Three evaluation methods were recommended for the key properties of the intravascular catheter lubricating coating such as stability,lubricity and integrity,including insoluble particle test method,friction test procedure and appearance detection method.Fifteen batches of microcatheters produced by different manufacturers were selected for testing to clarify the three methods in test principle,step,result,characteristic.References were provided for the design,production,evaluation and regulation of intravascular catheters with lubricant coatings.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(1):66-72]

INTRODUCTION: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is common in Singapore, with moderate to severe OSA affecting around 30% of residents. These consensus statements aim to provide scientifically grounded recommendations for the management of OSA, standar-dise the management of OSA in Singapore and promote multidisciplinary collaboration. METHOD: An expert panel, which was convened in 2024, identified several areas of OSA management that require guidance. The expert panel reviewed the current literature and developed consensus statements, which were later independently voted on using a 3-point Likert scale (agree, neutral or disagree). Consensus (total ratings of agree and neutral) was set a priori at ≥80% agreement. Any statement not reaching consensus was excluded. RESULTS: The final consensus included 49 statements that provide guidance on the screening, diagnosis and management of adults with OSA. Additionally, 23 statements on the screening, diagnosis and management of paediatric OSA achieved consensus. These 72 consensus statements considered not only the latest clinical evidence but also the benefits and harms, resource implications, feasibility, acceptability and equity impact of the recommendations. CONCLUSION The statements presented in this paper aim to guide clinicians based on the most updated evidence and collective expert opinion from sleep specialists in Singapore. These recommendations should augment clinical judgement rather than replace it. Management decisions should be individualised, taking into account the patient's clinical characteristics, as well as patient and caregiver concerns and preferences.
Humans ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/diagnosis* ; Singapore ; Consensus ; Adult

Introduction: Dental caries is a preventable chronic disease whereby identification of risk factors will facilitate preventive measures. This study aims to determine the level of oral health literacy (OHL), self-care practices (SCP), salivary parameters and ascertain its assocation with caries status amongst the undergraduates in IMU University. Methods: Levels of OHL (Knowledge-OHL, dental services utilisation, and label reading habit) and SCP were assessed through a self-administered questionnaire. Chairside saliva kits were used to measure the salivary parameters whilst clinical examination was performed to assess caries status. Independent T-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to compare differences between sex and courses respectively for measures of interest (OHL, SCP, salivary parameters, and caries status) whereas bivariate correlation with Pearsons’s coefficient was performed to examine their association with caries status. Results: The participants (n=132) had a mean Knowledge-OHL score of 23.75±8.09 with no significant difference between sex (females, 24.01±8.51; males, 23.48±7.69; p=0.15). Dentistry students had significantly higher Knowledge-OHL score than students of all other courses (p=0.01). The mean SCP score was 20.19±3.16 whereas mean DMFT was 2.32 ±3.14. All participants had healthy saliva parameters. Caries status was significantly correlated with Knowledge-OHL score (p=0.02, r=-0.18), dental services utilisation (p=0.04, r=-0.15) but not with label reading habit (p=0.78, r=0.03), SCP (p=0.30, r=-0.05) and all salivary parameters. Conclusion Knowledge-OHL and oral health services utilisation are significantly associated with oral health status
Dental Caries ; Health Literacy ; Oral Health ; Saliva ; Self Care

Objective:To study the risk factors of thyroid nodules in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods:Data of patients with type 2 diabetes with normal thyroid function admitted to the Department of Endocrinology of Heze Municipal Hospital from January to June 2024 were collected. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of thyroid nodules in patients with type 2 diabetes, and the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of each influencing factor.Results:Among 162 patients with type 2 diabetes, 96 had thyroid nodules, accounting for 59.3%. The incidence of thyroid nodules in women was significantly higher than that in men (χ 2 = 4.56, P = 0.034). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age (≥50 years old), overweight and obesity [body mass index (BMI)≥24.0 kg/m 2], high glycated hemoglobin (≥10%), and high total cholesterol ( > 6.5 mmol/L) were independent risk factors for thyroid nodules in patients with type 2 diabetes ( OR = 1.83, 1.67, 1.08, 3.65, P < 0.05), and men was an independent protective factor ( OR = 0.63, P = 0.039). The ROC curve results showed that total cholesterol and total cholesterol combined with glycated hemoglobin could distinguish patients with thyroid nodules from those without thyroid nodules, with AUC = 0.64 and 0.68, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0.05). Conclusions:The incidence of thyroid nodules in patients with type 2 diabetes is relatively high. Age, overweight and obesity, high glycated hemoglobin, and high total cholesterol are independent risk factors for thyroid nodules in patients with type 2 diabetes, and total cholesterol has the ability to distinguish patients with thyroid nodules.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of the manual cyclotorsion compensation method based on the obser-vation screen in the correction of with-the-rule astigmatism during small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE).Methods This prospective study enrolled 40 patients who underwent SMILE and another 40 patients who underwent Q-value-guided femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis(FS-LASIK)at the Ophthalmology Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from April to September 2024.Through the random number method,one eye of each pa-tient who underwent SMILE was assigned to the manual cyclotorsion compensation group(the cyclotorsion group,40 eyes),while the contralateral eye was assigned to the non-cyclotorsion group(the non-cyclotorsion group,40 eyes).Meanwhile,one eye of each patient who underwent FS-LASIK was randomly selected for the FS-LASIK group(40 eyes).The age,uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA),spherical power,cylindrical power,spherical equivalent(SE),and corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA)were recorded before surgery and 3 months after surgery,respectively.Astigma-tism was subjected to Alpins vector analysis,and the indicators for assessing astigmatism included target-induced astigma-tism(TIA),surgically-induced astigmatism(SIA),difference vector(DV),correction index(CI),success index(IOS),angle of error(AE),and absolute value of angle of error(|AE|).Results Before surgery,there was no significant difference in age,spherical power,cylindrical power,SE,and CDVA among the cyclotorsion group,the non-cyclotorsion group,and the FS-LASIK group(all P＞0.05).At 3 months after surgery,the cyclotorsion group showed better UDVA and lower cylindrical power than the non-cyclotorsion group,with statistically significant differences(both P＜0.05);howev-er,there was no significant difference in CDVA,spherical power,and SE between the two groups(all P＞0.05).Besides,there was no significant difference in UDVA,CDVA,or refractive parameters between the cyclotorsion and FS-LASIK groups(all P＞0.05).The Alpins vector analysis of astigmatism 3 months after surgery revealed better SIA,CI,IOS,and|AE|in the cyclotorsion group compared with the non-cyclotorsion group,with statistically significant differences(all P＜0.05);however,there was no significant difference in TIA,DV,and AE between the two groups(all P＞0.05).No signifi-cant differences were found between the cyclotorsion and FS-LASIK groups in any astigmatism vector parameter(all P＞0.05).The linear regression analysis results indicated a high linear correlation between TIA and SIA in all groups.Conclu-sion The manual cyclotorsion compensation method based on the observation screen in the correction of with-the-rule astigmatism during SMILE is comparable to Q-value-guided FS-LASIK and superior to the conventional central tear film marking method in SMILE.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of the manual cyclotorsion compensation method based on the obser-vation screen in the correction of with-the-rule astigmatism during small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE).Methods This prospective study enrolled 40 patients who underwent SMILE and another 40 patients who underwent Q-value-guided femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis(FS-LASIK)at the Ophthalmology Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from April to September 2024.Through the random number method,one eye of each pa-tient who underwent SMILE was assigned to the manual cyclotorsion compensation group(the cyclotorsion group,40 eyes),while the contralateral eye was assigned to the non-cyclotorsion group(the non-cyclotorsion group,40 eyes).Meanwhile,one eye of each patient who underwent FS-LASIK was randomly selected for the FS-LASIK group(40 eyes).The age,uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA),spherical power,cylindrical power,spherical equivalent(SE),and corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA)were recorded before surgery and 3 months after surgery,respectively.Astigma-tism was subjected to Alpins vector analysis,and the indicators for assessing astigmatism included target-induced astigma-tism(TIA),surgically-induced astigmatism(SIA),difference vector(DV),correction index(CI),success index(IOS),angle of error(AE),and absolute value of angle of error(|AE|).Results Before surgery,there was no significant difference in age,spherical power,cylindrical power,SE,and CDVA among the cyclotorsion group,the non-cyclotorsion group,and the FS-LASIK group(all P＞0.05).At 3 months after surgery,the cyclotorsion group showed better UDVA and lower cylindrical power than the non-cyclotorsion group,with statistically significant differences(both P＜0.05);howev-er,there was no significant difference in CDVA,spherical power,and SE between the two groups(all P＞0.05).Besides,there was no significant difference in UDVA,CDVA,or refractive parameters between the cyclotorsion and FS-LASIK groups(all P＞0.05).The Alpins vector analysis of astigmatism 3 months after surgery revealed better SIA,CI,IOS,and|AE|in the cyclotorsion group compared with the non-cyclotorsion group,with statistically significant differences(all P＜0.05);however,there was no significant difference in TIA,DV,and AE between the two groups(all P＞0.05).No signifi-cant differences were found between the cyclotorsion and FS-LASIK groups in any astigmatism vector parameter(all P＞0.05).The linear regression analysis results indicated a high linear correlation between TIA and SIA in all groups.Conclu-sion The manual cyclotorsion compensation method based on the observation screen in the correction of with-the-rule astigmatism during SMILE is comparable to Q-value-guided FS-LASIK and superior to the conventional central tear film marking method in SMILE.

Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is often resistant to conventional therapies, and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted radionuclide therapy has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy. Ligands such as 177Lu-PSMA and 225Ac-PSMA have demonstrated clinical benefits in ongoing studies and show potential when combined with endocrine therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy. Additionally, novel therapeutic approaches, including PSMA-targeted antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy, and bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs), are being actively explored. This review summarizes the recent advancements in PSMA-targeted treatment and their clinical applications.

Three evaluation methods were recommended for the key properties of the intravascular catheter lubricating coating such as stability,lubricity and integrity,including insoluble particle test method,friction test procedure and appearance detection method.Fifteen batches of microcatheters produced by different manufacturers were selected for testing to clarify the three methods in test principle,step,result,characteristic.References were provided for the design,production,evaluation and regulation of intravascular catheters with lubricant coatings.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(1):66-72]

Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is often resistant to conventional therapies, and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted radionuclide therapy has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy. Ligands such as 177Lu-PSMA and 225Ac-PSMA have demonstrated clinical benefits in ongoing studies and show potential when combined with endocrine therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy. Additionally, novel therapeutic approaches, including PSMA-targeted antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy, and bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs), are being actively explored. This review summarizes the recent advancements in PSMA-targeted treatment and their clinical applications.

Objective:To study the risk factors of thyroid nodules in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods:Data of patients with type 2 diabetes with normal thyroid function admitted to the Department of Endocrinology of Heze Municipal Hospital from January to June 2024 were collected. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of thyroid nodules in patients with type 2 diabetes, and the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of each influencing factor.Results:Among 162 patients with type 2 diabetes, 96 had thyroid nodules, accounting for 59.3%. The incidence of thyroid nodules in women was significantly higher than that in men (χ 2 = 4.56, P = 0.034). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age (≥50 years old), overweight and obesity [body mass index (BMI)≥24.0 kg/m 2], high glycated hemoglobin (≥10%), and high total cholesterol ( > 6.5 mmol/L) were independent risk factors for thyroid nodules in patients with type 2 diabetes ( OR = 1.83, 1.67, 1.08, 3.65, P < 0.05), and men was an independent protective factor ( OR = 0.63, P = 0.039). The ROC curve results showed that total cholesterol and total cholesterol combined with glycated hemoglobin could distinguish patients with thyroid nodules from those without thyroid nodules, with AUC = 0.64 and 0.68, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0.05). Conclusions:The incidence of thyroid nodules in patients with type 2 diabetes is relatively high. Age, overweight and obesity, high glycated hemoglobin, and high total cholesterol are independent risk factors for thyroid nodules in patients with type 2 diabetes, and total cholesterol has the ability to distinguish patients with thyroid nodules.