Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)is closely associated with short-term and long-term adverse outcomes for both mothers and fetuses.In recent years,with the global prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)constantly rising,there is a significant increase in GDM incidence,with notable regional variations.Current challenges in GDM management include insufficient early screening or diagnosis,limited personalized intervention strategies,and poor adherence to long-term follow-up.Key research priorities for the future include optimizing screening methods for high-risk populations,enhancing targeted lifestyle interventions,and establishing effective follow-up and long-term health management systems.In December 2024,the American Diabetes Association(ADA)released the Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025(hereafter referred to as ADA[2025]),providing updated perspectives on the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes mellitus,as well as an overview of the definition,screening and diagnostic criteria,and management strategies for GDM.Based on ADA(2025)and the circumstances of clinical practice in China,we summarized the latest advancements in GDM research,aiming to improve comprehensive management strategies to prevent,delay,and improve adverse outcomes associated with GDM.

Objective::To evaluate the impact of pregestational and gestational characteristics on postpartum glucose follow-up screening (PGFS) compliance in women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in southwest China.Methods::This retrospective cohort study was conducted in West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University. Pregestational and gestational factors were extracted from hospital records and compared between women who completed PGFS and those who did not. The screening method chosen was the 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), performed 4–12 weeks postpartum. Univariate analysis, logistic regression analysis, and Cochran-Armitage test were used to assess associations between maternal characteristics and PGFS compliance.Results::A total of 3047 women with GDM were included, with a PGFS completion rate of 47.2%. Of those who completed PGFS, 430 women (29.9%) presented abnormal results: 1.8% with impaired fasting glucose (IFG), 24.1% with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), 2.2% with both IFG and IGT, and 1.8% with suspected diabetes. Independent factors associated with non-compliance to PGFS included higher pregestational BMI (odds ratio ( OR): 0.952; 95% confidence interval ( CI): 0.922, 0.984), multipara ( OR: 0.721; 95% CI: 0.593, 0.877), use of assisted reproduction technology (ART) ( OR: 1.427; 95% CI: 1.080, 1.885), excessive gestational weight gain ( OR: 0.956; 95% CI: 0.936, 0.977), elevated fasting plasma glucose (FPG) prior to delivery ( OR: 0.909; 95% CI: 0.835, 0.988), and undergoing cesarean section ( OR: 1.232; 95% CI: 1.017, 1.492). PGFS completion rates significantly decreased with increasing pregestational BMI and earlier gestational age ( P < 0.001). Conclusion::Establishing dedicated postpartum follow-up teams and targeting women with higher pregestational BMI, multiparity, ART use, excessive gestational weight gain, elevated pre-delivery FPG, and those undergoing cesarean section are critical to improving postpartum GDM management.

Objective::To evaluate the impact of pregestational and gestational characteristics on postpartum glucose follow-up screening (PGFS) compliance in women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in southwest China.Methods::This retrospective cohort study was conducted in West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University. Pregestational and gestational factors were extracted from hospital records and compared between women who completed PGFS and those who did not. The screening method chosen was the 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), performed 4–12 weeks postpartum. Univariate analysis, logistic regression analysis, and Cochran-Armitage test were used to assess associations between maternal characteristics and PGFS compliance.Results::A total of 3047 women with GDM were included, with a PGFS completion rate of 47.2%. Of those who completed PGFS, 430 women (29.9%) presented abnormal results: 1.8% with impaired fasting glucose (IFG), 24.1% with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), 2.2% with both IFG and IGT, and 1.8% with suspected diabetes. Independent factors associated with non-compliance to PGFS included higher pregestational BMI (odds ratio ( OR): 0.952; 95% confidence interval ( CI): 0.922, 0.984), multipara ( OR: 0.721; 95% CI: 0.593, 0.877), use of assisted reproduction technology (ART) ( OR: 1.427; 95% CI: 1.080, 1.885), excessive gestational weight gain ( OR: 0.956; 95% CI: 0.936, 0.977), elevated fasting plasma glucose (FPG) prior to delivery ( OR: 0.909; 95% CI: 0.835, 0.988), and undergoing cesarean section ( OR: 1.232; 95% CI: 1.017, 1.492). PGFS completion rates significantly decreased with increasing pregestational BMI and earlier gestational age ( P < 0.001). Conclusion::Establishing dedicated postpartum follow-up teams and targeting women with higher pregestational BMI, multiparity, ART use, excessive gestational weight gain, elevated pre-delivery FPG, and those undergoing cesarean section are critical to improving postpartum GDM management.