Objective To analyze the data of road traffic accidents, deaths and injuries in 31 provinces and municipalities in China from 2010 to 2017, and to predict that the number of deaths and injuries caused by road accidents set in the sustainable development goals (SDGs) will be halved by 2020 compared with the target set in 2015. Methods Describing and analyzing the current situation of road traffic accidents in 31 provinces and municipalities in China, and using the trend extrapolation method to predict whether the SDGs target can be achieved by 2020. Results The numbers of traffic accidents, deaths and injuries in Guangdong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shandong Provinces showed a downward trend from 2010 to 2017, but still ranked the front in China. In 2017, Beijing had the highest death rate followed by Guizhou as the second, and Guizhou had the highest injury rate followed by Tianjin as the second. The projected results showed that the numbers of deaths and injuries caused by road traffic accidents in China would be increased by 17% and 1.3% respectively in 2020 indicating that SDGs target could not be met. Among the 31 provinces/municipalities, it was predicted that the numbers of deaths and injuries in Hunan would be reduced to 50.7% and 65.3% in 2015, respectively by 2020, and the target could be achieved; the number of injuries in Shanghai was decreased by 83.3%, but the deaths was only decreased by 34.5%, and there was still a gap with the target; the rest 29 provinces/municipalities could not meet SDGs target. It was expected that the deaths in 11 provinces and municipalities would increase by 2020, with Beijing, Jilin, Jiangxi, Hubei and Guizhou Provinces showing the most significant growth. The number of injured people in 8 provinces and municipalities shows an increasing trend, with Jilin, Jiangxi, Hubei and Guizhou provinces showing significant growth. Conclusions Except for Hunan Province, it was difficult for the whole country and the rest provinces and municipalities to reach the SDGs target. According to the forecast results and the actual situation, a targeted scientific prevention and control strategy can be formulated. The measures taken by Hunan and Shanghai in traffic accident prevention and control were effective and worth learning.

Objective:To investigate the effect of Astragalus polysaccharides on apoptosis,transdifferentiation and ROS content in renal tubular epithelial cells of diabetic nephropathy.Methods:HK-2 cells were divided into low glucose group,high glucose group and astragalus polysaccharide+high glucose group,cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay after 48 h;cell apoptosis and ROS content was detected by flow cytometry;the expression of E-cadherin,α-SMA,STAT1,STAT3,p-STAT1,p-STAT3 protein were detected by Western blot.Results:The survival rate of cells in high glucose group was significantly lower than low sugar group (P<0.01),cell apoptosis rate,ROS content and E-cadherin,α-SMA,p-STAT1 and p-STAT3 protein expression was significantly higher than low sugar group (P<0.01),the cell survival rate in high glucose+astragalus polysaccharide group was significantly higher than high glucose group,cell apoptosis rate,ROS content and E-cadherin,α-SMA,p-STAT1 and p-STAT3 protein expression was significantly lower than high glucose group (P<0.01).Conclusion:Astragalus polysaccharides can promote the proliferation of renal tubular epithelial cells induced by high glucose,inhibit apoptosis and transdifferentiation,and the mechanism is related to down regulation of JAK/STAT signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVETo explore the value of of CD, MPO, Ki-67, C-MYC positive rates in the pathological tissues and C-MYC gene of patients with T-LBL/ALL for predicting Prognosis.

METHODSNinty cases of T-LBL/ALL patients in our hospital were selected and included in the T-LBL/ALL group, and 30 cases of lymphnode reactive hyperplasia were selected as control group. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the changes of CD, MPO, Ki-67 and C-MYC positive rate in 2 groups, and the changes of C-MYC gene were detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization.

RESULTSIn 90 patients with T-LBL/ALL, there were CD1a34 cases (37.8%), CD367 cases (74.4%), epsilon CD347 cases (52.2%), CD785 cases (94.4%), CD1033 cases (36.7%), CD3422 cases (24.4%), CD4348 cases (53.3%), CD45RO46 cases (51.1%), CD9988 cases (97.8%), TDT85 cases (94.4%); and CD23, CD20, and MPO all were negative; Ki-67>80% 47 cases (52.2% cases), Ki-67≤80%, 43 cases (47.8%). In 90 T-LBL/ALL patients, the positive rate of C-MYC (66.7%) was significantly higher than the control group (positive rate 0.0%) (P< 0.05); the Ki-67 index, mediastinal widening of T-LBL/ALL patients and the positive rate of C-MYC positively were correlated (P< 0.05). The overall survival rate (44.0%) of C-MYC negative patients was significantly higher than that of C-MYC positive patients (0.0%). The overall survival rate of C-MYC negative patients was significantly higher than that of C-MYC positive patients (P< 0.05).Ann Arbor staging, LDH, bone marrow involvement, mediastinal widening, Ki-67 positive index, and C-MYC protein expression of patients with T-LBL/ALL did not correlated with increased C-MYC gene breakage and copy number (P> 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe overall survival rate of C-MYC positive patients decreases, which positively correlates with Ki-67 positive index and mediastinal width, suggesting that the prognosis of the patients with C-MYC protein expression is poorer.

Background: Disease-modifying therapy is the standard treatment for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) in remission. The primary objective of the current analysis was to assess the efficacy and safety of two teriflunomide doses (7 mg and 14 mg) in the subgroup of Chinese patients with relapsing MS included in the TOWER study. Methods: TOWER was a multicenter, multinational, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group (three groups), placebo-controlled study. This subgroup analysis includes 148 Chinese patients randomized to receive either teriflunomide 7 mg (n = 51), teriflunomide 14 mg (n = 43), or placebo (n = 54). Results: Of the 148 patients in the intent-to-treat population, adjusted annualized relapse rates were 0.63 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.44, 0.92) in the placebo group, 0.48 (95% CI: 0.33, 0.70) in the teriflunomide 7 mg group, and 0.18 (95% CI: 0.09, 0.36) in the teriflunomide 14 mg group; this corresponded to a significant relative risk reduction in the teriflunomide 14 mg group versus placebo (-71.2%, P = 0.0012). Teriflunomide 14 mg also tended to reduce 12-week confirmed disability worsening by 68.1% compared with placebo (hazard ratio: 0.319, P = 0.1194). There were no differences across all treatment groups in the proportion of patients with treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs; 72.2% in the placebo group, 74.5% in the teriflunomide 7 mg group, and 69.8% in the teriflunomide 14 mg group); corresponding proportions for serious adverse events were 11.1%, 3.9%, and 11.6%, respectively. The most frequently reported TEAEs with teriflunomide versus placebo were neutropenia, increased alanine aminotransferase, and hair thinning. Conclusions: Teriflunomide was as effective and safe in the Chinese subpopulation as it was in the overall population of patients in the TOWER trial. Teriflunomide has the potential to meet unmet medical needs for MS patients in China. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00751881; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00751881?term=NCT00751881&rank=1.
China ; Crotonates ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Double-Blind Method ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Multicenter Studies as Topic ; Multiple Sclerosis ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Toluidines ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use

BACKGROUNDDepression is often comorbid with chronic somatic diseases. Few previous studies have investigated the prevalence of somatic diseases in depression or the prescription pattern of antidepressants in comorbidly depressed patients in Asia. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of somatic comorbidity (SC) in depression and compared the prescriptions of antidepressants in depressed patients with and without SC.

METHODSA total of 2320 patients treated with antidepressants in 8 Asian countries were examined, and a diagnosis was based on the International Classification of Disease, 10 th revision. We listed 17 common chronic somatic diseases. Patients' socio-demographic and clinical characteristics and psychotropic drug prescriptions were recorded using a standardized protocol and data collection procedure.

RESULTSOf the patients examined, 1240 were diagnosed with depression and 30% of them (n = 375) had SC. The most common comorbid condition was diabetes (23.7%). The patients with SC were more likely to seek help at a general hospital (74.7% vs. 47.2%), and had a higher incidence of symptoms involving sadness, disturbed sleep, and poor appetite. Noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant was prescribed more for patients with SC than for those without SC (30.4% vs. 22.9%).

CONCLUSIONSSC is common in depressed Asian patients. It is important to strengthen the recognition of depression, especially in general hospitals and when patients report some somatic discomfort. It is also a matter of urgency to establish evidence-based guidelines for the use of new antidepressants in depressed patients with SC.

Adult ; Antidepressive Agents ; therapeutic use ; Asia ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Depression ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; Drug Prescriptions ; statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence

INTRODUCTIONChronic bacterial, viral and parasitic infections contribute to the morbidity and mortality associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. This study investigated risk factors and time-trends of the seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus (CMV), toxoplasmosis and hepatitis A total antibody; and co-infection with syphilis, hepatitis B and hepatitis C among newly diagnosed HIV individuals in Singapore.

MATERIALS AND METHODSThis was a cross-sectional study. A random sample of 50% of HIV infected patients who visited the Communicable Disease Centre (CDC), Singapore for first-time care from January 2006 to December 2011 were analysed.

RESULTSAmong the 793 study subjects, 93.4% were male; 77.9% of them were of Chinese ethnicity; mean age at HIV diagnosis was 41.4 years; and the mean baseline CD4+ T-cell count was 222 cells/mm³. The prevalence of sero-reactivity for CMV was 96.8%; hepatitis A: 40.9%; and toxoplasmosis: 23.7%. Co-infection with syphilis was identified in 12.3%; hepatitis B: 8.1%; and hepatitis C: 2%. Among those co-infected with hepatitis C, 73.3% of them were intravenous drug user (IVDU). Syphilis co-infection was significantly more common among men who have sex with men (MSM) (multivariate OR: 2.53, 95% CI, 1.31 to 4.90, P = 0.006).

CONCLUSIONThis study described the baseline rates of HIV co-infection with syphilis, hepatitis B and C in Singapore, and sero-reactivity to CMV, toxoplasmosis and hepatitis A. The increased rates compared to the general population may have important consequences for disease progression, response to antiretroviral treatment and long-term general health.

Adult ; Coinfection ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Cytomegalovirus ; isolation & purification ; Cytomegalovirus Infections ; blood ; epidemiology ; Female ; HIV Infections ; epidemiology ; Hepacivirus ; isolation & purification ; Hepatitis, Viral, Human ; blood ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Odds Ratio ; Risk Factors ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Singapore ; epidemiology ; Syphilis ; blood ; epidemiology ; Time Factors ; Toxoplasmosis ; blood ; epidemiology

OBJECTIVESpinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a common and fatal autosomal recessive disorder. Approximately 94% of SMA patients are caused by homozygous deletion of SMN1 gene. SMA carrier screening is recommended considering the high carrier frequency (1 in 35-50) as well as severity of the disease.

METHODSA prospective population-based cohort study was carried out on 4719 pregnant women from Shanghai region. Copy numbers of SMN1 and SMN2 genes were effectively determined with denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) technique. The method has detected 94% of SMA cases with deletion or conversion of the SMN1 genes.

RESULTSNinety SMA carriers with only one copy of the SMN1 gene were identified among the 4719 pregnant woman. The carrier rate was 1.9%. Respectively, 1.2% and 0.6% of the carriers were caused by SMN1 gene deletion and SMN1 gene conversion.

CONCLUSIONThrough this study, we have determined the frequency of SMA mutation carriers in a population of pregnant women. The result may provide a basis for genetic counseling in order to reduce the rate of SMA affected births.

Adult ; China ; Female ; Gene Deletion ; Genetic Testing ; methods ; Humans ; Muscular Atrophy, Spinal ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; methods ; Prospective Studies ; Survival of Motor Neuron 1 Protein ; genetics ; Survival of Motor Neuron 2 Protein ; genetics ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the feasibility of 3-Dimensional (3-D) model reconstruction of penis and surrounding structures based on magnetic resonance images, which may provide the model building method for modeling surgery of individual penoplasty.

METHODSMagnetic resonance (MR) images of penis with different imaging parameters were evaluated. With the surface rendering construction, the 3D virtual model was established by Amira software.

RESULTSThe anatomical details imaging is better in T2-weighted fast spin-echo images with 3.0 mm slice thickness. The established model based on the MR images can show the soft-tissue, suspensory ligament of the penis. The suspensory ligament stretches between the pubic symphysis and the corpora cavernosa. The penile roots attach to inferior ramus of pubis.

CONCLUSIONSMR imaging provides enough anatomical information for modeling. It can be used for the development of model surgery system of individual penoplasty.

Adult ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Models, Anatomic ; Penis ; anatomy & histology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the biomechanics of treatment for lumbar spondlolisthesis using nail-grooved tail steel plate and WDFC (Wendeng Fusion Cage) implant.

METHODSThere were nine permanent waist-sacrum wet bone (L3-S3) in 1 to 2 clay-cold hours including 6 men and 3 women. They were seldom separated into 3 groups, which were fixed by nail-grooved fail plus WDFC. The model was separate into two kinds for single and across. With electrometry, deal experiment date with Graftool software. Each piece should be tested twice respectively.

RESULTSThe single and across segment non-destructive compression experiment. No-mid-compression from 0 to 750 N,the related coefficient and curves had no obvious change on inclined rate. In the single segment curvedly serial experiment, the stress at all point measured by two sides steel plate-was mostly linear growth. In the across segment curvedly serial experiment, the inclined rate become big and appear anisomerous.

CONCLUSIONIt's proved by biomechanics that the steel plates with single furrow and cylinder wing plus WDFC has a good stability to cure lumbar vertebra slips.

Adult ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bone Nails ; Bone Plates ; Female ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; surgery ; Male ; Spinal Fusion ; instrumentation ; Spondylolisthesis ; physiopathology ; surgery

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of serum cytokines concentrations and A- PACHE scores in evaluating the illness state for critical trauma patients.Methods A clinical prospective self-control trial was performed,in which 36 patients admitted to ICU by SIRS were enrolled.Objects were divided into mild and severe trauma group according to APACHE score.The TNF-?and IL-6 concentrations were determined on the 1st, 3rd and 5th day of admission,the APACHE score were assessed at the same time.Statistic analysis was performed according to this group.Results The TNF-?concentrations decreased continuously in the following days while IL-6 decreased from the 7th day in the mild trauma group.In the severe trauma group the TNF-?and IL-6,APACHE score concentrations kept increasing.There was a significant difference of TNF-?and IL-6 concentrations between severe trauma and mild trauma group.Conclusion Dynamic measurement of TNF-?and IL-6 concentrations with APACHE score provide great help to evaluate the illness state and predict the prognosis.