Objective To examine the time window effect of high-load exerciseon skeletal muscle in-flammation genes,and identify the key genes and signaling pathways involved in this process.Methods Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to a control group(group C,n=8)and an ex-ercise group(group E,n=40).Gastrocnemius muscles were collected immediately(group E0),12h(group E12),24h(group E24),48h(group E48),and 72 h(group E72)after exercise for transcrip-tome sequencing.Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified,and enrichment analysis was carried out using the Gene Ontology(GO)and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)annotations.Meanwhile,inflammation-related genes were obtained from databases,and differ-entially expressed inflammation-related genes(DEIRGs)were done through identifying their intersec-tion with DEGs.Moreover,the Mfuzz algorithm was used for time series clustering to obtain subsets with similar characteristics.GO and KEGG analyses,along with protein interaction network analysis,were performed to obtain key DEIRGs,followed by secondary functional enrichment to analyze changes in expression of key genes over time and identify key signaling pathways.Results Seven DEIRG clus-ters were obtained through Mfuzz time series clustering of skeletal muscle inflammation genes after high-load exercise.Overall,the expression of DEGs in cluster 5 was downregulated,while that in cluster 7 was upregulated.The expression of DEGs in clusters 3 and 4 was upregulated at E0 and rap-idly downregulated at E12.In contrast,the expression of DEGs in cluster 2 and 6 were downregulated at E0 and rapidly upregulated at E12.The expression of DEGs in cluster 1 was upregulated at E0,rapidly downregulated at E12,and remained upregulated at E24.Screening identified TP53,STAT3,CD44,AKT1,KDR,GJA1,CYCS,HIF1A,IQGAP3,FASN,and TFRC as key DEIRGswhich were enriched in apoptosis,HIF-1,apoptosis,ferroptosis,MAPK,VEGF,PI3K-Akt,insulin resistance,FoxO,AMPK and the JAK-STAT signaling pathway.Conclusion Inflammation-related genes exhibit temporal dynamic changes in exercise-induced muscle damage and show significant time window effects at 12 h after exercise.The key targets STAT3,AKT1 and HIF-1A react to exercise-induced muscle damage through the JAK-STAT,PI3K-Akt,HIF-1 and VEGF signaling pathways,and promote tissue repair.

Objective To investigate the associations between physical health status,refraction and ocular biometrics in school-age children,and further clarify the relation of eyes'refractive status to physical growth and development,so as to provide scientific evidences for myopia prevention and con-trol.Methods A total of 1718 children(977 boys and 741 girls)aged 8-12 years were enrolled in this study.They were collected uncorrected visual acuity,refraction and ocular biometrics,including spherical equivalent,cylindrical equivalent,axial length(AL),corneal refraction(K1,K2)and anteri-or chamber depth(ACD),as well as the AL/CR ratio and spherical equivalent refraction(SER).Moreover,their height,weight and physical fitness level were measured,including speed,strength,flexibility,agility and aerobic endurance.Then all data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation,One-way ANOVA and multiple linear regression model.Results The overall prevalence of myopia was 43.83%,which was higher in girls than in boys(46.96%vs.41.45%).Moreover,the height and weight of school-age children were negatively correlated with SER(P<0.01),but positively correlated with AL,ACD and AL/CR(P<0.01).After controlling the age and gender variables in the multiple linear regression model,it was found that for 10-cm increase in height,SER decreased by 0.013 D(P<0.01),AL extended by 0.022 mm(P<0.01),and ACD increased by 0.002 mm(P<0.05).In addi-tion,for 10-kg increase in the body weight,the AL would be 0.009 mm longer(P<0.05)and ACD 0.002 mm deeper(P<0.05).Moreover,the speed,strength and agility were negatively correlated with SER(P<0.01,P<0.05),but positively correlated with AL,ACD and AL/CR(P<0.01,P<0.05).The maximal oxygen uptake level was positively correlated with SER(P<0.01),and negatively correlated with AL,ACD and AL/CR(P<0.01,P<0.05).After controlling the age and gender variables in the multiple linear regression model,it was found that the children with worse speed quality had shorter AL(-0.043 D,P<0.05).Meanwhile,the better agility was accompanied by the lower SER(-0.003 D,P<0.01),longer AL(+0.002 mm,P<0.05),lighter ACD(+4.812e-4 mm,P<0.05),and higher AL/CR(+2.446e-4,P<0.05).Conclusion With variables of age and gender controlled,the height,weight,and the speed and agility quality are highly associated with eyes'refractive status among chil-dren aged 8-12 years old.It is suggested that the human body may have a coordination mechanism to regulate the development of the body stature,physical fitness and ocular biometrics in the early child-hood,which should be considered in their myopia prevention and control.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of doing Huatuo five-animal play treating blood-stasis-type silent myocardial ischemia(SMI)and its influence on coronary hemodynamics.Methods Ninety patients diagnosed as silent myocardial ischemia were randomly divided into a five-animal play group(n=45,age:51.56±11.00 years,24 males and 21 females)and a regular exercise group(n=45,age:52.44±7.19 years old,24 males and 21 females)according to a random number table.The five-animal play group practised the traditional five-animal play,while the regular exercise group con-ducted daily 30-minute moderate-intensity treadmill aerobic exercise,five times a week,for 4 weeks.The changes in the number of abnormal ST-T segment occurrences,myocardial oxygen consumption(CMO),coronary ischemia threshold(CIT),and blood smoothness index(BSD)within 24-hour ambu-latory electrocardiogram before and after the intervention were observed in both groups,with the thera-peutic effect and hemodynamic characteristics of both groups evaluated.Results The average number of ST-T segment abnormalities decreased after intervention in both groups(P<0.001),with significantly greater improvement in the five-animal play group than the regular exercise group(P<0.001).More-over,the average CMO decreased significantly,while the average CMR and BSD increased significant-ly in both groups after intervention(P<0.05),with significantly greater improvement in the five-ani-mal play group than the other group.Meanwhile,the total effective rate in the five-animal play group was significantly higher than the regular exercise group(P<0.01).Conclusion Undergoing the five-ani-mal play and moderate intensity treadmill aerobic exercise both are effective in treating silent myocardi-al ischemia.However,the former therapy is superior to the latter in bettering CMO,CIT and BSD.

Objective To explore the relationship between physical activity(PA)and blood pressure(BP)in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)under different levels of hemoglobin glycosylat-ed index(HGI).Methods Totally 469 T2DM patients(male/female:235/234;those no less than 60 years old/more than 60:169/300)were randomly recruited from a class-2 grade-A hospital for a physi-cal examination and surveyed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire(IPAQ).Then HGI was calculated based on glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c)and fasting plasma glucose(FPG),and the correlations of HGI to PA and BP were analyzed.Patients were divided into a low HGI group(L-G,HGI≤-0.13%)and a high HGI group(H-G,HGI>-0.12%)using the median split meth-od,and their differences in BP and PA were analyzed.Moreover,the patients in each group were fur-ther divided into low,moderate,and high PA levels based on the IPAQ,and their differences in BP were compared.Results The systolic and diastolic blood pressures(DBP)were of significantly positive correlation with HGI(P<0.01),while PA was of significantly negative correlation with HGI(P<0.05),without significant association between BP and PA.Moreover,the H-G group had significantly higher BP but significantly lower total PA than the L-G group.In the H-G group,DBP increased sig-nificantly with the increase of PA(P<0.01),while in the L-G group,BP decreased significantly with it(P<0.05).Conclusion HGI is closely related to BP control in T2DM patients,and may play an im-portant mediating role in the regulation of BP by PA.Moreover,patients with low HGI levels can take higher-intensity PA to control BP,while those with high HGI levels should be cautious in choos-ing exercise intensity and avoid high-intensity PA.

Objective To explore the effect of playing moderate-intensity table tennis and badminton on myo-pia prevention among children between 7 and 9 years old,so as to provide related theoretical basis.Methods A total of 536 myopic children were initially screened from two schools in Guangzhou via questionnaires and in-terviews.Among them,36 children(7-9 years old)were selected and randomly divided into a control group,a table tennis group and a badminton group,each of 12.All groups underwent 1.5-hour training three times a week for six months,covering training on dynamic visual acuity,sports vision and attention training and the ex-ercise intensity was adjusted according the heart rate,rating of perceived exertion(RPE)and blood oxygen lev-els.Moreover,the equivalent spherical degree(SED),ocular biology,and accommodative parameters were mea-sured before and after the intervention.Results After intervention,the left eye SEDs of the control and badmin-ton groups were lower than before intervention(P<0.05).Moreover,the axial length(AL)in the left and right eyes and the axial length/corneal radius of curvature(AL/CR)of all 3 groups after intervention were significant-ly higher than before that(P<0.05).The table tennis group showed significant improvement in accommodative fa-cility(AF)in both eyes(P<0.05),while the badminton group demonstrated significant increases in AF of both eyes,amplitude of accommodation(AMP)in the right eye,but a significant decrease in the positive relative adjustment(PRA)(P<0.05).Moreover,after intervention,SE and AF of both eyes in the table tennis group was significantly higher,with lower AL and AL/CR ratios in the left eye compared to the control group(P<0.05).The badminton group exhibited greater AMP in the right eye and AF improvements in both eyes com-pared to the control and table tennis groups(P<0.05),but lower PRA(P<0.05).Moreover,the left-eye SE of the badminton group was higher than the control group(P<0.05),while the right-eye corneal curvature and the left-eye AL/CR were lower than the latter(P<0.05).Meanwhile,after the intervention,the left-eye AL and PRA of the badminton group were significantly lower than the table tennis group(P<0.05).Conclusion Pupils can effectively increase their reserve of eye adjustment,improve the adjustment function of the eye,and delay the development of myopia by playing table tennis and badminton with moderate intensity.Playing table tennis excels in delaying refractive power changes,while doing badminton significantly improves PRA,AMP,and AF.

Objective To explore the effect of training weights on energy expenditure(EE)among young males during squatting.Methods Twenty young males with strength training experience≥1 year were recruited and performed 3 sets of squats,with 5 repetitions per set,at 40%1RM,60%1RM and 80%1RM,respectively,with an interval of at least 72 hours.Oxygen uptake(VO2),heart rate,blood lactate,and the mechanical work on the barbell during squat exercises were measured before,during,and after each sets.Moreover,one-way repeated-measures ANOVA was used to compare EE differenc-es between different training weights,and two-way ANOVA was employed to examine the weight×method effect on metabolic equivalent(MET)values.Meanwhile,Pearson's correlation analysis was conducted to examine the correlation between EE and barbell mechanical work.Results(1)Training weight has significant effects on the total energy expenditure and EE during excess post-exercise oxy-gen consumption(EPOC)stage(P<0.001),while a significant increase was observed in the glycolytic EE only at 80%1RM and the aerobic EE with no less than 60%1RM(P<0.01 and P<0.05).(2)The percentage of EPOC-stage and glycolytic EE in the total energy expenditure was significantly higher than the aerobic EE(P<0.01),while that of aerobic EE at 40%1RM and 60%1RM was significantly higher than at 80%1RM(P<0.01).(3)Total energy expenditure(r=0.65,P<0.001)and EPOC-stage EE(r=0.68,P<0.001)showed moderate correlation with the mechanical work done.(4)Aerobic EE was significantly lower than the mechanical work done during squatting(P<0.001).Moreover,the MET values of squats calculated using aerobic EE during exercise at 40%-80%1RM was 2.42±0.54,2.89±0.87 and 2.7±0.56,while the MET ones calculated using the total energy expenditure reached 14.99±2.94,20.52±4.51 and 28.57±6.88.Conclusions Only EPOC-stage and glycolytic EE elevate with the increase of weight.Moreover,EE and the MET value scalculated using VO2 dur-ing exercise may under estimate the actual intensity of squat.Meanwhile,the accuracy of EE estima-tion may be improved by introducing the mechanical work.

Objective To determine the effect of knee extension constraint training on bilateral knee biomechanics and bilateral symmetry in running after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction(ACLR).Methods A total of 33 male patients with unilateral ACL injuries were randomly assigned to a BRACE group of 14 wearing a brace with limitation of knee extension,a PLACEBO group of 10 wear-ing a brace without limitation of knee extension,and a CONTROL group of 9,wearing no brace.All groups underwent unilateral hamstring-auto graft ACLR surgery,immediately followed by 12-week rou-tine rehabilitation.Between week 13 and 48,both the BRACE and PLACEBO groups wore braces for one hour on Mondays.Then,running biomechanical tests were performed at the ends of Week 12 and Week 48,and the bilateral knee extension/flexion angle,moment and inter-leg difference(ILD)were calculated.One-dimensional statistical parametric mapping(SPM1d)two-way ANOVA with repeated measures on one factor was used to identify differences in bilateral knee biomechanics and ILD among the three groups before and after the intervention.Results There was no significant interaction effect of group and time on bilateral knee flexion angle,knee extension moment,and ILD in running(P>0.05).Moreover,no significant effect of group was found on the bilateral knee biomechanics and ILD in running(P>0.05).Additionally,significant effects of time were observed on bilateral knee flexion angle and extension moment in running.However,bilateral knee flexion angle decreased during termi-nal stance(ACLR leg:89%～100%,P=0.036;non-ACLR leg:94%～100%,P=0.046),while the bi-lateral knee extension moment increased during mid-stance(ACLR leg:17%～59%,P<0.001;non-ACLR leg:38%～61%,P<0.001)between week 12 and 48.Conclusion In this study,no improvement was found in the abnormal knee biomechanics and symmetry during running in male patients after uni-lateral ACL reconstruction through long-term knee extension constraint training.Moreover,within one year after ACL reconstruction,the knee extension moment of the surgical limb increased gradually over time,with no changes in the knee flexion angle of the surgical limb and bilateral knee symme-try,suggesting that abnormal knee biomechanics and bilateral symmetry should be paid attention to in the post-surgery rehabilitation.

Objective To explore the effect of aerobic exercise on the activity of mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)signaling pathway in hippocampus of mice with different ages and its relation-ship with cognitive function.Methods Ninety one-month-old C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divid-ed into an aerobic exercise group(E,n=45)and a quiet control group(C,n=45).Group E was sub-jected to aerobic treadmill exercise with 75%VO2max intensity,while group C kept quiet.When they grew to 3,12 and 20 months,15 of them underwent Morris water maze test to test the cognitive func-tion before they were executed for their brain and hippocampus.Then,Western blotting was employed to detect the expression of mTOR,p-mTOR(Ser2448),p-S6K1(Thr389),p-4EBP1(Ser65)and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF),while immunohistochemical staining was used to detect BDNF pro-tein positive cells in the hippocampus and the integrated optical density was calculated.Results From day 3,the escape latencies in water maze navigation test of 12-month and 20-month mice were signif-icantly higher than the 3-month ones(P<0.05 or P<0.01),with those of the 20-month significantly higher than the 12-month(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Moreover,the distance in target quadrant and number of platform location crossing of the 12-month were significantly lower compared with the 3-month(P<0.05),while those of the 20-month mice were significantly lower than the 3-and 12-month(P<0.01).For 3-month old mice,p-mTOR(Ser2448),p-S6K1(Thr389),and p-4EBP1(Ser65)expressions in group E were significantly higher than group C(P<0.05 or P<0.01);but for the 12-and 20-month-old mice,p-mTOR(Ser2448),p-S6K1(Thr389),and p-4EBP1(Ser65)expressions in group E were significantly lower than those of the age-matched C groups(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Meanwhile,the ex-pression of BDNF in hippocampus of group E was significantly higher than the age-matched C groups(P<0.01).Conclusion Aerobic exercise can promote the development of cognitive function in young mice and delay the age-related degeneration in older mice,which may be realized by activating the hippocampal mTOR signaling pathway in young mice but inhibiting it in adult mice.It is suggested that the activity of mTOR signaling pathway is necessary for hippocampal memory in developing mice,but its overactivity may have adverse effects on cognition in elderly ones.

Objective To explore the relationship between gut microbiota and adult hippocampal neu-rogenesis(AHN)in the prevention of age-related neurological decline by aerobic exercise,and to clar-ify the role of microbiota-gut-brain axis in exercise enhancing AHN.Methods Sixteen 52-week-old SPF C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into an old control group(OC)and an old aerobic ex-ercise group(OE),each of 8.The OE group underwent 16-week incremental load treadmill exercise,while the control group kept quiet.After the intervention,the contents of 5-Hydroxytryptamine(5-HT),γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)and Dopamine(DA)in hippocampus were detected using ELISA,while those of glutamic amino acid(Glu)in hippocampus,as well as Acetylcholine(Ach)in hippocam-pus and serum was determined by using the ultraviolet colorimetric method.Moreover,hippocampal in-sulin-like growth factors 1(IGF1)and vascular epithelial growth factor(VEGF)and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)proteins expression were measured using Western blotting.Meanwhile,fe-cal samples were collected for microbiota analysis by 16S rDNA sequencing.Results① After 16-week aerobic exercise,compared with the OC group,the contents of 5-HT and Glu(P<0.01),DA and GA-BA(P<0.05)in hippocampus increased in the OE group.Moreover,the hippocampal and serum Ach levels in the OE group increased significantly,compared to the OC group(P<0.01).②Compared with the OC group,the expression of BDNF,VEGF and IGF1 in the OE group increased significantly(P<0.01)after 16-week aerobic exercise.③Compared with the OC group,the diversity of microbiota in the OE group increased significantly(P<0.01)after the intervention.Moreover,the relative abundance of bacteroidetes and tenericutes increased,while that of proteobacteria decreased significantly in the OE group(P<0.01).Conclusions The composition of gut microbiota and the expression of central neu-rotransmitters in aged mice were significantly improved after 16-week incremental load aerobic exer-cise.Moreover,the expression of hippocampal neurogenesis related factors and the content of central neurotransmitters in adult individuals were promoted.The microbiota-gut-brain axis plays an important role in exercise improving AHN in aged mice.

Objective To compare the early clinical efficacy of arthroscopic bridge suture combined with strengthening thread fixation for posterior cruciate ligament(PCL)tibial insertion avulsion frac-tures and traditional open double-row anchor suture fixation,and to explore a safe,effective,and min-imally invasive reduction and fixation method for PCL tibial insertion fractures in knee joint under ar-throscopy.Methods This study was a retrospective study.Sixty patients with PCL tibial insertion frac-tures(Meyers&McKeever types II-IV)and admitted to the Department of Orthopedics of Kunming Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between June 2021 and June 2023 were included,and ran-domly divided into a traditional group(age:39.56±3.24 years,male/female:16/14)and a minimally in-vasive group(age:40.32±4.38,male/female:18/12),each of 30,according to their admission or-der.All patients were of Grade III positive in the drawer test before surgery.The traditional group un-derwent posterior medial inlay incision,reduction under direct vision and double-row anchor suture fix-ation,while the minimally invasive group underwent reduction under total arthroscopy,suture-bridge suture at the tendon-bone junction of PCL,and one anchor suture placed at the femoral insertion of PCL,with the anchor suture line serving as the reinforcing suture.Then,the anchor and suture-bridge suture lines were respectively pulled into the two tunnels behind the tibia from the front and then pulled out from the front of the tibia,and the reinforcing suture was knotted in front of the tib-ia.The bridge suture line was fixed in front of the tibia with an external row anchor.Six months after surgery,both groups were evaluated the efficacy using the posterior drawer test and Lysholm score.Re-sults At the follow-up six months after the surgery,both groups had good fracture healing,with one wound infection and delayed healing in the traditional group and total one-stage heal in the other group.According to the physical examination 6 months after surgery,all were negative in the posterior drawer test,except one of degree II positive in the traditional group.Moreover,the average Lysholm score of the traditional group increased from 65.23±3.48 before surgery to 87.64±4.58 points after surgery(P<0.05),while that of the minimally invasive group increased from 64.35±2.52 to 86.82±2.58(P<0.05),showing no significant differences between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion Both techniques in this study can achieve excellent surgical outcomes in the treatment of posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fractures at the tibial insertion site.