We experienced a 61-year old man with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia who had been diagnosed as having relapsed acute myelogenous leukemia(AML). He developed severe dyspnea in the nadir state after reinduction chemotherapy. His chest X-ray showed bilateral interstitial pneumonia in both lung fields. We started ventilator therapy and obtained sputum through the endotracheal tube. Typical P. carinii cysts were found in the sputum by Giemsa stain. No other organisms were found in thelavage sediments. From clinical observation and the presence of typical P. carinii cysts, the patient was diagnosed as having P. carinii pneumonia and was treated with sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and glucocorticoid. This was the first reported case of P. carinii pneumonia in an AML patient undergoing chemotherapy in Korea.
Azure Stains ; Drug Therapy ; Dyspnea ; Humans ; Korea ; Leukemia ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute* ; Lung ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; Middle Aged ; Pneumocystis carinii* ; Pneumocystis* ; Pneumonia ; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis* ; Sputum ; Thorax ; Ventilators, Mechanical

In summarizing the results of the experimental studies up to the present, it is conjectured that the pathogenicity of Entamoeba histolytica or establishment of amoebiasis is not unique but differs by strain and age of Entamoeba histolytica and the age of the host. A non-virulent strain is more likely adapt to as low a temperature as 32 . This is not so in the strains which originated form clinical cases. Iso-enzyme patterns may roughly characterize pathogenic strains from non-pathogenic, Red blood cells may contribute as nutrients for growth of Entamoeba histolytica only after they have been hemolysed, but they are toxic to the amoebae as long as they remains intact. A low protein diet and stress may facilitate the establishment of amoebiasis; male sex hormones or previous infection by enteric bacteria provide a more advantageous condition than the female; and hepatotoxic agents will accelerate amoebic hepatitis.
2-Acetylaminofluorene ; Animal ; Antigens, Neoplasm/*isolation and purification ; Antigens, Surface/isolation and purification ; Diethylnitrosamine ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced/*immunology ; Methyldimethylaminoazobenzene ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

An epidemiological survey on Metagonimus yokogawai infection was performed in the eastern coast area of Kangwon province. Formalin-ether concentration technique and Stoll's dilution egg counting method were employed to figure out the prevalence and intensity of M. yokogawai infection and eating habits of inhabitants with raw freshwater fish. The results are summarized as follows: The prevalence rate of M. yokogawai infection was 6.6% among a total of 2,357 examinees; 8.6% (115 out of 1,345) in male and 4.0% (40 out of 1,012) in female. The prevalence rates were different by the streams where the examinees were residing: 17.8% along the area of Ohsip-cheon (stream), 11.8% along Maeup-cheon, 1.7% along Hwasang-cheon, 1.3% along Yeongok-cheon, 0.9% along Namdae-cheon, 0.9% along Sa-cheon and 0% in the other streams (Yongchon-cheon, Kangnung Namdae-cheon and Jusoo-cheon) in decreasing order. By social strata, the positive rate was 8.0% (122 out of 1,521) in general inhabitants and 3.9% (33 out of 836) in school children. By the intensity of infection by means of EPG counts in feces; the light infection (less than 400/EPG) was 74.1%, moderate infection (401-1,000/EPG) 17.3% and heavy infection (more than 1,001/EPG) 8.6%. Twelves out of 50 sweetfish (Plecoglossus altivelis) (24%) caught from the streams in eastern coast of Kangwon-Do were infected with metacercariae of M. yokogawai, and the number of larvae detected were 70.7 per fish in average. The metacercarial infection rate in fish were also different by the streams; 100% in Ohsip-cheon of Samcheok-Gun, 14.3% in Sa-cheon, 16.7% in Yeongok-cheon of Myeongju-Gun and 0% in Namdae-cheon of Yangyang-Gun, respectively. Six hundred ninety five (695) out of 1,396 inhabitants and school children (49.8%) were experienced in eating raw freshwater fishes (Plecoglossus altivelis, Tribolodon hakonensis, Coreoperca sp., Moroco sp., Carassius sp. & Cyprinus sp. and Zacco platypus). The data were assayed with the questionnaire collected from the examinees. In summarizing the above results, it is known that the Ohsip-cheon area of Samcheok-Gun is highly infected region, and the other areas of Kangnung Namdae-cheon, Yeongok-cheon and Yangyang Namdae-cheon are very lowly infected or non-infected regions for M. yokogawai infection.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Metagonimus yokogawai ; epidemiology ; Plecoglossus altivelis

This report deals with an imported case of calabar swelling suspective of loiasis, who had been in Nigeria, Africa for 2 years. This 33-year-old Korean technician was admitted to Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Medical Center, because of erythematous swellings on left hand and foot. His peripheral blood showed persistent eosinophilia (over 30 percent of WBC), increased IgE(1,000 unit/ml) and significantly high antifilarial antibody titer with enzyme immunoassay, although no microfilaria was detected on the peripheral blood films. Under the impression of Loa loa infection diethylcarbamazine was administered for a month. Four months later mobile swellings and eosinophilia disappeared, and anti-filarial antibody titers were normalized. It is assumed that the patient had suffered from Loa loa infection, which is the first report on loiasis in Korea.
parasitolgy-helminth-nematoda ; Loa loa ; loiasis ; case report ; Nigeria ; imported disease

A case of congenital malaria infection has been studied in a 46-day old female Korean infant. Her mother suffered from malaria infection during pregnancy in Uppervolta, Africa, and returned to Korea at the 9th month of gestation for delivery. At 39 days of age, the clinical features characterized by fever, irritability, pallor, jaundice and hepatosplenomegaly were developed. The laboratory data revealed a hemolytic anemia with thrombocytopenia, hyperbilirubinemia and increased hepatic enzyme values. A peripheral blood smear demonstrated intraerythrocytic malarial parasites snd gametocytes of Plasmodium falcifarum. She was successfully treated with quinine sulfate (25 mg/kg/day in three doses for 5 days) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (8 mg/kg/day in two doses for 5 days) orally, and repeated blood smear had been negative for malaria. This report also signifies the frst description of congenital malaria in Korea imported from Uppervolta in Africa. A brief review of related literature was made.
parasitology-protozoa ; malaria-congenital ; Plasmodium falciparum ; quinine ; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

A number of studies on the papillae of cercariae of trematodes reported that the papillar patterns (or chaetotaxy) of cercariae might be an excellent method to attain better understanding of the digenetic trematodes (Richard, 1971; Short and Cartrett, 1973; Bayssade-Dufour, 1979). The present study was aimed to determine the number, distribution pattern and structure of the sensory papillae of Metagonimus yokogawai cercariae, and to elucidate the chaetotaxy of this digenetic trematode. M. yokogawai cercariae were pipetted from a vial in which infected snails (Semisulcospira libertica) had been kept for 3 hours. The snails were collected from an endemic area of M. yokogawai, Boseong river in west-southern part of Korea. Observations of papillae were based on light microscopy of those stained with silver nitrate, and on scanning electron microscopy. The results are summarized as follows: All papillae observed were uniciliated. Cilia in anterior tip were shorter than the others in other portions. The body papillae were arranged in essentially symmetrical patterns. Total number of the papillae was 126(63 pairs) in average; anterior tip 40(20 pairs), ventral 20(10 pairs), lateral 42(21 pairs), and caudal 8(4 pairs). The chaetotaxy of M. yokogawai cercaria was; C(I) cycle (3+3C(I)V, 2+2C(I)L, 2+3C(I)D), C(II) cycle(2C(II)V, 1C(II)L, 2C(II)D), C(III) cycle (1+lC(III)V, 1C(III)L), C(IV) cycle (1C(IV)V, 1C(IV)L) in cephalic region: A(I)(lA(I)V, l+2A(I)L, 1A(I)D), A(II)(1A(II)V, 1+3A(II)L, lA(II)D), A(III) {lA(III)V, l+lA(III)L, lA(III)D) and A(IV)(lA(IV)V, 2A(IV)L) in antacetabular region: 1M(I)V and 2M(I)L in median: 1+lP(I)L, 1P(II)L, lP(II)D lP(III)L, lP(IV)L and 1P(IV)D in postacetabular region: 2-2-2-2 in caudal region.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Metagonimus yokogawai ; electronmicroscopy ; Plecoglossus altivelis ; sensory papila ; cercaria

Present study was undertaken to elucidate the changes of the ultrastructure of Naegleria fowleri trophozoite in brain tissue of mice and culture medium. Naegleria fowleri, 0359 strain, which used in this study was cultured in axenic liquid medium, CGVS medium. Each mouse was inoculated with 1 x 10(5) amoebas intranasally under secobarbital anesthesia, and sacrificed on 7th day after the infection. Comparative observation of the ultrastructure of the amoebas in axenic culture and experimentally infected mice brain was done with transmission electron microscope. The results are summarized as follows: The amoebas in mouse brain tissue were round in outline, whereas those of amoebas from axenic culture showed irregular appearance. Mitochondria in the amoebas from axenic culture was oval, round and cylindrical shape and darkly stained, whereas those of the amoebas from mouse brain tissue showed dumbbell shape together with above forms. The stain was not unique, but light and/or dark. Rough endoplasmic reticulum of amoebas in brain tissue was tubular, but from culture it was vesicular or tubular in shape. Empty vacuoles were demonstrated in amoebas from culture, while food vacuoles with myelinated structures were abundant in those from tissue, suggesting a strong phagocytic activity. Mouse brain tissue infected were extensively destroyed, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes were infiltrated predominantly with inflammatory lesion. Amoebas were observed in the vicinity of the capillary.
parasitology-protozoa ; Naegleria fowleri ; primary amoebic meningoencephalitis ; CGVS medium ; electron microscopy ; culture ; brain ; mouse

Serum IgE level and Clonorchis specific IgE in individuals with Clonorchis sinensis were determined by radioimmunosorbent(RIST) and radioallergosorbent technique(RAST) respectively. Highly significant elevations of serum IgE (P<0.001) and specific IgE antibodies (P<0.01) were observed in area from individuals with clonorchiasis. The mean values of serum IgE in individuals with clonorchiasis and healthy individuals were 2,372 IU/ml and 364 IU/ml respectively and specific IgE antibodies of both groups were 52.0 and 4.4%. A close correlation(r=0.9451) between serum IgE level and specific IgE antibodies were observed and correlation (r=0.6056) between serum IgE and EPG and between specific IgE and EPG(r=0.5693) were also observed.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Clonorchis sinensis ; clonorchiasis ; immunology ; radioimmunosorbent test ; radioallergosorbent test ; IgA ; IgE ; serum

The prevalence of C. sinensis infection along the Nam river, Korea, was 38.7% of 5,291 people examined. Prevalence rates varied from 42% at the upper stream to 34% at the middle stream and 40% at the down stream region. Rates were highest (53.4-54.3%) in the 30-59 years of age group. The positive rates in primary school chidren, school students, teachers and local officers, and other inhabitants were 16.5%, 22.6%, 46.2% and 49.6% respectively. 53.6% of cases were light infected, i.e. less than 4,000/EPG. The cercarial expulsion rate of 5,005 Parafossarulus sp. was 0.34%. Snails naturally infected with C. sinensis expelled about 788 cercariae/day. Ten of 18 species of freshwater fish examined had C. sinensis metacercariae. To prevent clonorchiasis in the endemic areas, the effective health education system is suggested as a control measure. [retyped from English summary]
parasitology-helminth-trmatoda ; Clonorchis sinensis ; clonorchiasis ; epidemiology ; Pseudorasbora parva ; Parafossarulus sp. ; Loxogenes liberum ; Cyathocotyle orientalis ; Notocotylus attenuatus ; Zacco platypus ; Hemibarbus sp. ; Gnathopogon sp. ; Ischikauia steenackeri ; Pseudogobio esocinus

This review dealt with biology, host-parasite relationship, symptomatology, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment of Entamoeba histolytica infection and free livng amoeba.
parasitology-protozoa ; Entamoeba histolytica ; Entabmoeba gingivalis ; Trichomonas tenax ; Naegleria sp. ; Naegleria fowleri ; Acanthamoeba lenticulata ; Acanthamoeba sp. ; biology ; epidemiology ; diagnosis ; chemotherapy ; metronidazole ; onidazole ; tinidazole