Objective To systematically compare the efficacy of different virtual reality(VR)technologies on motor dysfunction in patients with Parkinson's disease(PD)through a network meta-analysis(NMA).Methods Following the PRISMA-NMA guidelines,randomized controlled trials(RCT)that compared the effect of at least two interventions on motor function in patients with PD were searched in PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Li-brary,Web of Science,CNKI,Wanfang data and VIP.The interventions included immersive virtual reality(IVR),non-immersive virtual reality(VRT),augmented reality(AR),treatment as usual(TAU)and active control(AC).The primary outcomes included Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part Ⅲ(UPDRS-Ⅲ),Berg Balance Scale(BBS)and Timed Up and Go Test(TUGT).A frequentist-based random-effects model was used to conduct NMA,and the surface under the cumulative ranking curve(SUCRA)was used to rank the interventions.Results A total of 20 RCT involving 890 patients were included.IVR performed best in improving the score of UPDRS-Ⅲ(SUCRA=97.7%)and was significantly superior to TAU(SMD=-0.82,95%CI-1.28 to-0.37).IVR showed the highest probability of being the best option for the score of BBS(SUCRA=85.2%)and was signifi-cantly superior to TAU(SMD=3.94,95%CI 1.08 to 6.80).IVR performed best in the outcome of TUGT(SU-CRA=95.1%)and was significantly superior to VRT(SMD=1.06,95%CI 0.40 to 1.72),AR(SMD=-1.09,95%CI-1.98 to-0.19)and TAU(SMD=-1.38,95%CI-1.95 to-0.82).However,subgroup analysis revealed that the efficacy advantage of IVR was mainly confirmed in short-term(four to six weeks)interventions,while the evidence for long-term efficacy was currently very limited.Conclusion The efficacy of interventions on motor rehabilitation in patients with PD appears to be positively correlated with the technology's level of immersion.As the most immersive technology,IVR is the optimal choice for im-proving overall motor function,balance and mobility in patients with PD.VRT and AR serve as effective adju-vants and are superior to TAU.

Objective To systematically compare the efficacy of different virtual reality(VR)technologies on motor dysfunction in patients with Parkinson's disease(PD)through a network meta-analysis(NMA).Methods Following the PRISMA-NMA guidelines,randomized controlled trials(RCT)that compared the effect of at least two interventions on motor function in patients with PD were searched in PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Li-brary,Web of Science,CNKI,Wanfang data and VIP.The interventions included immersive virtual reality(IVR),non-immersive virtual reality(VRT),augmented reality(AR),treatment as usual(TAU)and active control(AC).The primary outcomes included Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part Ⅲ(UPDRS-Ⅲ),Berg Balance Scale(BBS)and Timed Up and Go Test(TUGT).A frequentist-based random-effects model was used to conduct NMA,and the surface under the cumulative ranking curve(SUCRA)was used to rank the interventions.Results A total of 20 RCT involving 890 patients were included.IVR performed best in improving the score of UPDRS-Ⅲ(SUCRA=97.7%)and was significantly superior to TAU(SMD=-0.82,95%CI-1.28 to-0.37).IVR showed the highest probability of being the best option for the score of BBS(SUCRA=85.2%)and was signifi-cantly superior to TAU(SMD=3.94,95%CI 1.08 to 6.80).IVR performed best in the outcome of TUGT(SU-CRA=95.1%)and was significantly superior to VRT(SMD=1.06,95%CI 0.40 to 1.72),AR(SMD=-1.09,95%CI-1.98 to-0.19)and TAU(SMD=-1.38,95%CI-1.95 to-0.82).However,subgroup analysis revealed that the efficacy advantage of IVR was mainly confirmed in short-term(four to six weeks)interventions,while the evidence for long-term efficacy was currently very limited.Conclusion The efficacy of interventions on motor rehabilitation in patients with PD appears to be positively correlated with the technology's level of immersion.As the most immersive technology,IVR is the optimal choice for im-proving overall motor function,balance and mobility in patients with PD.VRT and AR serve as effective adju-vants and are superior to TAU.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of Jiedu Limai decoction in septic patients with syndrome of heat-toxin exuberance.Methods:A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted. From March 2019 to April 2020, septic patients with syndrome of heat-toxin exuberance admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) of Shanghai General Hospital and Songjiang Branch of Shanghai General Hospital were enrolled as the research objects, and they were divided into routine treatment group and Jiedu Limai decoction group by the random number table method. Patients in both groups were given standard treatment in accordance with the guidelines, and patients in the Jiedu Limai decoction group were given Jiedu Limai decoction in addition to the standard treatment, once a day for 14 days. The 28-day survival of patients of the two groups were recorded, the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHEⅡ) score, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, coagulation indexes, infection indexes, inflammatory cytokines and organ function indicators before treatment and 7 days after treatment in both groups were recorded, and the prognosis of the two groups were recorded.Results:A total of 259 patients with infection or clinical diagnosis of infection admitted during the experimental observation period were included, and those who did not meet the Sepsis-3 diagnostic criteria, more than 80 years old or less than 18 years old, with multiple tumor metastases, autoimmune system diseases, with length of ICU stay less than 24 hours, with acute active gastrointestinal bleeding and with incomplete data were excluded. One hundred patients were finally enrolled, with 50 patients in the routine treatment group and 50 patients in the Jiedu Limai decoction group. There were no statistically significant differences in coagulation indexes, infection indicators, inflammatory cytokines and organ function indicators before treatment between the two groups. After 7 days of treatment, the coagulation indexes, infection biomarkers and inflammatory cytokines in the Jiedu Limai decoction group were significantly lower than those in the routine treatment group [D-dimer (mg/L): 2.2 (1.8, 8.5) vs. 4.0 (1.5, 8.7), fibrinogen (Fib, g/L): 3.7 (3.4, 4.3) vs. 4.2 (3.7, 4.3), fibrinogen degradation product (FDP, mg/L): 7.2 (5.4, 10.2) vs. 13.2 (9.2, 15.2), procalcitonin (PCT, μg/L): 0.4 (0.2, 2.9) vs. 0.5 (0.2, 0.9), C-reactive protein (CRP, mg/L): 50.1 (9.5, 116.0) vs. 75.1 (23.5, 115.2), interleukin-6 (IL-6, ng/L): 31.6 (21.6, 81.0) vs. 44.1 (14.0, 71.3), all P < 0.05], and the levels of B-type brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) were significantly lowered [BNP (ng/L): 261.1 (87.5, 360.3) vs. 347.3 (128.8, 439.4), KIM-1 (μg/L): 0.86 (0.01, 1.40) vs. 1.24 (1.05, 1.57), both P < 0.05]. Compared with the routine treatment group, the number of new organ failure in the Jiedu Limai decoction group was decreased (30.0% vs. 50.0%, P < 0.05). Although there was no significant difference in 28-day mortality between the two groups ( P > 0.05), the 28-day mortality in the Jiedu Limai decoction group was lower than that in the routine treatment group (18.0% vs. 24.0%). Conclusion:Combining Jiedu Limai decoction to the sepsis guideline in treating syndrome of heat-toxin exuberance can effectively improve patients' coagulation function, the situation of heart and renal injury, reduce the level of inflammatory cytokines, and fewer people develop new organ failure after treatment.