Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Nephropathy FormulaⅠ(NF-Ⅰ)in rats with chronic renal failure(CRF).Methods A CRF model was established using continuous adenine gavage.After successful modeling,the rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group,low-dose and high-dose of NF-Ⅰ groups,with 10 rats in each group.The group-specific interventions were administered.Renal histopathological changes were observed via hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining,renal fibrosis was evaluated using Masson staining,collagen Ⅳ(Col-Ⅳ)expression in renal tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry,and protein expression of focal adhesion kinase(FAK),Ras,and mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)in renal tissues was analyzed via Western Blot.Additionally,in vitro experiments were performed to validate the effect of NF-Ⅰ on the FAK-Ras-MAPK signaling pathway.Results Compared with the normal group,the model group exhibited a significant increase in renal interstitial fibrosis area and elevated protein expression levels of Col-Ⅳ,FAK,Ras,and MAPK in renal tissues,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).In comparison to the model group,both the NF-Ⅰ low-dose and high-dose groups showed significant reductions in renal interstitial fibrosis area and downregulation of Col-Ⅳ,FAK,Ras,and MAPK protein expression levels,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05),while the effects in the high-dose group were superior.In vitro validation results demonstrated that,compared with the control group,the protein expression levles of cellular FAK,Ras and MAPK were decreased in drug-containing serum group(P＜0.05).Conclusion NF-Ⅰeffectively ameliorates renal fibrosis in CRF rats,potentially through suppression of the FAK-Ras-MAPK signaling pathway.

As one of special groups in social groups,vagrant psychiatric patients have uniqueness.There are many ethical issues in their diagnosis and treatment,such as voluntary principles and involuntary medical treatment,protective constraints,patient's privacy protection,personalized treatment,fairness and so on.Therefore,to protect the fights and interests of psychiatric patients,it should strictly follow the standard of involuntary hospitalization and four principles of medical ethics when they are admitted to hospital;it should give protective constraints and make the diagnosis of mental disorder when they exist impulses and negative risks involved themselves or others.Meanwhile,it should give psychological counseling,take minimum limit to patient as principle,develop personalized treatment plan,provide humanity service,pay attention to the protection of privacy rights and promote early recovery of patient.