Mirizzi syndrome (MS) is a rare complication of cholecystolithiasis that is characterized by obstruction of the common hepatic duct due to mechanical compression by impacted stones in the neck of the gallbladder or the cystic duct. Treatment of MS is surgical, and operative procedure would vary depending on its classification type. Biliary stricture after surgical treatment of MS is an unusual complication and endoscopic approach is not possible for patients who have undergone bilioenteric anastomosis. We report a case of a 60-year-old patient with biliary anastomotic stricture after surgical management of MS who was successfully treated with long-term percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage.
Cholecystectomy ; Cholecystolithiasis ; Choledochostomy ; Classification ; Constriction, Pathologic* ; Cystic Duct ; Drainage* ; Gallbladder ; Hepatic Duct, Common ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Mirizzi Syndrome* ; Neck ; Postoperative Complications ; Surgical Procedures, Operative

PURPOSE: To develop a simple and reliable rat model of in situ reversible obstructive jaundice with low morbidity and mortality rates. METHODS: Rats were divided into 4 groups with 8 rats each: the sham-operated (SH) group only underwent laparotomy, the control internal drainage (ID-C) group underwent choledochoduodenostomy, the new internal drainage (ID-N) group and the long-term internal drainage (ID-L) group underwent choledochocholedochostomy. Common bile duct ligation was performed in all the drainage groups 7 days before reversal procedures. All rats were sacrificed for samples 7 days after the last operation except rats of the ID-L group that survived 28 days before sacrifice. Body weight, liver function, histopathological changes, morbidity and mortality were assessed. RESULTS: One rat died and 2 rats had complications with tube blockage in the ID-C group. No death or complications occurred in the ID-N and ID-L groups. The drainage tube remained patent in the long-term observation ID-L group. Body weight showed no significant difference between the ID-C and ID-N groups after 7 days drainage. Liver function was not fully recovered in the ID-C and ID-N groups after 7 days drainage, but statistical differences were only observed in the ID-C group compared with the SH and ID-L groups. Periportal inflammation and bile duct proliferation showed severer in the ID-C group than in the ID-N group. CONCLUSION: The present study provided an efficient, simple, and reliable rat model that is especially suitable for long-term or consecutive studies of reversible obstructive jaundice.
Animals ; Bile Ducts ; Body Weight ; Choledochostomy ; Common Bile Duct ; Drainage ; Inflammation ; Jaundice, Obstructive* ; Laparotomy ; Ligation ; Liver ; Models, Animal* ; Mortality ; Rats*

PURPOSE: To develop a simple and reliable rat model of in situ reversible obstructive jaundice with low morbidity and mortality rates. METHODS: Rats were divided into 4 groups with 8 rats each: the sham-operated (SH) group only underwent laparotomy, the control internal drainage (ID-C) group underwent choledochoduodenostomy, the new internal drainage (ID-N) group and the long-term internal drainage (ID-L) group underwent choledochocholedochostomy. Common bile duct ligation was performed in all the drainage groups 7 days before reversal procedures. All rats were sacrificed for samples 7 days after the last operation except rats of the ID-L group that survived 28 days before sacrifice. Body weight, liver function, histopathological changes, morbidity and mortality were assessed. RESULTS: One rat died and 2 rats had complications with tube blockage in the ID-C group. No death or complications occurred in the ID-N and ID-L groups. The drainage tube remained patent in the long-term observation ID-L group. Body weight showed no significant difference between the ID-C and ID-N groups after 7 days drainage. Liver function was not fully recovered in the ID-C and ID-N groups after 7 days drainage, but statistical differences were only observed in the ID-C group compared with the SH and ID-L groups. Periportal inflammation and bile duct proliferation showed severer in the ID-C group than in the ID-N group. CONCLUSION: The present study provided an efficient, simple, and reliable rat model that is especially suitable for long-term or consecutive studies of reversible obstructive jaundice.
Animals ; Bile Ducts ; Body Weight ; Choledochostomy ; Common Bile Duct ; Drainage ; Inflammation ; Jaundice, Obstructive* ; Laparotomy ; Ligation ; Liver ; Models, Animal* ; Mortality ; Rats*

Choledochal cyst has only rarely been encountered in association with pregnancy. The clinical manifestations are nonspecific and variable that makes it difficult to differentiate from physiologic changes in pregnancy. Consequently, diagnosis is often delayed until patients present with life-threatening complications. During pregnancy, symptoms of choledochal cyst may be developed by hormonal changes and the enlarged uterus. Because of the risk of fetal mortality and maternal morbidity, definitive surgical treatment should be delayed and step-by-step management should be carefully implemented to avoid complication until delivery. Herein, we report a case of enlarged, symptomatic choledochal cyst that developed in a 26-year-old pregnant woman. The temporal relationship between pregnancy and symptom development, as well as the biliary sludge formation in the enlarged cyst, suggest that the choledochal cyst was influenced by pregnancy. In order to buy time for fetal maturation, endoscopic ultrasonography-guided choledochoduodenostomy was performed for biliary decompression as a bridge to surgical excision.
Adult ; Bile ; Choledochal Cyst* ; Choledochostomy* ; Decompression ; Diagnosis ; Endosonography ; Female ; Fetal Mortality ; Humans ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnant Women ; Uterus

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD), EUS-guided choledochoduodenostomy (EUS-CDS), and EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HGS) can effectively palliate obstructive jaundice, but have not been well established yet. The incidence of complications is about 30% in EUSBD and higher for EUS-HGS. Several complications have been reported such as bleeding, perforation and peritonitis. Bleeding occurs due to puncture of portal vein, hepatic vein and artery, and we should use color Doppler. When a cautery dilator is used for fistula dilation, burn effects may cause delayed bleeding. Endoscopic hemostasis is only effective for anastomotic bleeding and embolization with interventional radiology technique is required for pseudo aneurysm. There are some types of perforation: failed stent placement after puncture or fistula dilation, double puncture during CDS procedure, and stent migration. Peritonitis with perforation requires surgery and can be fatal. Stent migration before mature fistula formation causes severe peritonitis because EUS-BD makes fistula between two unattached organs. Stents with flaps or long covered self-expandable metallic stents (cSEMSs) are effective to prevent migration. Recent development of lumen apposing stents may reduce early migration in EUS-CDS. Peritonitis without migration can be due to 1) leakage of bile juice or gastric/duodenal contents during EUS-BD or 2) leakage along the placed stent. We should make procedure time as short as possible, and cSEMSs reduce bile leak along the stent by occluding the dilated fistula. In summary, we should understand the mechanism of complications and the technique to prevent and manage complications. Development of dedicated devices to increase the success rate and reduce complications is required.
Aneurysm ; Arteries ; Bile ; Burns ; Cautery ; Choledochostomy ; Drainage* ; Fistula ; Hemorrhage ; Hemostasis, Endoscopic ; Hepatic Veins ; Incidence ; Jaundice, Obstructive ; Peritonitis ; Portal Vein ; Punctures ; Radiology, Interventional ; Stents

Pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple's) procedure is indicated for complex  pancreatic  injuries,  with  immediate  reconstruction  for stable  patients  and  delayed  reconstruction  for  unstable  patients. This study aimed to review the authors' experience with trauma-related  Whipple's  procedure  at  the  East  Avenue  Medical  Center (EAMC).
METHODS: This study reviews cases where Whipple's procedure was performed from 2011 to 2015 at EAMC.  Data collected included age, gender, mechanism of injury, presentation, patient Injury Severity Score (ISS), time interval between injury to presentation, associated injury, surgical procedure, time and type of surgical reconstruction after resection complications and 30-day mortality.
RESULTS: During the 5 year period, 4 patients underwent Whipple's. All patients were male, mean age of 33.25 (range 29-48). Penetrating gunshot trauma was the predominant mechanism of injury (75% of cases) whereas peritonitis was the most common presentation (75% of cases). Mean ISS score is 29.5 (range 25-37).  Among them, 2 underwent  initial  resection  with  delayed  reconstruction  and  the other 2 underwent immediate reconstruction. Pancreaticojejunostomy was done for all pancreatic reconstruction. Cholecystojejunostomy (75%) and Choledochojejunostomy (25%) for biliary enteric conduit. Complications included pancreatic leak (50%), sepsis (25%) and pneumonia  (25%).  Overall,  30-day  mortality  rate  was  25%.Pancreatic leak was noted on all patients without stent placed on the pancreatic anastomosis.
CONCLUSION: Use of stents in pancreatic anastomosis in Whipple's for trauma may lessen the pancreatic leak rates, further studies are needed to prove this.  Cholecystojejunostomy can be an option for biliary enteric continuity, but further studies are needed to identify long tem patency rates.

Human ; Male ; Adult ; Pancreaticojejunostomy ; Pancreaticoduodenectomy ; Choledochostomy ; Pancreas ; Pancreatectomy ; Pancreatic Diseases ; Anastomosis, Surgical ; Peritonitis ; Sepsis

No abstract available.
Adult ; Choledochostomy/*adverse effects/instrumentation/methods ; Duodenum/*injuries ; Endosonography/*adverse effects/instrumentation/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Jaundice, Obstructive/diagnostic imaging/etiology/surgery ; Self Expandable Metallic Stents/adverse effects

PURPOSE: The feasibility of a rat choledochojejunostomy (CJ) training model was investigated, as an introductory model to microsurgery for general surgeons. METHODS: Roux-en-Y CJ was performed on 20 rats. Interrupted 10-0 prolene sutures were used to perform CJ. The animals were observed for 7 days and sacrificed and examined. RESULTS: The rats were divided into 2 groups of 10 based on surgical order. The CJ time showed a significant decrease from 36.2 ± 5.6 minutes in group 1 to 29.4 ± 5.7 minutes in group 2 (P = 0.015). The bile leakage rate was 40% in group 1 and 10% in group 2. The survival time was 5.4 ± 2.2 days in group 1 and 7 days in group 2 (P = 0.049). CONCLUSION: The rat CJ training model is a feasible introductory model for general surgeons with no previous experience in microsurgery.
Animals ; Bile ; Choledochostomy* ; Microsurgery ; Polypropylenes ; Rats* ; Sutures

Intraductal papillary neoplasms of the bile duct (IPNB) leads to malignant transformation and mucin production. Herein, we presented two cases of mucin-producing IPNB with obstructive jaundice who underwent resection of the intrahepatic lesions and bypass hepaticojejunostomy. The first case was a 69 year-old male patient with 5-year follow up for gallstone disease. Imaging studies showed mucin-secreting IPNB mainly in the hepatic segment III bile duct (B3) and multiple intrahepatic duct stones for which, segment III resection, intrahepatic stone removal, end-to-side choledochojejunostomy and B3 hepaticojejunostomy were conducted. The second case was a 74 year-old female patient with 11-year follow up for gallstone disease. Imaging studies showed mucin-producing IPNB with dilatation of the segment IV duct (B4) and mural nodules for which, segment IV resection, partial resection of the diaphragm and central hepaticojejunostomy were conducted. Both patients recovered uneventfully from surgery. These cases highlight that in patients with IPNB, abundant production of highly viscous mucin inducing obstructive jaundice may be associated with malignant transformation.
Bile Ducts ; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic* ; Cholangiocarcinoma* ; Choledochostomy ; Diaphragm ; Dilatation ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gallstones ; Humans ; Jaundice ; Jaundice, Obstructive ; Male ; Mucins

PURPOSE: Choledochoduodenal fistula (CDF) is an extremely rare condition even in the most populous nations. However, diagnostic tools are inadequate for the young surgeon to be made aware of such a rare condition before surgery. Hence, basic understanding of the epidemiology, etiology, and management for this unusual but discoverable condition are necessary and essential. METHODS: The exclusive case reports of CDF, which were published from 1983 to 2014 concerning mainland Chinese people, were performed to review the epidemiology, etiology, and management. RESULTS: A total of 728 cases were incorporated into this review among 48 papers. More than half of the CDF cases were female (416) with an average age of 57.3 years. CDF was usually caused by cholelithiasis (573 of 728). Epigastric pain (589 of 728) and cholangitis (395 of 728) were the most common symptoms of CDF. CDF was usually detected and confirmed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) (475 of 728) in Mainland China. The fistulas larger than 1 cm (82 of 654) were recommended for surgical biliary reconstruction. Fistulas between 0.5 cm and 1.0 cm (467 of 654) which were followed frequently by cholangitis attacks also required surgery; the rest were recommended to have stone removal and/or the application of an effective biliary drainage. Fistulas less than 0.5 cm (105 of 654) were usually received conservative therapy. CONCLUSION: CDF should be considered in differential diagnosis of recurrent epigastric pain and cholangitis. A possible ERCP should be arranged to investigate carefully. Depending on the size of fistula and clinical presentation, different programs for CDF are indicated, ranging from drug therapy to choledochojejunostomy.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Biliary Fistula ; China* ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Cholangitis ; Choledochostomy ; Cholelithiasis ; Diagnosis* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Disease Management ; Drainage ; Drug Therapy ; Epidemiology* ; Female ; Fistula* ; Humans