In the past 6 years, significant breakthroughs have been achieved in the treatment of heart failure (HF), especially in drug therapy. The classification of chronic HF and the treatment methods for HF and its complications are also constantly being updated. In order to apply these results to the diagnosis and treatment of patients with HF in China and further improve the level of diagnosis and treatment of HF in China, the HF Group of Chinese Society of Cardiology, Chinese Medical Association, Chinese College of Cardiovascular Physician, Chinese HF Association of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, and Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Cardiology have organized an expert group and update the consensus and evidence-based treatment methods in the field of HF based on the latest clinical research findings at home and abroad, combined with the national conditions and clinical practice in China, and referring to the latest foreign HF guidelines while maintaining the basic framework of the 2018 Chinese Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of HF.

Effective lipid management can significantly reduce the burden of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease(ASCVD).However,lipid management for ASCVD prevention and treatment in China still faces the challenges of low attainment rate and poor adherence.An increasing body of evidence suggests that a single-pill combination(SPC)of statin and non-statin agents is effective for improving blood lipid control rate,improving treatment adherence,and reducing adverse cardiovascular events.To standardize the clinical application of the cholesterol-lowering single-pill combination therapy in China,the"Chinese Expert Consensus on Clinical Application of Single-pill Combination of Cholesterol-lowering Agents"was developed with the efforts of a number of domestic experts from cardiovascular,cerebrovascular,endocrinological,and pharmacological fields.The advantages in clinical application and clinical research of cholesterol-lowering SPC were elaborated in this consensus,and the clinical pathway of lipid management for ASCVD prevention and treatment was formulated.Meanwhile,suggestions on the applicable population,usage and dosage,and management of adverse events of cholesterol-lowering SPC were provided.