment of such diseases as cerebral infarction,craniocerebral injury,sudden hearing loss,diseases of newborns,coma,loss of consciousness,cerebral ischemia,spinal cord injury,cerebral hemorrhage,diabetes foot,etc.,as well as its application in the rehabilitation of patients following surgery.The Chinese Journal of Nautical Medicine and Hyperbaric Medicine as the core periodical in the field of HBO research,is the one that has the largest amount of papers published within the years,with the medical journals on neural diseases and rehabilitation coming next.Conclusions Great progress has been made in the research and application of HBO in recent years,which is mainly manifested in the treatment of diseases that are more susceptible to HBO therapy.However,most papers are on clinical applications,few papers are associated with basic research.On the other hand,significant differences could be noted in the regional distribution of author population and research institutions.