In recent years,the incidence and mortality of malignant tumors have been increasing year by year,becoming a se-rious challenge to global public health.Unlike traditional treatment methods,tumor immunotherapy activates the body's own immune system to against tumors,and has significant advantage such as minimal side effects,long-lasting efficacy,and strong targeting.Howev-er,immunotherapy also has issues such as frequent adverse reactions and high treatment costs.In order to enhance the efficacy of im-munotherapy,some phytochemicals are used in the field of immunotherapy as modulators.These phytochemicals not only increase the sensitivity of tumor cells to immune cells,but also reduce the expression of immune checkpoint proteins.Therefore,this article provides a review of phytochemicals that play an important role in tumor immunotherapy and their related mechanisms of action.

In recent years,the incidence and mortality of malignant tumors have been increasing year by year,becoming a se-rious challenge to global public health.Unlike traditional treatment methods,tumor immunotherapy activates the body's own immune system to against tumors,and has significant advantage such as minimal side effects,long-lasting efficacy,and strong targeting.Howev-er,immunotherapy also has issues such as frequent adverse reactions and high treatment costs.In order to enhance the efficacy of im-munotherapy,some phytochemicals are used in the field of immunotherapy as modulators.These phytochemicals not only increase the sensitivity of tumor cells to immune cells,but also reduce the expression of immune checkpoint proteins.Therefore,this article provides a review of phytochemicals that play an important role in tumor immunotherapy and their related mechanisms of action.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of recombinant human endostatin (rh-endostatin) combined with cis-platinum for patients with malignant pleural effusions.Methods A computer-based online search was performed through Elsevier, PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese BioMedical Literature Database and Wanfang Database.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the randomized controlled trials about short-term therapeutic effect of rh-endostatin combined with cis-platinum on malignant pleural effusions published until December 2015 were selected.Quality of the studies was assessed using modified Jadad scale.After data extraction, a Meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.3 software.Relative risk (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated.The Egger test was performed by Stata 12.0 software.Results Fourteen eligible randomized controlled trials were included in this Meta-analysis involving 1 330 patients,665 in cis-platinum alone group(control group), and 665 in rh-endostatin combined with cis-platinum group(treatment group).The results showed that there were significant improvements in overall response rate (ORR) [73.53% vs 45.41%,RR=1.62,95%CI(1.47,1.78),P<0.000 01] and the rate of quality of life improvement [71.65% vs 46.94%,RR=1.52,95%CI(1.38,1.68),P<0.000 01] in the treatment group, as compared with those of the control group.Meanwhile, there were no statistically significant differences in the rate of cardio toxicity [10.38% vs 5.77%,RR=1.73,95%CI(0.99,3.03),P=0.06].Conclusion This Meta-analysis indicated that in comparison with cis-platinum alone, rh-endostatin combined with cis-platinum has a better therapeutic effect on malignant pleural effusions.

Objective·To investigate effect and the possible molecular mechanism of JQ1,a specific inhibitor of bromodomain containing protein 4,on human hypertropic scar.Methods·Primary fibroblasts were isolated from human hypertrophic scars and treated with JQ-1 of different concentrations (0.1,0.5,1.0,2.0,2.5,and 12.5μmol/L) for 48 h.Then CCK-8 kit and wound healing assay were used to measure proliferation and migration of the fibroblasts.ELISA was adopted to detect the levels of collagen type Ⅰ (COL Ⅰ) and TGF-β1 after JQ-1 treatment for 24 h.Thirty-six nude mice were used for hypertrophic scar models.Human hypertrophic scars (1.0 cm× 1.0 cm×0.5 cm) were grafted subcutaneously at the backs of nude mice to establish scar animal models.After 4 weeks,the nude mice were averagely divided into two groups,i.e.JQ-1 group and DMSO group,which were respectively injected with 0.5 μmol/L JQ-1 and 0.1％ DMSO each mouse every day.COL Ⅰ / Ⅲ and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were examined by immunohistochemical method and sirius red staining.Results·Cell experiments showed that JQ-1 with the concentration of 0.5 μmol/L and above significantly inhibited proliferation of fibroblasts (P＜0.01).JQ-1 inhibited migration of fibroblast (P＜0.01).JQ-1 inhibited secretion of COL Ⅰ and TGF-β1 of fibroblasts (P＜0.01).Animal experiments showed that concentration and proportion of COL Ⅰ / Ⅲ in JQ-1 group decreased compared to DMSO group (P＜0.05).α-SMA protein expression in JQ-1 group also decreased (P＜0.05).Conclusion·JQ-1 can inhibit proliferation,migration,secretion of COL Ⅰ,and production of TGF-β1 of human sear fibroblasts in vitro;it can also inhibit secretion of COL Ⅰ /Ⅲ and fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation in the human hypertrophic scars in nude mice.

Objective To analyze the differences in the clinical characteristics,endoscopy,pathology and therapy between the patients with new onset ulcerative colitis(UC) in the elderly versus youth and middle-aged patients.Methods A review analysis was carried out in the 178 hospitalized patients with UC in Third Hospital of Peking University from 1994 to 2010.The patients were divided into two groups according to the age of onset:UC onset at age of 60 years and older were enrolled in elderly group; UC onset at age less than sixty years were enrolled in youth and middle-aged group.The data of clinical manifestation,endoscopy,pathology,laboratory test,the severity of disease classification and therapy were analyzed and compared between the two groups.Results The elderly group consisted of 21 men and 6 women.The youth and middle-aged group consisted of 83 men and 68 women.The ratio of male was higher in elderly group than in youth and middle-aged group (77.8％ vs.55.0％,P＜0.05).No significant difference in the clinical type of UC was observed (P＞0.05).The ratio of abdominal pain in elderly group was lower than in youth and middle-aged group (44.4％ vs.78.8％,P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in other symptoms,laboratory test and the severity of disease between the two groups (all P＞0.05).The ratio of Grade Ⅰ and Ⅱwas much higher in the elderly than in youth-middle-aged group(70.4％ vs.39.9％,P＜0.05),but the ratio of Grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ was much lower in the elderly than in youth-middle group(29.6％ vs.60.1％,P＜0.05).No significant differences between the two groups were found in the extent of disease,pathological characteristics and therapy (all P＞0.05).Conclusions Compared with the youth and middle-aged patients with onset UC,the ratio of male patients was higher,the ratio of abdominal pain was lower,and the severity of endoscopic manifestation was less in the elderly patients with onset UC.

Eignt compounds were isolated from the roots of Alinarubella Hance. They were identified as quinovic acid(Ⅰ), 3-oxo-urs-12-ene-27, 28-dioic acid (Ⅱ). quinovic acid-3? -O-?-D-glucopyranoside(Ⅲ ), quinovie acid-3?-O-?-L-rhamnopyranoside(Ⅳ). noreugenin (Ⅴ ), 7 -O-?-D-glucosyl- noreugenin(Ⅵ), scopo letin(Ⅶ), daucosterol(Ⅷ), by means of spectral analysis and reactions, Ⅱ, Ⅲ snd Ⅳ are isolated from the genus adina for the first time.