This experiment was conducted to study the effects of replacing feed protein by Herme-tia illucens larvae meal on immune function,intestinal morphology and microflora of Sichuan white geese.A total of 64 healthy 1-day-old Sichuan white geese were randomly allocated into 4 groups with 4 replicates in each group and 4 geese in each replicate,namely the control group,the 2％HILM,4％HILM and 8％HILM groups fed diets contained 0％,2％,4％and 8％of HILM,re-spectively.The experimental period was 40 days.The results showed that compared with the con-trol group,8％HILM increased the levels of serum IgG1,IgG2a and complement C3,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.01).4％HILM significantly increased the expression level of CD4(P＜0.05),and 8％HILM significantly increased the expression level of IL-10(P＜0.05).The ratio of villus length to crypt depth(VH/CD)in the jejunum and ileum in 4％HILM group was significantly increased(P＜0.05).The SIgA level of jejunum was significantly increased in all HILM replacement groups(P＞0.05).The abundance of Bacteroides in 4％HILM group were extremely significantly increased(P＜0.01),and the abundance of Bilophila and Bilophila wadsworthia were significantly decreased in all HILM replacement groups(P＜0.05).In conclu-sion,HILM can enhance the immune function of Sichuan white geese,improve the intestinal mor-phology of jejunum and ileum,enhance the local mucosal immunity of jejunum,increase the abun-dance of beneficial bacteria in cecum and decrease the abundance of harmful bacteria in cecum,and protect intestinal health.

To explore the effect of Macleaya cordata extract(MCE)on growth performance and serum biochemistry of Sichuan White Geese,and to analyze its mechanism of action by network pharmacology and molecular docking technology combined with animal experiments verification.A total of 90 1-day-old healthy goslings were randomly divided into 5 groups with 18 goslings per group after 5 d of adaptive feeding.The control group(CON)was fed with basal diet,the antibiotic group(CTC)was supplemented with 450 mg/kg chlortetracycline premix,and the low MCE group(MCEL),medium MCE group(MCEM)and high MCE group(MCEH)were supple-mented with 200,300 and 400 mg/kg MCE,respectively.The experimental period was 21 d.On the basis of the above experiments,Network pharmacology and molecular docking technology were used to predict the core targets and signaling pathways of MCE to promote geese growth from the levels of antioxidant,immune and apoptosis,and the expression levels of the core target genes were detected by Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.The results showed that compared with the CON group,MCE supplementation could increase the average daily weight gain,decrease the ratio of feed to gain,significantly increase the contents of serum GH,T3,T4,TP and ALB(P＜0.05),and significantly decrease the contents of serum AST and TG(P＜0.05).Network pharmacology analysis predicted 2 active ingredient and 237 active ingredient targets,and concluded that the mechanism of MCE promoting the growth of Sichuan White Geese may be related to the role of 5 key targets such as SRC,HSP90AA1,CASP3,ESR1 and MAPK14,and the action of MAPK,apop-tosis and other signaling pathways.Molecular docking results showed that the active ingredients of sanguinarine and chelerythrine in MCE could act through MAPK14.The validation results of core targets showed that MCE could significantly reduce the mRNA expression levels of CytC,CASP2,CASP3 and CASP9 in spleen(P＜0.05)and significantly increase the mRNA expression levels of Mcl-1(P＜0.05).These results indicated that MCE could promote the growth performance of Si-chuan White Geese by regulating apoptosis,promoting the secretion of serum growth-related hor-mones and improving biochemical indicators.

To explore the effect of Macleaya cordata extract(MCE)on growth performance and serum biochemistry of Sichuan White Geese,and to analyze its mechanism of action by network pharmacology and molecular docking technology combined with animal experiments verification.A total of 90 1-day-old healthy goslings were randomly divided into 5 groups with 18 goslings per group after 5 d of adaptive feeding.The control group(CON)was fed with basal diet,the antibiotic group(CTC)was supplemented with 450 mg/kg chlortetracycline premix,and the low MCE group(MCEL),medium MCE group(MCEM)and high MCE group(MCEH)were supple-mented with 200,300 and 400 mg/kg MCE,respectively.The experimental period was 21 d.On the basis of the above experiments,Network pharmacology and molecular docking technology were used to predict the core targets and signaling pathways of MCE to promote geese growth from the levels of antioxidant,immune and apoptosis,and the expression levels of the core target genes were detected by Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.The results showed that compared with the CON group,MCE supplementation could increase the average daily weight gain,decrease the ratio of feed to gain,significantly increase the contents of serum GH,T3,T4,TP and ALB(P＜0.05),and significantly decrease the contents of serum AST and TG(P＜0.05).Network pharmacology analysis predicted 2 active ingredient and 237 active ingredient targets,and concluded that the mechanism of MCE promoting the growth of Sichuan White Geese may be related to the role of 5 key targets such as SRC,HSP90AA1,CASP3,ESR1 and MAPK14,and the action of MAPK,apop-tosis and other signaling pathways.Molecular docking results showed that the active ingredients of sanguinarine and chelerythrine in MCE could act through MAPK14.The validation results of core targets showed that MCE could significantly reduce the mRNA expression levels of CytC,CASP2,CASP3 and CASP9 in spleen(P＜0.05)and significantly increase the mRNA expression levels of Mcl-1(P＜0.05).These results indicated that MCE could promote the growth performance of Si-chuan White Geese by regulating apoptosis,promoting the secretion of serum growth-related hor-mones and improving biochemical indicators.

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of replacing feed protein by Herme-tia illucens larvae meal on immune function,intestinal morphology and microflora of Sichuan white geese.A total of 64 healthy 1-day-old Sichuan white geese were randomly allocated into 4 groups with 4 replicates in each group and 4 geese in each replicate,namely the control group,the 2％HILM,4％HILM and 8％HILM groups fed diets contained 0％,2％,4％and 8％of HILM,re-spectively.The experimental period was 40 days.The results showed that compared with the con-trol group,8％HILM increased the levels of serum IgG1,IgG2a and complement C3,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.01).4％HILM significantly increased the expression level of CD4(P＜0.05),and 8％HILM significantly increased the expression level of IL-10(P＜0.05).The ratio of villus length to crypt depth(VH/CD)in the jejunum and ileum in 4％HILM group was significantly increased(P＜0.05).The SIgA level of jejunum was significantly increased in all HILM replacement groups(P＞0.05).The abundance of Bacteroides in 4％HILM group were extremely significantly increased(P＜0.01),and the abundance of Bilophila and Bilophila wadsworthia were significantly decreased in all HILM replacement groups(P＜0.05).In conclu-sion,HILM can enhance the immune function of Sichuan white geese,improve the intestinal mor-phology of jejunum and ileum,enhance the local mucosal immunity of jejunum,increase the abun-dance of beneficial bacteria in cecum and decrease the abundance of harmful bacteria in cecum,and protect intestinal health.

Objective:To develop the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of Quality of Life Instruments for Cancer Patients-Leukemia (QLICP-LE) (V2.0).Methods:The quality of life of 101 patients with leukemia in First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University and First People′s Hospital of Yunnan Province from October 2011 to May 2012 were measured. The QLICP-LE (V2.0) was used for data collection, and the MCID for the overall score and scores of various domains of QLICP-LE (V2.0) were established by using the distribution-based approach including indexes of effect size, standard error of measurement (SEM), reliable change index, standardized response mean and responsiveness statistic, and the recommended values of MCID were determined through the consensus method.Results:The MCID formulated by the above five indexes were as follows: the total scale 1.4-9.3, physical functional domain 1.6-15.6, psychological functional domain 2.9-15.6, social functional domain 2.2-18.0, common symptoms and side-effects domain 1.7-17.1, common module 1.8-10.0, and the specific module 1.1-12.1. Through the expert consensus method, it was recommended to use the MCID results calculated by 1.96SEM: the total scale was 4, physical domain was 8, psychological domain was 8, social domain was 9, common symptoms and side-effects domain was 9, common module was 4, and the specific module was 6.Conclusion:Each index of distribution-based approach has its own advantages and disadvantages, which can be selected based on actual conditions. There is clinical significance when the score change of QLICP-LE (V2.0) of leukemia patients after treatment exceeds its MCID.

Objective:To investigate the occurrence of human papillomavirus (HPV) single and multiple infections in different cervical lesions, and to analyze the distribution of HPV types in patients with single infection and the change of viral load before and after treatment.Methods:A total of 4 783 HPV-DNA-positive cases who were detected by cervical exfoliated cells HPV-DNA testing from May 2017 to March 2019 in Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital were retrospectively analyzed, of which 3 728 cases met the criteria and were included in this study. Fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to determine HPV genotype and viral load, and liquid-based thin-layer cytology (TCT) test and colposcopic histopathological diagnosis were performed. According to the histopathological results, the patients were divided into chronic cervicitis+cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) Ⅰ group, CIN Ⅱ+CIN Ⅲ group and cervical cancer group.Results:A total of 3 364 cases had HPV single infection, of which chronic cervicitis+CIN Ⅰ accounted for 78.27% (2 633/3 364), CIN Ⅱ+CIN Ⅲ accounted for 18.73% (630/3 364), and cervical cancer accounted for 3.00% (101/3 364); 364 cases had HPV multiple infections, of which chronic cervicitis+CIN Ⅰ accounted for 51.65% (188/364), CIN Ⅱ+CIN Ⅲ accounted for 42.58% (155/364), and cervical cancer accounted for 5.77% (21/364). The difference in the proportion of cervical lesions with different pathological grades in HPV single infection and multiple infections was statistically significant ( χ2 = 127.21, P < 0.01). The top four HPV single infection genotypes in chronic cervicitis+CINⅠ group and CINⅡ+CINⅢ group were type 16, 52, 58 and 53, and their proportions were 17.05% (449/2 633), 12.91% (340/2 633), 9.08% (239/2 633) and 8.89% (234/2 633) in chronic cervicitis+CINⅠ group, and 32.22% (203/630), 10.32% (65/630), 8.41% (53/630) and 5.87% (37/630) in CINⅡ+CINⅢ group. In the cervical cancer group, the top two HPV single infection genotypes were type 16 and 18, and their proportions were 81.19% (82/101) and 6.93% (7/101). The viral load of 120 patients with HPV infection was 4.89±1.14 before treatment and 2.86±1.63 after treatment, and the difference was statistically significant ( t = 13.260, P < 0.01). Conclusions:HPV multiple infections are more likely to aggravate the degree of cervical lesions than single infection. Common HPV infection subtypes in different cervical lesions include type 16, 52, 58, 53 and 18.

Objective:To present briefly introductions and evaluations on the constructs, psychometric properties (reliability, validity, reactivity etc.) and applications of the system of Quality of Life Instruments for Cancer Patients QLICP(V1.0) including 12 kinds of scales for patients with head and neck cancer, brain cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, leukemia and lymphoma.Methods:Based on our measuring data from relevant patients at hospitals, the constructs, characteristics and psychometrics of the system above were analyzed and presented. Internal consistency reliability for each domain and the overall scale was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and test-retest reliability through calculating the Pearson correlation coefficient between the first and second assessments. The criterion-related validity was evaluated by correlating corresponding domains of two instruments. Responsiveness was assessed through comparing the mean difference between the pre-treatment and post-treatments with standardized response mean (SRM). The use agreements and literature reviews of this system were used to understand the applications of 12 kinds measurement scales.Results:The quality of life scales for 12 kinds of cancer patients of the system QLICP(V1.0) have good construct( 5 domains, 11-15 facets), reliability, validity and a certain degree of responsiveness. The internal consistency reliability Cronbach's α coefficients for the overall scale of QLICP in different cancers was from 0.67 to 0.92, and the test-retest reliability (correlation coefficient) was from 0.61 to 0.99. The criterion-related validity (correlation coefficient) was for the overall scale of QLICP in different cancers was from 0.28 to 0.89, and the responsiveness SRM was from 0.25 to 1.28. And also they were widely used in clinical practice and relevant studies for the corresponding cancers.Conclusion:The system QLICP(V1.0) is of outstanding characteristics with all psychometrics meeting requirements and better construct (clear hierarchical structure with items→ facets→ domains→ overall ), and can be used widely in clinical practice further.

Objective: To compare the differences and similarities among the system of quality of life instruments for cancer patients (QLICP) V1.0, the quality of life questionnaire (QLQ) from European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT) from Center on Outcomes, Research and Education (CORE) of America. Methods: Based on literatures and our measuring data from patients at hospitals, the constructs, characteristics and psychometrics of the systems above were analyzed and compared. Internal consistency reliability was assessed using Cronbach α coefficient for each domain, and test-retest reliability through calculating the Pearson correlation coefficient r between the first and second assessments as well as intra-class correlation (ICC). Construct validity was evaluated by Pearson correlation coefficient r (item-domains correlations) and factor analysis. The criterion-related validity was evaluated by correlating corresponding domains of two instruments. Responsiveness was assessed through comparing the mean difference between the pre-treatment and post-treatment with standardized response mean (SRM). Results: The instruments of three systems were of different outstanding characteristics with all psychometrics meeting requirements. Measurements for 12 types of cancers showed that the internal consistency reliability Cronbach α coefficient for the overall scale of QLICP (V1.0) was 0.67-0.92, and for FACT was 0.79-0.98. The test-retest reliability (r or ICC) for the overall scale of QLICP (V1.0) was 0.61-0.99, and for FACT was 0.60-0.98. The SRM for the overall scale of QLICP (V1.0) was 0.25-1.28, and for FACT was 0.11-0.83. However, the QLICP was of better construct (clear hierarchical structure with items→facets→domains→overall) and Chinese culture. Conclusion The instruments of three systems can be used as the instruments to assess quality of life for patients with cancer with selections basing on different settings.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a global health problem that causes major illnesses and disabilities worldwide. Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that the prevalence of AR has increased progressively over the last few decades in more developed countries and currently affects up to 40% of the population worldwide. Likewise, a rising trend of AR has also been observed over the last 2–3 decades in developing countries including China, with the prevalence of AR varying widely in these countries. A survey of self-reported AR over a 6-year period in the general Chinese adult population reported that the standardized prevalence of adult AR increased from 11.1% in 2005 to 17.6% in 2011. An increasing number of original articles and imporclinical trials on the epidemiology, pathophysiologic mechanisms, diagnosis, management and comorbidities of AR in Chinese subjects have been published in international peer-reviewed journals over the past 2 decades, and substantially added to our understanding of this disease as a global problem. Although guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of AR in Chinese subjects have also been published, they have not been translated into English and therefore not generally accessible for reference to non-Chinese speaking international medical communities. Moreover, methods for the diagnosis and treatment of AR in China have not been standardized entirely and some patients are still treated according to regional preferences. Thus, the present guidelines have been developed by the Chinese Society of Allergy to be accessible to both national and international medical communities involved in the management of AR patients. These guidelines have been prepared in line with existing international guidelines to provide evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of AR in China.
Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; China ; Comorbidity ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; Diagnosis* ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Epidemiology ; Global Health ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity* ; Prevalence ; Rhinitis, Allergic*

Objective To analyze the quality of life and its influence factors in patients with peptic ulcer.Methods The SF-36 was used to survery 120 patients with peptic ulcer.The QOL scores at different levels of some factors including gender,age,na-tionality,occupation,marriage,medical forms,economic,cultural level,treatment method and clinical type were compared by meth-ods of two sample t-test and analysis of variance.Results Peptic ulcer patients′scores in the domain of RE,PF,RP,BP,GH,VT, SF,RE,PCS and MCS are lower than that of the normal,exception of the domain of MH(P <0.05).The differences were statisti-cally significant.Six factors can be influenced some domain or total score of the scale(P <0.05)and the differences were statistical-ly significant.Conclusion Find out the influencing factors on peptic ulcer patients′quality of life can be provided the basis for clini-cal treatments.