Objective:A nationwide multi-center and large sample survey was conducted to compare the validity of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (Hypo-) Manic Episode with Mixed Features-DSM-5 Module (MINI-M) questionnaire and the Clinically Useful Depression Outcome Scale Supplemented with Questions for the DSM-5 Mixed Features Specifier (CUDOS-M) depression subscale in identifying mixed features in patients experiencing (hypo-) manic episodes.Methods:Using a convenience sampling method, 366 patients with bipolar disorder experiencing acute (hypo-) manic episodes who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited. The diagnosis of "with mixed features" was based on the DSM-5 criteria for mixed features. The predictive validity of the MINI-M questionnaire and the CUDOS-M depression subscale to screen mixed features was analyzed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Additionally, the difference in area under the ROC curve (AUC) between the two instruments was compared.Results:The AUC for the MINI-M questionnaire and the CUDOS-M depression subscale in screening mixed features were 0.79 (95 %CI=0.75-0.84) and 0.81 (95 %CI=0.77-0.86), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in AUC between the two measurements ( Z=-1.19, P>0.05). Among patients with acute (hypo-) manic episodes, 45.9% (168/366) presented with mixed features according to the DSM-5 criteria, while the corresponding figures were 43.7% (160/366) using the MINI-M questionnaire (total score≥3) and 42.1% (154/366) using the CUDOS-M depression subscale (total score≥20). Screening results were comparable among the three measures. Conclusion:Mixed features are common among patients experiencing acute (hypo-) manic episodes. The MINI-M questionnaire and the CUDOS-M depression subscale demonstrate equivalent validity in identifying mixed features.

Objective:A nationwide multi-center and large sample survey was conducted to compare the validity of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (Hypo-) Manic Episode with Mixed Features-DSM-5 Module (MINI-M) questionnaire and the Clinically Useful Depression Outcome Scale Supplemented with Questions for the DSM-5 Mixed Features Specifier (CUDOS-M) depression subscale in identifying mixed features in patients experiencing (hypo-) manic episodes.Methods:Using a convenience sampling method, 366 patients with bipolar disorder experiencing acute (hypo-) manic episodes who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited. The diagnosis of "with mixed features" was based on the DSM-5 criteria for mixed features. The predictive validity of the MINI-M questionnaire and the CUDOS-M depression subscale to screen mixed features was analyzed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Additionally, the difference in area under the ROC curve (AUC) between the two instruments was compared.Results:The AUC for the MINI-M questionnaire and the CUDOS-M depression subscale in screening mixed features were 0.79 (95 %CI=0.75-0.84) and 0.81 (95 %CI=0.77-0.86), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in AUC between the two measurements ( Z=-1.19, P>0.05). Among patients with acute (hypo-) manic episodes, 45.9% (168/366) presented with mixed features according to the DSM-5 criteria, while the corresponding figures were 43.7% (160/366) using the MINI-M questionnaire (total score≥3) and 42.1% (154/366) using the CUDOS-M depression subscale (total score≥20). Screening results were comparable among the three measures. Conclusion:Mixed features are common among patients experiencing acute (hypo-) manic episodes. The MINI-M questionnaire and the CUDOS-M depression subscale demonstrate equivalent validity in identifying mixed features.

Objective:To verify the reliability and validity of the Chinese Version of Biological Rhythms Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (BRIAN-C) in patients with major depressive disorder(MDD).Methods:A total of 122 patients with MDD and 122 controls were recruited and measured with the BRIAN-C, 16-Item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report (QIDS-SR16), 7-Item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale(GAD-7) and 6-Item Short Form Health Survey(SF-6). The index D and correlation analysis were conducted to evaluate the discrimination and homogeneity of the items, respectively. The Cronbach′s α coefficient, Spearman-Brown coefficient, intraclass correlation coefficient ( ICC) and retest correlation coefficient were conducted to evaluate the reliability.Confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were conducted to evaluate the construct validity, criterion validity and prediction validity, respectively. Results:The item distinction and homogeneity analysis showed significant differences ( P<0.05). The Cronbach′s α coefficient and the Spearman-Brown coefficient were 0.911 and 0.807, while the ICC and the correlation coefficient r of test-retest reliability were 0.639 (95% confidence interval( CI):0.375-0.729) and 0.43 ( P=0.001), respectively. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the fit indexes χ 2/dF=1.937, goodness-of-fit index(GFI)=0.822, comparative fit index (CFI)=0.877, Tucker-lewis index (TLI)=0.855, and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA)=0.088. The score of BRIAN-C was significantly correlated with that of QIDS-SR16, GAD-7 or SF-6 ( r=0.74, 0.46, -0.69, all P<0.05).The ROC curve suggested that the area under curve (AUC) was 0.939 (95% CI: 0.909-0.970, P<0.05) for distinguishing MDD patients from controls. The optimal cut-off was 29, with 0.861 sensitivity and 0.926 specificity. Conclusions:The BRIAN-C scale has good reliability and validity, which is supposed to be used in Chinese cultural background to evaluate the biorhythms in patients with MDD.

Objective:To verify the reliability and validity of the Chinese Version of Biological Rhythms Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (BRIAN-C) in patients with major depressive disorder(MDD).Methods:A total of 122 patients with MDD and 122 controls were recruited and measured with the BRIAN-C, 16-Item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report (QIDS-SR16), 7-Item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale(GAD-7) and 6-Item Short Form Health Survey(SF-6). The index D and correlation analysis were conducted to evaluate the discrimination and homogeneity of the items, respectively. The Cronbach′s α coefficient, Spearman-Brown coefficient, intraclass correlation coefficient ( ICC) and retest correlation coefficient were conducted to evaluate the reliability.Confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were conducted to evaluate the construct validity, criterion validity and prediction validity, respectively. Results:The item distinction and homogeneity analysis showed significant differences ( P<0.05). The Cronbach′s α coefficient and the Spearman-Brown coefficient were 0.911 and 0.807, while the ICC and the correlation coefficient r of test-retest reliability were 0.639 (95% confidence interval( CI):0.375-0.729) and 0.43 ( P=0.001), respectively. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the fit indexes χ 2/dF=1.937, goodness-of-fit index(GFI)=0.822, comparative fit index (CFI)=0.877, Tucker-lewis index (TLI)=0.855, and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA)=0.088. The score of BRIAN-C was significantly correlated with that of QIDS-SR16, GAD-7 or SF-6 ( r=0.74, 0.46, -0.69, all P<0.05).The ROC curve suggested that the area under curve (AUC) was 0.939 (95% CI: 0.909-0.970, P<0.05) for distinguishing MDD patients from controls. The optimal cut-off was 29, with 0.861 sensitivity and 0.926 specificity. Conclusions:The BRIAN-C scale has good reliability and validity, which is supposed to be used in Chinese cultural background to evaluate the biorhythms in patients with MDD.

Objective To identify risk factors of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).Methods We retrospectively reviewed 438 renal calculi patients after PCNL from August 2015 to July 2016.Among them,there were 251 men and 187 women,the mean age was (49.4 ± 11.1) years.The positive preoperative urine WBC,culture and nitrite rates were 29.7％ (130),12.1％ (53) and 15.1％ (66),respectively.The stone size was (851.2 ± 663.6) mm2,the stone CT value was (960.4 ± 303.4) HU,the operative time was (63.5 ± 33.4) min,124 (28.3 ％) were infection stones and multiple-tracts PCNL was performed in 69 (15.8％) patients.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze perioperative predictors after PCNL.Results Thirty-nine patients developed SIRS (8.9％) after PCNL.The univariate analysis showed that positive preoperative urine WBC,nitrite,culture,operation time,stone size and transfusion had significantly impacts on the outcome of postoperative SIRS after PCNL (P ＜ 0.05).Multivariable logistic analysis showed that positive preoperative urine nitrite (OR =5.990,P ＜ 0.001),stone size (OR =2.251,P =0.027) and transfusion (OR =7.501,P =0.007) were independently related to the postoperative SIRS.Conclusion The positive preoperative urine nitrite,stone size and transfusion are independent risk factors for postoperative SIRS after PCNL.