Objective:To develop a scale to measure the sense of gain of the elderly, and to evaluate its reliability and validity.Methods:According to the content of the sense of gain, combined with the literature research method and interview method, the scale entry pool was established.After the expert consistency evaluation and the optimal test assembly method (OTA) analysis, the formal version of the scale was formed.The stratified sampling method was used to select 1 043 community-dwelling elders for the survey, and the reliability and validity of the scale were evaluated by methods based on classical test theory.Results:The scale of elderly sense of gain, which was screened by OTA method, included four dimensions: health status, relationship and communication, social security, and ideal expectation, with a total of 17 items. The Cronbach's α value of the formal version of the scale was 0. 850, and the Cronbach's α coefficients of the four dimensions were 0.721, 0.772, 0.779, and 0.930, respectively. The CR values of the combined reliabilities of each dimension were all above 0.7. In terms of AVE values, except for the health status dimension was acceptable, the other three dimensions were all above 0.36. The correlation coefficient between the sense of health acquisition and life satisfaction of the elderly was 0.531 ( P<0.01). Conclusion:The developed scale for measuring the sense of gain of the elderly has good reliability and validity, which can be used as an effective tool for measuring the sense of gain of the elderly.

Objective:To develop a scale to measure the sense of gain of the elderly, and to evaluate its reliability and validity.Methods:According to the content of the sense of gain, combined with the literature research method and interview method, the scale entry pool was established.After the expert consistency evaluation and the optimal test assembly method (OTA) analysis, the formal version of the scale was formed.The stratified sampling method was used to select 1 043 community-dwelling elders for the survey, and the reliability and validity of the scale were evaluated by methods based on classical test theory.Results:The scale of elderly sense of gain, which was screened by OTA method, included four dimensions: health status, relationship and communication, social security, and ideal expectation, with a total of 17 items. The Cronbach's α value of the formal version of the scale was 0. 850, and the Cronbach's α coefficients of the four dimensions were 0.721, 0.772, 0.779, and 0.930, respectively. The CR values of the combined reliabilities of each dimension were all above 0.7. In terms of AVE values, except for the health status dimension was acceptable, the other three dimensions were all above 0.36. The correlation coefficient between the sense of health acquisition and life satisfaction of the elderly was 0.531 ( P<0.01). Conclusion:The developed scale for measuring the sense of gain of the elderly has good reliability and validity, which can be used as an effective tool for measuring the sense of gain of the elderly.

Eukaryotic DNA replication is tightly restricted to only once per cell cycle in order to maintain genome stability. Cells use multiple mechanisms to control the assembly of the prereplication complex (pre-RC), a process known as replication licensing. This review focuses on the regulation of replication licensing by posttranslational modifications of the licensing factors, including phosphorylation, ubiquitylation and acetylation. These modifications are critical in establishing the pre-RC complexes as well as preventing rereplication in each cell cycle. The relationship between rereplication and diseases, including cancer and virus infection, is discussed as well.
Acetylation ; Animals ; Cell Cycle ; DNA Replication ; genetics ; physiology ; DNA Replication Timing ; DNA, Neoplasm ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Genomic Instability ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Ubiquitination ; Virus Diseases ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To evaluate the health related quality of life (HRQOL) of patients with chronic hepatitis C(CHC) and the improvement after interferon therapy. Methods Using the SF 36 questionnaire and the hepatitis specific scale derived from the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS), the HRQOL in 67 non cirrhotic patients with chronic HCV infection were evaluated, 38 patients of which were treated with IFN ?2a 3MU( n=31) and CIFN 15 ?g ( n =7), three times a week for 6 months. 12 patients had a sustained viral response (undetectable serum HCV RNA and normal ALT level at 24 weeks post treatment) to interferon therapy. 26 patients had no response. Live biopsies were performed in 23 patients and the diagnosis of chronic hepatitis proved. These scales were self administered by patients at baseline and at 24 weeks post treatment. Patients with chronic hepatitis C were compared with healthy volunteers ( n =40) who were selected as normal controls, the age, sex, education profession were matched between them. Results Compared with healthy controls, patients with chronic hepatitis C at baseline had lower HRQOL on all eight scales of the SF 36 ( P