BACKGROUND: Cancer is a major public health concern, particularly among middle-aged and elderly populations, who are disproportionately affected by rising cancer incidence. Environmental pollution has been identified as a significant risk factor for cancer development. China's Carbon Emission Trading Policy (CETP), implemented in pilot regions since 2013, aims to reduce carbon emissions and improve air quality. This study evaluates the impact of CETP on pan-cancer incidence, with a focus on its effects on specific cancer types and vulnerable populations. METHODS: This quasi-natural experiment utilized data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) and environmental data from the China National Environmental Monitoring Center (2011-2018). A staggered difference-in-differences (DID) model was employed to estimate the impact of CETP on cancer incidence. Robustness tests, including parallel trend tests, placebo analysis, and entropy balancing, validated the findings. Subgroup analyses were performed to assess the policy's heterogeneous effects based on gender, Body Mass Index (BMI), and smoking status. RESULTS: CETP implementation significantly reduced the incidence of six cancer types: endometrial, cervical, gastric, esophageal, breast, and lung cancers. Overall, pan-cancer incidence significantly declined post-policy implementation (CETP × POST: -47.200, 95% CI: [-61.103, -33.296], p < 0.001). The policy demonstrated stronger effects in highly polluted areas and among individuals with poorer mental health. Subgroup analysis revealed that females, individuals with lower BMI, and non-smokers experienced more substantial benefits. CONCLUSIONS CETP significantly reduces cancer incidence by improving environmental quality and influencing mental health, with particularly strong effects observed among high-risk populations. This study highlights the important role of environmental economic policies in mitigating cancer burden and promoting public health. Future research should further explore the long-term impacts of this policy and its applicability across different national and regional contexts.
Humans ; Incidence ; Neoplasms/epidemiology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Middle Aged ; Female ; Male ; Aged ; Air Pollution/legislation & jurisprudence* ; Carbon/analysis* ; Longitudinal Studies ; Air Pollutants/analysis* ; Environmental Exposure

Objective: To explore the association between negative life events and smartphone addiction among middle school students, so as to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for prevention and intervention of smartphone addiction among middle school students. Methods: Using cluster sampling, 8 890 students were selected to survey from 27 junior high schools and 3 senior high schools in a district of Shenzhen in 2022 (baseline) and 2023 (followup). Data were collected through selfresigned questionnaires on basic information, the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version, and the Adolescent Selfrating Life Events Checklist. Mixedeffects models were employed to analyze the association. Results: Compared to 2022, the punishment scores of middle school students in 2023 [1.00 (0.00, 6.00) and 1.00 (0.00, 6.00)] decreased (Z=4.27), while the scores of interpersonal stress, learning stress and adaptation [4.00(0.00, 8.00), 4.00(0.00, 8.00); 4.00(1.00, 8.00), 5.00(2.00, 9.00); 2.00 (0.00, 6.00), 3.00 (0.00, 7.00)] increased (Z=-3.04, -8.36, -6.80) (P<0.01). Mixedeffects models revealed a positive doseresponse relationship between negative life events and smartphone addiction (OR=1.08-1.17, P<0.01). Stepwise regression showed independent positive effects of interpersonal stress (OR=1.05), academic stress (OR=1.03), and adaptation stress (OR=1.11) on smartphone addiction (P<0.01). Subgroup analysis of nonaddicted students in 2022 confirmed persistent associations for academic stress (OR=1.03) and adaptation (OR=1.07) (P<0.01). Conclusion Negative life events exhibit a positive doseresponse relationship with smartphone addiction, particularly interpersonal stress, academic stress, and adaptationrelated events.

Objective: To explore the longitudinal association between only-child status and smartphone addiction among middle school students, so as to provide a basis for establishing family intervention measures for smartphone addiction in middle school students. Methods: In October 2022 and October 2023, a preliminary survey and follow-up were conducted among 8 759 middle and high school students from 30 schools in a district of Shenzhen. A self-designed questionnaire was used to determine whether the students were the only-child, and the Chinese Version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (C-SAS-SV) was utilized to assess the students smartphone addiction status. A multilevel mixed-effects model and subgroup analysis were applied to examine the association between only-child status and smartphone addiction among middle school students. Results: During 2022 to 2023, the prevalence of smartphone addiction in the cohort of middle school students increased from 24.1% to 25.2%. Compared with only-child, non-only child were more likely to be addicted to smartphones (adjusted model: OR =1.2, 95% CI =1.1-1.4) and also scored higher on smartphone addiction (adjusted model: β =0.9, 95% CI =0.2-1.5)( P <0.05). Subgroup analysis further revealed that compared to baseline, non-only child demonstrated an increased prevalence of smartphone addiction (adjusted model: OR = 1.2 , 95% CI =1.0-1.5) and higher addiction scores (adjusted model: β =0.8, 95% CI =0.2-1.5) after one year( P <0.05). Conclusions Non-only child face higher risk of smartphone addiction. Under the current population policy, it is crucial to address smartphone addiction among middle school students who is not only child.

Objectives:To analyze the mechanical properties of the personalized artificial vertebral body of 3D-printed poly etheretherketone(PEEK)matrix composites after implantation and its effect on adjacent tissues using finite element analysis.Methods:The CT scan data of a healthy male volunteer was extracted for 3D reconstruction,the finite element model of the lumbar spine(L1-L5)was constructed,and the ranges of motion of different lumbar vertebrae segments in various motion states were simulated,after that,the effectiveness of the finite element model was verified by comparing with the research data in previous studies.The total en bloc spondylectomy(TES)was simulated to remove the L3 vertebral body and adjacent intervertebral discs,and a personalized artificial vertebral body was designed based on the design principles of artificial vertebral body and was fixed to the adjacent lumbar segments using a posterior approach with a titanium alloy rod-screw system.The interior of the artificial vertebral body was designed as honeycomb structures with densities of 30％,50％,and 70％.PEEK/hydroxylaptite(HA)composite materials were selected as the external shell of the personalized lumbar artificial vertebral body,and PEEK/carbon fiber(CF)materials were used as the internal filler.The forces and moments of each vertebral body in the upright,forward bending,backward extension,lateral bending and rotation states were obtained through the Vicon Nexus system,and as the boundary con-ditions of finite element analysis,the appropriate size of the bone graft hole and the thickness of the shell were selected,and then the inside of the artificial vertebral body was filled with hexagonal honeycombs of different densities.The models of young and middle-aged and elderly groups were established by changing the elastic modulus of cortical bone and cancellous bone,and the finite element simulation was carried out on the models.The maximum stress values of the artificial vertebral body,fixation system and adjacent upper and lower endplates under different motion states,and the stress occlusion rate of the artificial vertebral body were analyzed to evaluate the performance of the artificial vertebral body.Results:The maximum stress value of artificial vertebral body(42.25MPa)was lower than the yield strength of PEEK/HA(65MPa),and the maximum stress value of internal honeycomb(26.38MPa)was lower than the yield strength of PEEK/CF(90MPa);The maximum stress value of rod-screw system(271.75MPa)was lower than the yield strength of titanium alloy(900MPa),and the maximum stress value of the endplate on adjacent endplate(7.87MPa)was lower than the yield strength of cartilage endplate(50MPa).The stress occlusion rate of artificial vertebral body with 30％honeycomb density in the middle-aged and elderly group was the lowest.Conclusions:The 3D-printed personalized artificial vertebral body of PEEK matrix composite can complete the structure reconstruction of lumbar spine well after TES with good biomechanical stability.

Objective To explore the correlation between serum iron levels and granulomatous lobular mastitis(GLM).Methods A total of 102 patients with GLM were admitted from May 2022 to May 2023.According to the disease course stage at the time of the patients' visit,they were divided into the mass stage group(29 cases),the abscess stage group(48 cases),and the remission stage group(25 cases).Compare the serum iron levels of patients with GLM at different stages.Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between serum iron levels and inflammatory indicators,and the changes in serum iron levels of patients before and after treatment remission were compared through follow-up.Results All the 102 GLM patients were female.The serum iron levels of patients in the abscess stage group,the mass stage group and the remission stage group were 12.8(10.20,17.50)μmol/L,12.8(10.20,17.50)μmol/L and 15.4(13.65,18.50)μmol/L,respectively.The abscess stage group was lower than the mass stage group and the remission stage group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.001).The results of bivariate Spearman correlation analysis showed that the serum iron levels were moderately negatively correlated with white blood cell count,neutrophil count and the percentage of neutrophils(r=-0.336,P=0.001;r=-0.361,P=0.001;r=-0.334,P＜0.01),low intensity negative correlation with monocyte count(r=-0.214,P=0.031),moderately positively correlated with the percentage of lymphocytes,the levels of interleukin(IL)-2,IL-4,IL-10(r=0.328,P＜0.01;r=0.494,P=0.023;r=0.514,P=0.017;r=0.478,P=0.028).Serum iron levels in 45 GLM follow-up patients after treatment remission were higher than those before remission[(15.09±4.78)μmol/L vs.(10.64±4.47)μmol/L,P＜0.001].Conclusion Serum iron level is associated with disease severity,inflammatory markers such as immune cells and cytokines,and disease outcome of GLM.

Objective To establish a stable,reliable,and clinically relevant porcine model of endotoxin-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS).Methods Ten 8-month-old male Bama minipigs were deeply sedated,followed by invasive mechanical ventilation and electrocardiographic monitoring.Lipopolysaccharide(LPS)was intravenously pumped at 600 μg/(kg·h)for 3 hours,then maintained at 15 μg/(kg·h)thereafter.Dynamic monitoring was performed at five time points after LPS injection(LPS 0,1,3,5,and 8 h),including arterial blood gas analysis and chest computed tomography(CT)scans.Pathological examination of lung tissues obtained via bronchoscopic biopsy(HE staining and transmission electron microscopy)was conducted.These indicators were comprehensively used to evaluate the success of the animal model.Results At 5 hours after LPS administration,8 minipigs developed symptoms such as skin cyanosis,elevated body temperature,and respiratory distress.The oxygenation index decreased to<300 mmHg.Chest CT scans showed diffuse pulmonary infiltrates.Histopathology revealed alveolar edema and hyaline membrane formation.Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated disruption of pulmonary blood-air barrier,depletion of lamellar bodies in type Ⅱ pneumocytes,inflammatory cell infiltration,and exudation of plasma proteins and fibrin.Compared with LPS 0 h,at LPS 8 h,the oxygenation index and arterial blood pH were significantly decreased(P<0.001),while blood lactic acid and serum potassium were significantly increased(P<0.05);serum calcium and base excess were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the lung injury score based on HE-stained lung sections was significantly increased(P<0.01).Conclusion The porcine ARDS model established by continuous LPS injection can dynamically simulate the pathophysiological characteristics and typical pathological manifestations of clinical septic ARDS,making it an effective tool to study the pathogenesis,prevention,and treatment strategies of septic ARDS.

Objective:To establish a high-performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of related substances in panamivir injection.Methods:The Waters Xbridge Peptide BEH C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,3.5 μm).Phosphate buffer-acetonitrile was used as mobile phase,gradient elution,flow rate 0.8 mL·min-1,column temperature 35℃,detection wavelength 210 nm.Results:Peramivir could be effectively separated from all known impurities,with a limit of quantification of 5.29-18.02 ng and a limit of detection of 1.59-5.41 ng,with a good linear relationship(r＞0.999 0)in the range of 200%of the limit of quantification to the limit concen-tration,and the average recovery rate of each impurity was 99.6%-106.8%(n=12).The results of three batches of peramivir injection samples showed that the known impurities and other largest single impurities were less than 0.2%,and the total impurities were less than 1.0%.Conclusion:Verified by analytical methodology,the method is convenient,fast,specific,sensitive,and accurate,and can be used for the determination of peramivir injection-related substances.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of serine protease inhibitor A3N(SerpinA3N)in alleviating reti-nal neural injury in diabetic mice by inhibiting Müller cell inflammation.Methods Thirty-six db/db mice(72 eyes)were randomly divided into the db/db group,the db/db+SerpinA3N-overexpressing adeno-associated virus(AAV-SerpinA3N)group,and the db/db+empty vector adeno-associated virus(NC-SerpinA3N)group,with 12 mice in each group.Twelve age-matched healthy male littermate mice were randomly selected as the healthy control group(db/m group).Mice in each group were sacrificed 4 weeks after the corresponding treatments.Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the co-localization of SerpinA3N and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)in the mouse retina.Hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining was used to observe histopathological changes in the retinal tissue.TUNEL staining was used to detect the apoptosis of reti-nal ganglion cells(RGCs).Immunohistochemistry was used to detect GFAP expression.ELISA was used to measure the levels of inflammatory factors[interleukin(IL)-1 β,IL-6,IL-18,and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)]in the retinal tis-sue.The predicted target genes of SerpinA3N were imported into the STRING database to construct a protein-protein inter-action(PPI)network.The highest-scoring target was selected based on the scores for molecular docking.Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of SerpinA3N,nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB),and spleen focus-forming virus proviral integration oncogene(Spi1)proteins in the retinal tissue.Results Immunofluorescence staining showed co-lo-calized expression of SerpinA3N and GFAP in the retinal tissue.Compared with the db/m group,the db/db,db/db+NC-SerpinA3N,and db/db+AAV-SerpinA3N groups showed decreased retinal thickness and RGC count,and increased number of TUNEL-positive cells,relative GFAP-positive expression intensity,levels of all inflammatory factors,and expression lev-els of NF-κB and Spi1 proteins,while SerpinA3N protein expression was decreased(all P＜0.05).Compared with the db/db group,the db/db+AAV-SerpinA3N group showed increased retinal thickness and RGC count,and decreased number of TUNEL-positive cells,relative GFAP-positive expression intensity,levels of all inflammatory factors,and expression levels of NF-κB and Spi1 proteins,while SerpinA3N protein expression was increased(all P＜0.05).Compared with the db/db+AAV-SerpinA3N group,the db/db+NC-SerpinA3N group showed decreased retinal thickness and RGC count,and increased number of TUNEL-positive cells,relative GFAP-positive expression intensity,levels of all inflammatory factors,and ex-pression levels of NF-κB and Spi1 proteins,while SerpinA3N protein expression was decreased(all P＜0.05).The PPI re-sults indicated an interaction between SerpinA3N and Spi1.Molecular docking results showed that Spi1 could form hydro-gen bonds with residues surrounding SerpinA3N.Conclusion Overexpression of SerpinA3N can inhibit Müller cell in-flammation and ameliorate retinal neural injury in diabetic mice,and the mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of the Spi1/NF-κB signaling pathway.

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of tributyrin(TB)on energy me-tabolism,oxidative stress and immune function in dairy cows with negative energy balance(NEB).In this study,25 perinatal Holstein cows from a dairy farm in Heilongjiang Province were selected.Five healthy cows were designated as the control group,and 20 cows with NEB were randomly di-vided into NEB control group,Propylene glycol(PG)group(300 mL PG),TB group(37.5 g TB)and PG+TB group(300 mL PG+37.5 g TB)with 5 cows in each group,and were continuously fed for 14 days.Blood samples were collected at 0,7,14 and 21 days.The indexes of oxidative stress,energy metabolism and immune function in the serum of dairy cows were quantified using commercially available kits.The results showed that compared with the NEB group,the contents of T-AOC,GSH-Px,CAT and SOD in the TB group were significantly increased,whereas the content of MDA was significantly decreased.These results indicated that TB can effectively alleviate the oxidative stress of cows with NEB.The contents of BHB,NEFA and BUN in the TB group were significantly decreased,indicating that TB can regulate energy metabolism disorders in cows with NEB.The contents of IL1β,IL-2,IL-6,IL-21,MIP-1 and IP-10 in the TB group were significantly decreased,while the contents of IgA,IgM and IgG were significantly increased.These results sug-gest that TB has shown significant effects in inhibiting inflammatory response and improving im-mune function.Furthermore,compared with the PG group,the contents of T-AOC,GSH-Px,CAT,SOD,IgA,IgM and IgG in the TB group and the PG+TB group were significantly in-creased,whereas the contents of MDA,BHB,NEFA,BUN,IL-1β,IL-2,IL-6,IL-21,MIP-1 and IP-10 were significantly decreased.These results indicated that feeding TB alone was effective in alle-viating oxidative stress,improving energy metabolism and inhibiting inflammation in dairy cows compared to feeding the traditional drug PG,and the effect of feeding a mixture of PG and TB was particularly significant.This study provides a new theoretical basis for the prevention and treat-ment of oxidative stress and immune function decline caused by perinatal cows with NEB.

The aim of this study is to investigate whether β-hydroxybutyrate(BHB)impaired the mitochondrial function of dairy cow monocytes through the peroxisome proliferator-activated re-ceptor γ coactivator 1 alpha(PGC-1α)signaling pathway.According to the clinical symptoms and the concentration of BHB in whole blood,the tail vein blood of 12 healthy cows(BHB＜1.2 mmol/L)and 12 clinical ketotic cows(CK,BHB＞3.0 mmol/L)was collected.In vivo,after isolation and purification of CD14+monocytes,the intracellular mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by flow cytometry.The protein abundance of oxidative phosphorylation complex cytochrome c oxi-dase subunit Ⅰ(CO Ⅰ),CO Ⅱ,CO Ⅲ,COⅣ,CO Ⅴ,PGC-1 α,mitochondrial transcription factor A(TFAM)and nuclear respiratory factor 1(NFR1)were determined by Western blot.In vitro,CD14+monocytes were co-cultured with 3.0 mmol/L BHB for 0,6,12,24 h.Flow cytometry was applied for intracellular mitochondrial membrane potential detection,and determination the protein abundance of PGC-1α,TFAM and NFR1 by Western blot.The results showed that compared with control group,the mitochondrial membrane potential in CD14+monocytes of ketotic cows was sig-nificantly increased,and the protein abundance of CO Ⅰ,CO Ⅱ,CO Ⅲ,CO Ⅳ,CO Ⅴ PGC-1α,TFAM,and NRF1 in CD14+monocytes of ketotic cows were significantly decreased.Compared with 0 h,the mitochondrial membrane potential of CD14+monocytes was significantly increased after BHB treatment for 6,12,24 h,and the protein abundance of PGC-1α,TFAM and NRF1 were significantly decreased.The results indicated that BHB induced mitochondrial dysfunction in CD14+monocytes of ketotic cows by inhibiting PGC-1α signaling pathway.Therefore,the PGC-1αsignaling pathway may be a preventive and therapeutic target to the mitochondrial dysfunction of monocytes in ketotic cows caused by BHB.