Purpose: Intertrochanteric fractures often involve comminuted fractures, particularly around the intertrochanteric ridge, including the greater and lesser trochanters. In cases with comminuted fractures in the posterior region, maintaining a stable reduction of the anteriormedial region of the fracture surface is essential. Therefore, this study examined the morphologic features of the anterior femur for stable reduction by analyzing the anterior region of intertrochanteric fractures using three-dimensional computed tomography. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study analyzed the imaging data of 51 patients aged 60 years and older who underwent a surgical treatment for intertrochanteric fractures at a single institution from April 2013 to March 2023. The sample contained 15 male patients with an average age of 81.9 years and 36 female patients with an average age of 83.7 years. Forty patients (78.4%) had two or more comorbidities. The bone mineral density was assessed in all cases except for five (9.8%). Results: In 49 cases (96.1%), the anterior fracture line followed the intertrochanteric line and passed through two bony prominences.In two cases (3.9%), the fracture line ran below the intertrochanteric line and involved a large fragment of the lesser trochanter. As the fracture line passed through the inferior medial bony prominence, it exhibited an S-shaped pattern rather than a straight line. The inferior medial bony prominence consisted of cortical bone, with an average thickness of 6.4±1.4 mm, which was significantly thicker than the surrounding average cortical bone thickness (1.5±0.6 mm) but thinner than the cortical bone thickness of the femoral shaft (7.3±1.3 mm).The fracture line in the superior lateral region of the intertrochanteric line included cancellous bone with a cortical bone thickness of 1.1±0.6 mm, which was thin. Conclusion The anterior fracture line followed the femoral intertrochanteric line and curves as it passed through the inferior medial bony prominence. The inferior medial bony prominence, consisting of cortical bone, was significantly thicker than the surrounding average cortical bone.

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and safety of renal artery embolization (RAE) via transradial access (TRA) in patients with renal angiomyolipoma (AML) or renal hemorrhage. Materials and Methods: Data were collected for this prospective single-center study from 50 patients (51 ± 12 years; male:female, 11:39) who underwent RAE for renal AML (n = 46) or renal hemorrhage (n = 4) between November 2020 and January 2024. Patients with a Barbeau D waveform or a radial artery diameter of <1.5 mm were excluded. Technical success in patients with renal AML and renal hemorrhage was defined as achieving selective catheterization of the culprit artery with embolization, leading to flow stasis and the absence of bleeding evidence, respectively. Clinical success was indicated by a reduction in AML size on follow-up CT scans and the absence of bleeding signs without necessitating additional RAE. The EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-level (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire was utilized to assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Results: In one patient with AML, embolization could not be performed following selective catheterization and angiography due to the lack of visible tumor vascularity, resulting in a technical success rate of 98% (49/50). The clinical success rate was 96% (48/50 patients). No instances of TRA failure, conversion to transfemoral access (TFA), or hemostasis failure were noted.During the follow-up period, no major adverse events associated with the RAE occurred. Two patients exhibited asymptomatic radial artery occlusion, and one patient displayed asymptomatic partial thrombosis of the renal artery at the first follow-up visit. The EQ-5D-5L scores were 0.90 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.86–0.95) within 24 hours post-procedure and 0.89 (95% CI: 0.85–0.92) at the first follow-up (P = 0.332). Conclusion TRA is a feasible and safe approach for performing RAE in patients with renal AML or hemorrhage. RAE performed using TRA demonstrated high HRQoL outcomes and may serve as a viable alternative to TFA for performing RAE.

Purpose: Intertrochanteric fractures often involve comminuted fractures, particularly around the intertrochanteric ridge, including the greater and lesser trochanters. In cases with comminuted fractures in the posterior region, maintaining a stable reduction of the anteriormedial region of the fracture surface is essential. Therefore, this study examined the morphologic features of the anterior femur for stable reduction by analyzing the anterior region of intertrochanteric fractures using three-dimensional computed tomography. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study analyzed the imaging data of 51 patients aged 60 years and older who underwent a surgical treatment for intertrochanteric fractures at a single institution from April 2013 to March 2023. The sample contained 15 male patients with an average age of 81.9 years and 36 female patients with an average age of 83.7 years. Forty patients (78.4%) had two or more comorbidities. The bone mineral density was assessed in all cases except for five (9.8%). Results: In 49 cases (96.1%), the anterior fracture line followed the intertrochanteric line and passed through two bony prominences.In two cases (3.9%), the fracture line ran below the intertrochanteric line and involved a large fragment of the lesser trochanter. As the fracture line passed through the inferior medial bony prominence, it exhibited an S-shaped pattern rather than a straight line. The inferior medial bony prominence consisted of cortical bone, with an average thickness of 6.4±1.4 mm, which was significantly thicker than the surrounding average cortical bone thickness (1.5±0.6 mm) but thinner than the cortical bone thickness of the femoral shaft (7.3±1.3 mm).The fracture line in the superior lateral region of the intertrochanteric line included cancellous bone with a cortical bone thickness of 1.1±0.6 mm, which was thin. Conclusion The anterior fracture line followed the femoral intertrochanteric line and curves as it passed through the inferior medial bony prominence. The inferior medial bony prominence, consisting of cortical bone, was significantly thicker than the surrounding average cortical bone.

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and safety of renal artery embolization (RAE) via transradial access (TRA) in patients with renal angiomyolipoma (AML) or renal hemorrhage. Materials and Methods: Data were collected for this prospective single-center study from 50 patients (51 ± 12 years; male:female, 11:39) who underwent RAE for renal AML (n = 46) or renal hemorrhage (n = 4) between November 2020 and January 2024. Patients with a Barbeau D waveform or a radial artery diameter of <1.5 mm were excluded. Technical success in patients with renal AML and renal hemorrhage was defined as achieving selective catheterization of the culprit artery with embolization, leading to flow stasis and the absence of bleeding evidence, respectively. Clinical success was indicated by a reduction in AML size on follow-up CT scans and the absence of bleeding signs without necessitating additional RAE. The EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-level (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire was utilized to assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Results: In one patient with AML, embolization could not be performed following selective catheterization and angiography due to the lack of visible tumor vascularity, resulting in a technical success rate of 98% (49/50). The clinical success rate was 96% (48/50 patients). No instances of TRA failure, conversion to transfemoral access (TFA), or hemostasis failure were noted.During the follow-up period, no major adverse events associated with the RAE occurred. Two patients exhibited asymptomatic radial artery occlusion, and one patient displayed asymptomatic partial thrombosis of the renal artery at the first follow-up visit. The EQ-5D-5L scores were 0.90 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.86–0.95) within 24 hours post-procedure and 0.89 (95% CI: 0.85–0.92) at the first follow-up (P = 0.332). Conclusion TRA is a feasible and safe approach for performing RAE in patients with renal AML or hemorrhage. RAE performed using TRA demonstrated high HRQoL outcomes and may serve as a viable alternative to TFA for performing RAE.

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and safety of renal artery embolization (RAE) via transradial access (TRA) in patients with renal angiomyolipoma (AML) or renal hemorrhage. Materials and Methods: Data were collected for this prospective single-center study from 50 patients (51 ± 12 years; male:female, 11:39) who underwent RAE for renal AML (n = 46) or renal hemorrhage (n = 4) between November 2020 and January 2024. Patients with a Barbeau D waveform or a radial artery diameter of <1.5 mm were excluded. Technical success in patients with renal AML and renal hemorrhage was defined as achieving selective catheterization of the culprit artery with embolization, leading to flow stasis and the absence of bleeding evidence, respectively. Clinical success was indicated by a reduction in AML size on follow-up CT scans and the absence of bleeding signs without necessitating additional RAE. The EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-level (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire was utilized to assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Results: In one patient with AML, embolization could not be performed following selective catheterization and angiography due to the lack of visible tumor vascularity, resulting in a technical success rate of 98% (49/50). The clinical success rate was 96% (48/50 patients). No instances of TRA failure, conversion to transfemoral access (TFA), or hemostasis failure were noted.During the follow-up period, no major adverse events associated with the RAE occurred. Two patients exhibited asymptomatic radial artery occlusion, and one patient displayed asymptomatic partial thrombosis of the renal artery at the first follow-up visit. The EQ-5D-5L scores were 0.90 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.86–0.95) within 24 hours post-procedure and 0.89 (95% CI: 0.85–0.92) at the first follow-up (P = 0.332). Conclusion TRA is a feasible and safe approach for performing RAE in patients with renal AML or hemorrhage. RAE performed using TRA demonstrated high HRQoL outcomes and may serve as a viable alternative to TFA for performing RAE.

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and safety of renal artery embolization (RAE) via transradial access (TRA) in patients with renal angiomyolipoma (AML) or renal hemorrhage. Materials and Methods: Data were collected for this prospective single-center study from 50 patients (51 ± 12 years; male:female, 11:39) who underwent RAE for renal AML (n = 46) or renal hemorrhage (n = 4) between November 2020 and January 2024. Patients with a Barbeau D waveform or a radial artery diameter of <1.5 mm were excluded. Technical success in patients with renal AML and renal hemorrhage was defined as achieving selective catheterization of the culprit artery with embolization, leading to flow stasis and the absence of bleeding evidence, respectively. Clinical success was indicated by a reduction in AML size on follow-up CT scans and the absence of bleeding signs without necessitating additional RAE. The EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-level (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire was utilized to assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Results: In one patient with AML, embolization could not be performed following selective catheterization and angiography due to the lack of visible tumor vascularity, resulting in a technical success rate of 98% (49/50). The clinical success rate was 96% (48/50 patients). No instances of TRA failure, conversion to transfemoral access (TFA), or hemostasis failure were noted.During the follow-up period, no major adverse events associated with the RAE occurred. Two patients exhibited asymptomatic radial artery occlusion, and one patient displayed asymptomatic partial thrombosis of the renal artery at the first follow-up visit. The EQ-5D-5L scores were 0.90 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.86–0.95) within 24 hours post-procedure and 0.89 (95% CI: 0.85–0.92) at the first follow-up (P = 0.332). Conclusion TRA is a feasible and safe approach for performing RAE in patients with renal AML or hemorrhage. RAE performed using TRA demonstrated high HRQoL outcomes and may serve as a viable alternative to TFA for performing RAE.

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and safety of renal artery embolization (RAE) via transradial access (TRA) in patients with renal angiomyolipoma (AML) or renal hemorrhage. Materials and Methods: Data were collected for this prospective single-center study from 50 patients (51 ± 12 years; male:female, 11:39) who underwent RAE for renal AML (n = 46) or renal hemorrhage (n = 4) between November 2020 and January 2024. Patients with a Barbeau D waveform or a radial artery diameter of <1.5 mm were excluded. Technical success in patients with renal AML and renal hemorrhage was defined as achieving selective catheterization of the culprit artery with embolization, leading to flow stasis and the absence of bleeding evidence, respectively. Clinical success was indicated by a reduction in AML size on follow-up CT scans and the absence of bleeding signs without necessitating additional RAE. The EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-level (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire was utilized to assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Results: In one patient with AML, embolization could not be performed following selective catheterization and angiography due to the lack of visible tumor vascularity, resulting in a technical success rate of 98% (49/50). The clinical success rate was 96% (48/50 patients). No instances of TRA failure, conversion to transfemoral access (TFA), or hemostasis failure were noted.During the follow-up period, no major adverse events associated with the RAE occurred. Two patients exhibited asymptomatic radial artery occlusion, and one patient displayed asymptomatic partial thrombosis of the renal artery at the first follow-up visit. The EQ-5D-5L scores were 0.90 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.86–0.95) within 24 hours post-procedure and 0.89 (95% CI: 0.85–0.92) at the first follow-up (P = 0.332). Conclusion TRA is a feasible and safe approach for performing RAE in patients with renal AML or hemorrhage. RAE performed using TRA demonstrated high HRQoL outcomes and may serve as a viable alternative to TFA for performing RAE.

Purpose: Intertrochanteric fractures often involve comminuted fractures, particularly around the intertrochanteric ridge, including the greater and lesser trochanters. In cases with comminuted fractures in the posterior region, maintaining a stable reduction of the anteriormedial region of the fracture surface is essential. Therefore, this study examined the morphologic features of the anterior femur for stable reduction by analyzing the anterior region of intertrochanteric fractures using three-dimensional computed tomography. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study analyzed the imaging data of 51 patients aged 60 years and older who underwent a surgical treatment for intertrochanteric fractures at a single institution from April 2013 to March 2023. The sample contained 15 male patients with an average age of 81.9 years and 36 female patients with an average age of 83.7 years. Forty patients (78.4%) had two or more comorbidities. The bone mineral density was assessed in all cases except for five (9.8%). Results: In 49 cases (96.1%), the anterior fracture line followed the intertrochanteric line and passed through two bony prominences.In two cases (3.9%), the fracture line ran below the intertrochanteric line and involved a large fragment of the lesser trochanter. As the fracture line passed through the inferior medial bony prominence, it exhibited an S-shaped pattern rather than a straight line. The inferior medial bony prominence consisted of cortical bone, with an average thickness of 6.4±1.4 mm, which was significantly thicker than the surrounding average cortical bone thickness (1.5±0.6 mm) but thinner than the cortical bone thickness of the femoral shaft (7.3±1.3 mm).The fracture line in the superior lateral region of the intertrochanteric line included cancellous bone with a cortical bone thickness of 1.1±0.6 mm, which was thin. Conclusion The anterior fracture line followed the femoral intertrochanteric line and curves as it passed through the inferior medial bony prominence. The inferior medial bony prominence, consisting of cortical bone, was significantly thicker than the surrounding average cortical bone.

Background: and Purpose Migraine is one of the most common chronic neurological diseases worldwide. Although diverse treatment regimens have been recommended, there is insufficient evidence for which treatment patterns to apply in routine clinical settings. Methods: We used nationwide claims data from South Korea for 2015–2021 to identify incident migraine patients with at least one prescription for migraine. Patients were categorized according to their initial treatment classes and followed up from the date of treatment initiation. Treatment regimens included prophylactic treatments (antidepressants, anticonvulsants, beta blockers, calcium-channel blockers, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system [RAAS] inhibitors) and acute treatments (acetaminophen, antiemetics, aspirin, ergotamine, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs], opioids, and triptans). The treatment patterns of migraine were evaluated until the end of the study period, including the secular trends, prevalence, persistence, and changes in migraine treatment. Results: Among the 761,350 included patients who received migraine treatment, the most frequently prescribed acute treatment was an NSAID (69.9%), followed by acetaminophen (50.0%).The most-prescribed prophylactic treatment was flunarizine (36.9%), followed by propranolol (24.4%). Among the patients, 54.8% received acute treatment, 13.5% received prophylactic treatment, and 31.6% received both treatment types. However, 65.7% of the patients discontinued their treatment within 3 months. The 3-month persistence rate was highest for triptans (25.2%) among the acute treatments and for RAAS inhibitors (62.0%) among the prophylactic treatments. Conclusions While the prevalence rates of medication use were found to align with current migraine guidelines, frequent switching and rapid discontinuation of drugs were observed in routine clinical settings.