Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality, posing a significant threat to human health due to the high incidence rate. Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease, serves as the primary pathological basis for most such conditions. The incidence of atherosclerosis continues to rise, but its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. As an important member of the small GTPase superfamily, Ras-association proximate 1 (Rap1) is an important molecular switch involved in the regulation of multiple physiological functions including cell differentiation, proliferation, and adhesion. Rap1 achieves the utility of the molecular switch by cycling between Rap1-GTP and Rap1-GDP. Rap1 may influence the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis in a cell-specific manner. This article summarizes the potential role and mechanism of Rap1 in the progression of atherosclerosis in different cells, aiming to provide new therapeutic targets and strategies for clinical intervention.
Humans ; Atherosclerosis/metabolism* ; rap1 GTP-Binding Proteins/physiology* ; Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Proliferation

Under the background of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, together with 15 national ministries and commissions, has formulated the Implementation Plan on Establishing a Carbon Footprint Management System, and it is urgent for traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) pharmaceutical enterprises to carry out research on carbon footprint accounting methods of related products. Based on the life cycle assessment(LCA) theory, taking mulberry leaf extract produced by a certain enterprise as an example, this study analyzed the carbon footprint of TCM extracts during the life cycle. The results show that for every 1 kg of product produced, the carbon emissions from the stages of raw material acquisition, transportation, and extract production are-20.569, 1.205, and 173.577 kgCO_2eq(CO_2 equivalent), respectively. The carbon footprint of the product is 154.213 kgCO_2eq·kg~(-1). In addition, the carbon emission is the highest in the production stage, in which the consumption of ethanol solvents makes the greatest contribution to the carbon footprint, accounting for 25.71%, more than one-fourth of the total carbon footprint. The second contribution was from the treatment process of TCM residues, accounting for 19.67%, closely followed by wastewater treatment(17.71%), the consumption of hot steam(17.43%), and drinking water(16.90%). The consumption of electric power and packaging materials has a smaller carbon emission of 2.58%. In particular, the carbon emission caused by the consumption of packaging materials is only 0.04%, which is negligible. The results of the study are expected to provide a reference for TCM enterprises to carry out research on the carbon footprint of products, offer ideas for collaborative innovation in reducing pollution and carbon emissions throughout the entire industry chain of TCM, and develop new quality productivity of modern TCM industry based on green and low-carbon manufacturing.
Morus/chemistry* ; Plant Leaves/chemistry* ; Carbon Footprint ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Plant Extracts/analysis* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Recent studies have shown that an imbalance in iron metabolism can affect the composition and microstructural changes of bone, disrupting bone homeostasis and leading to osteoporosis(OP). The imbalance in iron metabolism, along with its induced local abnormal microenvironment and cellular iron death, has become a new focal point in OP research, drawing increasing attention from the academic community regarding the regulation of iron metabolism to prevent and manage OP. From the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), iron metabolism imbalance has potential connections to TCM theories regarding internal organs, as well as treatments aimed at tonifying the kidney, strengthening the spleen, and activating blood circulation. Evidence is continually emerging that TCMs and effective components that tonify the kidney, strengthen the spleen, and activate blood circulation can prevent and manage OP by regulating iron metabolism. This article analyzes the relationship between iron and bone, as well as the effects of TCM formulations on improving iron metabolism and influencing bone metabolism, from the perspectives of iron metabolism mechanisms and TCM interventions, aiming to broaden existing clinical strategies for prevention and treatment and inject new momentum into the field of OP as it moves into a new era.
Osteoporosis/drug therapy* ; Humans ; Iron/metabolism* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Animals ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Bone and Bones/drug effects*

OBJECTIVE: To explore the surgical method and clinical efficacy of hip arthroplasty in the treatment of old non-union femoral intertrochanteric fractures. METHODS: Fifteen unoperated patients suffering from old non-union femoral intertrochanteric fractures from Feburary 2013 to Feburary 2023 were treated with hip arthroplasty including 9 males and 6 females, aged 71 to 82 years old. Eleven cases detected deep venous thrombosis(DVT), 9 cases received lower vena cava filter implantation. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative and postoperative blood transfusion, postoperative hemoglobin content, procedure-related complications, and the range of motion of hip flexion, abduction motion were recorded. The degree of hip pain was evaluated using a visual analogue scale(VAS). The hip Harris scores were used to evaluated the clinical efficacy. RESULTS: All patients were followed up for 3 to 12 months. The intraoperative blood loss was 200 to 400 ml, intraoperative blood transfusion was 0 to 400 ml, and the operation time was 40 to 90 min. All 15 patients had different degrees of anemia after surgery, the 3 days postoperative hemoglobin was 72 to 97 g·L^-1, and the postoperative transfusion volume was 0 to 400 ml. All patients had no periprosthetic infection, poor incision healing, lower limb deep vein thrombosis, and cerebral infarction. One case occurred in the early postoperative period, which disappeared from 4 to 5 days after operation, and there was no further revision at the last follow-up. The VAS was 6 to 7 points before operation and 2 to 4 points at latest follow-up;the hip Harris score was 2 to 13 points before operation and 73 to 84 points at latest follow-up. CONCLUSION The unoperated patients of old non-union femoral intertrochanteric fractures had significant clinical and imaging characteristics. Hip arthroplasty combined with or without femoral calcar reconstruction in the treatment of old non-union femoral intertrochanteric fractures had the advantages of relatively simple manipulation, rigid fixation, relatively safe operation, and relatively exact efficacy.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Aged ; Hip Fractures/physiopathology* ; Aged, 80 and over ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip/methods*

Drug repurposing offers a promising alternative to traditional drug development and significantly reduces costs and timelines by identifying new therapeutic uses for existing drugs. However, the current approaches often rely on limited data sources and simplistic hypotheses, which restrict their ability to capture the multi-faceted nature of biological systems. This study introduces adaptive multi-view learning (AMVL), a novel methodology that integrates chemical-induced transcriptional profiles (CTPs), knowledge graph (KG) embeddings, and large language model (LLM) representations, to enhance drug repurposing predictions. AMVL incorporates an innovative similarity matrix expansion strategy and leverages multi-view learning (MVL), matrix factorization, and ensemble optimization techniques to integrate heterogeneous multi-source data. Comprehensive evaluations on benchmark datasets (Fdataset, Cdataset, and Ydataset) and the large-scale iDrug dataset demonstrate that AMVL outperforms state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods, achieving superior accuracy in predicting drug-disease associations across multiple metrics. Literature-based validation further confirmed the model's predictive capabilities, with seven out of the top ten predictions corroborated by post-2011 evidence. To promote transparency and reproducibility, all data and codes used in this study were open-sourced, providing resources for processing CTPs, KG, and LLM-based similarity calculations, along with the complete AMVL algorithm and benchmarking procedures. By unifying diverse data modalities, AMVL offers a robust and scalable solution for accelerating drug discovery, fostering advancements in translational medicine and integrating multi-omics data. We aim to inspire further innovations in multi-source data integration and support the development of more precise and efficient strategies for advancing drug discovery and translational medicine.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) with increasing global prevalence lacks effective therapeutic targets to halt or reverse its progression. Therapeutic targets supported by causal genetic evidence are more likely to succeed in randomized clinical trials. In this study, we integrated large-scale plasma proteomics, genetic-driven causal inference, and experimental validation to identify prioritized targets for DKD using the UK Biobank (UKB) and FinnGen cohorts. Among 2844 diabetic patients (528 with DKD), we identified 37 targets significantly associated with incident DKD, supported by both observational and causal evidence. Of these, 22% (8/37) of the potential targets are currently under investigation for DKD or other diseases. Our prospective study confirmed that higher levels of three prioritized targets-insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4 (IGFBP4), family with sequence similarity 3 member C (FAM3C), and prostaglandin D2 synthase (PTGDS)-were associated with a 4.35, 3.51, and 3.57-fold increased likelihood of developing DKD, respectively. In addition, population-level protein-altering variants (PAVs) analysis and in vitro experiments cross-validated FAM3C and IGFBP4 as potential new target candidates for DKD, through the classic NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3)-caspase-1-gasdermin D (GSDMD) apoptotic axis. Our results demonstrate that integrating omics data mining with causal inference may be a promising strategy for prioritizing therapeutic targets.

Objective To investigate the effect of grape seed proanthocyanidins(GSPs)on nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)antioxidant system and mitochondrial biosynthesis in testes of arsenic-exposed mice.Methods ICR mice were randomly divided into four groups:Control group,model group,GSPs group and experimental group.The mice in the model group and the experimental group drank sodium arsenite solution(10 mg·L-1 arsenic)to induce testicular injury.GSPs group and experimental group were given 100 mg·kg-1 GSPs by gavage,control group and model group were given equal volume of distilled water by gavage once a day for 8 weeks.The histological parameters of testes were measured by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.The contents of malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and adenosine triphosphate(ATP)in testicular tissue were determined by kit method.The expression levels of heme oxygenase 1(HO-1)and quinone oxidoreductase 1(NQ01)were detected by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).The expression of Nrf2 protein in testicular tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry.The expressions of mitochondrial synthesis-related proteins were detected by Western blot.Results The diameters of seminiferous tubules in control group,model group,GSPs group and experimental group were(184.32±14.14),(170.41±10.70),(186.87±8.03)and(181.70±9.15)μm;the contents of MDA were(2.30±0.26),(3.28±0.64),(2.32±0.40)and(2.74±0.31)nmol·mg-1;the proportions of Nrf2 positive cells were(46.50±11.98)％,(22.33±8.82)％,(51.67±12.44)％and(39.83±8.35)％;the mRNA expression levels of HO-1 were 1.00±0.21,0.51±0.10,1.00±0.28 and 0.80±0.06;the mRNA expression levels of NQO1 were 1.00±0.18,0.59±0.11,1.09±0.28 and 0.81±0.08;the contents of ATP were(491.83±67.16),(368.81±69.93),(512.44±70.96)and(472.20±68.24)μmol·g-1;the relative expression levels of PGC-1α protein were 1.00±0.06,0.22±0.03,0.94±0.05 and 0.48±0.05;the relative expression levels of TFAM were 1.00±0.07,0.32±0.05,0.80±0.05 and 0.67±0.06.The above indexes in the experimental group were statistically significant compared with the model group(all P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Conclusion GSPs has a protective effect against arsenic-induced testicular injury in mice by activating the Nfr2 antioxidant system and promoting mitochondrial biosynthesis.

The adulteration and counterfeiting of herbal ingredients in medicinal and food homology (MFH) have a serious impact on the quality of herbal materials, thereby endangering human health. Compared to pharmaceutical drugs, health products derived from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are more easily accessible and closely integrated into consumers' daily life. However, the authentication of the authenticity of TCM ingredients in MFH has not received sufficient attention. The lack of clear standards emphasizes the necessity of conducting systematic research in this area. This study utilized DNA barcoding technology, combining ITS2, psbA-trnH, matK as universal barcode sequences, and DX, HH, JYH as specific barcode sequences, to identify the authenticity of commercial medicinal and food homology scented herbal teas. The aim was to investigate the authenticity of scented herbal tea products circulating in the market. The research results revealed that among 180 scented herbal tea samples, DNA barcodes were successfully obtained from 164 samples, while the remaining samples either lacked the target components or suffered severe DNA degradation, resulting in failed amplification. Combined with morphological identification studies, it was found that out of the 180 samples, 141 were authentic, accounting for 78.33% of the total samples, while 31 samples showed adulteration and 8 samples lacked the target components, accounting for 21.67% of the total samples. Additionally, water testing revealed that 5 samples of Carthamus tinctorius herbal tea exhibited the phenomenon of weight adulteration. This study exposed the presence of adulteration and weight adulteration in scented herbal tea products, highlighting the need for regulatory authorities to expedite the establishment of quality standards in scented herbal tea industry. These findings provide valuable insights for the rapid development of the scented herbal tea industry.

Objective To investigate the preliminary clinical effect of closed reduction and cannulated nail internal fixa-tion for femoral neck fracture assisted by robot navigation and positioning system.Methods From July 2019 to January 2020,16 cases of femoral neck fracture(navigation group)were treated with closed reduction and internal fixation guided by robot system,including 7 males and 9 females,aged 25 to 72 years old with an average of(53.61±5.45)years old;Garden classification of fracture:3 cases of type Ⅰ,3 cases of type Ⅱ,8 cases of type Ⅲ,2 cases of type Ⅳ.Non navigation group(control group):20 cases of femoral neck fracture were treated with closed reduction and hollow nail internal fixation,8 males and 12 females,aged 46 to 70 years old with an average of(55.23±4.64)years old;Garden type Ⅰ in 2 cases,type Ⅱ in 4 cases,type Ⅲ in 11 cases,type Ⅳ in 3 cases.The operation time,fluoroscopy times,guide needle drilling times,screw adjustment times,intraoperative bleeding volume and other indicators of two groups were evaluated.Results Both groups were followed up for 12 to 18 months with an average of(15.6±2.8)months.The fractures of both groups were healed without delayed union and nonunion.There was no significant difference in healing time between two groups(P=0.782).There was no significant differ-ence in Harris scores between two groups at the last follow-up(P=0.813).There was no significant difference in operation time between two groups(P＞0.05).There were significant differences between two groups in fluoroscopy times,guide needle drilling times,hollow screw replacement times,and intraoperative bleeding volume(P＜0.05).Conclusion Closed reduction and hollow screw internal fixation assisted by robot navigation system for femoral neck fracture has the advantages of minimally invasive operation,precise screw placement,and reduction of X-ray radiation damage during operation.

Objective:To investigate the effect of deacylase Sirtuin 5 in the recovery of hematopoietic stem cells(HSCs)after treated by 5-FU in mouse.Methods:Flow cytometry was used to analyze the effect of SIRT5 deletion on the proportion of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells(HSPCs)in bone marrow(BM),the proportion of T cells,B cells and myeloid cells(TBM)in peripheral blood(PB)and spleen,and the development of T cells in thymus.Mouse were treated with 5-FU to study the effect of SIRT5 deletion on the cell cycle,apoptosis and the proportion of HSPCs in BM.The effect of SIRT5 deletion on the proliferation of HSCs was analyzed by flow sorting in vitro.Results:SIRT5 deletion did not affect the development of T cells in thymus and the proportion of TBM cells in PB and spleen compared with wild type mice.SIRT5 deletion increased proportion of HSPCs in BM.After 5-FU treatment,the proportion of HSCs in SIRT5 deletion mice was significant decreased(P＜0.05),the HSPC in SIRT5 deletion mice was activated from G0 to G1 phase(P＜0.05),and the proportion of early apoptosis increased(P＜0.05).By monoclonal culture in vitro,the ability of HSCs to form clones in SIRT5 deletion mice was decreased significantly(P＜0.05).Conclusion:SIRT5 deletion lead to a decreased the ability of HSCs to clone in vitro.SIRT5 deletion is not conducive to the recovery of HSPCs injury in mice under hematopoietic stress.