Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a hereditary tumor syndrome caused by biallelic inactivation of the tumor suppressor gene NF1 in glial cells in the skin, nerve plexus, or brain, resulting in the development of benign tumors such as cutaneous neurofibromas, plexiform neurofibromas, and gliomas. As the first-line treatment for NF1, surgical treatment has its limitations. Finding more effective non-surgical treatment options has always been the direction of researchers' efforts. However, despite more than 40 years of research, only one drug is currently approved to treat plexiform neurofibromas, and there are no drugs specifically designed to treat other tumors with NF1. Research over the past few years has shown that NF1 patients may benefit from inhibiting different cell signaling pathways in tumor cells, targeting cells in the tumor microenvironment, or currently mature gene therapy. In this review, we provide an overview of nonsurgical treatment options that have previously completed clinical trials, those currently undergoing clinical trials, and recent research advances that may translate into new treatment options for patients with NF1 in the future.

Nerve dysfunction and alterations in genetic material are important factors in hyperhidrosis. In recent years, numerous clinical trials have confirmed the effectiveness and safety of botulinum toxin type A as a neurotoxin and cytotoxin in the treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis. This article describes the pathogenesis of hyperhidrosis and the application and mechanism research progress of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis, hoping to provide a basis for basic studies and clinical treatment related to axillary hyperhidrosis and botulinum toxin type A.

Objective:To identify potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of hair color and hair shaft abnormalities, providing novel insights and approaches for managing related conditions.Methods:Using the pQTL data from large-scale proteomics studies, a two-sample Mendelian randomization (TwoSampleMR) was conducted to preliminarily identify potential drug therapeutic targets. Subsequently, sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate potential confounding factors such as heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy, and a leave-one-out sensitivity analysis was conducted by eliminating each single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) one by one. Finally, co-localization analysis was carried out to explore whether there are shared genetic variants between the identified plasma proteins and traits.Results:The proteomic data used in this study included 4, 907 pQTLs, while the genetic data related to hair pigmentation and shaft abnormalities comprised 124 cases and 432, 686 controls. After Mendelian randomization screening, six candidate protein genes were identified: HLA-DQA2, CTSB, KIR2DS2, SVEP1, HOMER2, and HOMER1. Sensitivity analyses revealed no evidence of heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy among these proteins. Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis indicated that no single SNP significantly influenced the overall result. Notably, HOMER2 was supported by colocalization analysis with strong evidence, suggesting its potential role in regulating genetic mechanisms underlying hair pigmentation and shaft health.Conclusions:This study identified six potential therapeutic targets for hair pigmentation and shaft abnormalities, with HOMER2 showing stronger evidence. These findings provide novel directions for the treatment of hair color and hair shaft abnormalities.

Migraine disorders, a common disabling headache condition, is the second largest contributor to global neurological disability-adjusted life-years. Since 2000, migraine surgery has been pioneered and elaborated by plastic surgeons. For certain patients, migraine episodes are associated with "trigger sites" caused by compression of the peripheral nerves in the head and neck region. Botulinum toxin type A injections or nerve blocks, clinical manifestations and image studies can help confirm the trigger sites. Surgical deactivation of the trigger sites can effectively alleviate or eliminate migraine disorders, with the optimal result incorporated with experience and principles of plastic and cosmetic surgery.

Radiation-induced skin injury can occur following multiple radiotherapy treatments or nuclear accidents, significantly impacting patients’ quality of life. Radiation-induced skin ulcers often fail to heal and currently lack effective treatment options. Previous studies have demonstrated that cellular senescence is a critical factor contributing to the impaired healing of these ulcers. This article reviews the occurrence and progression of radiation-induced skin damage, the role of cellular senescence in wound healing, potential mechanisms and related biomarkers, and explores the significance of removing senescent cells in alleviating radiation-induced skin damage. It is hoped that this review will provide new insights for the treatment of radiation-induced skin injuries.

Rhytidectomy, as the most effective method for improving facial aging at present, precisely restores the position of facial anatomical structures. However, for facial aging accompanied by soft tissue or bone atrophy, the improvement effect of rhytidectomy alone is inadequate, and simultaneous restoration of facial volume is required to achieve better facial rejuvenation results. Therefore, rhytidectomy combined with fat grafting has received increasing attention in facial rejuvenation in recent years. This paper reviewed the research progress of facial rhytidectomy, fat grafting, and their combined approaches.

Inverted nipple is a common type of breast deformity in women, which not only affects appearance and function, but may also seriously damage the physical and mental health of female patients. The reports on its prevalence vary, roughly ranging from 3.0% to 23.0%. Currently, conservative treatment or minimally invasive surgery are feasible options for mild patients. However, moderate to severe patients usually require surgical correction. Given that surgery may cause loss of breastfeeding function and sensory ability, in recent years, many scholars have been committed to improving existing technologies or proposing innovative method . These method tailor treatment plans for patients based on factors such as the severity of their condition, age, and the need for breastfeeding, thereby achieving significant therapeutic effects. This article reviews the general situation of the field at home and abroad over the past 40 years and the common treatment method and progress of inverted nipples.

Abdominoplasty is one of the most widely performed plastic surgeries globally, with steadily increasing cases in China. Stress urinary incontinence is one important characteristic of pelvic organ prolapse, significantly impacting patients’ quality of life and contributing to increased healthcare burdens on society. This review tries to explore the impact of abdominoplasty on stress urinary incontinence in females and provides more information on their relationship.

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a common and serious complication of diabetes. Current treatment methods typically focus on controlling blood glucose levels, routine care, anti-infection, debridement, and other aspects. However, these approaches have not consistently yielded satisfactory results. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are characterized by their diverse sources, ease of acquisition, and low immunogenicity, making them a prominent topic of research area in the field of stem cells. ADSCs have emerged as a new strategy for the treatment of DFUs. This review aims to describe the pathophysiological characteristics of diabetic foot ulcers, the advantages and biological functions of ADSCs, and their mechanisms for promoting wound healing in DFUs, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the clinical application of ADSCs in the treatment of DFUs.

The anatomy of the superficial temporal artery and its branches exhibit individual differences, and traditional anatomical study method cannot objectively, truly, or accurately reflect the characteristics of individual anatomical structures. Based on three-dimensional(3D) reconstruction technology, the microstructure and blood supply range of individual superficial temporal arteries can be accurately explored. This article reviewed the anatomy of superficial temporal artery based on 3D reconstruction for clinical application by extensively reviewing the relevant literature on the research and application of 3D reconstruction of superficial temporal artery by CT angiography and magnetic resonance imaging in recent years, and provided precise anatomical reference for the 3D reconstruction technique of superficial temporal artery and related surgery.