Objective: To explore the relationship between visual acuity and physical fitness of university freshmen, so as to provide reference for myopia prevention and control for freshmen. Methods: From October to November 2022, 2 160 college freshman without majoring in public safety administration, selected from Guangxi Police College in 2022 by using the stratified cluster random sampling method, were reviewed for the results of visual acuity test and physical fitness scores. The physical fitness indices were evaluated by using the Z scores of physical fitness test scores, and the strength of association between the level of physical fitness index and myopia was analyzed by using Logistic regression model. Results: Among 2 160 college freshman without majoring in public safety administration, 917 (42.5%) students were diagnosed screening myopia, including 66 (3.1%) cases of high myopia, 383 (17.7%) cases of moderate myopia and 468 (21.7%) cases of mild myopia. The differences in the distribution of visual acuity tests among students with different physical fitness indices, body mass index, and gender were statistically significant ( Z/H=54.50, 49.53, 15.51, P <0.01). Low level and low middle level physical fitness indices were associated with screening myopia among freshmen[ OR (95% CI )=2.81(1.93-4.08),1.87(1.38-2.54)], and low level physical fitness indexes were associated with high myopia [ OR (95% CI )=7.22(2.33-22.32)] ( P <0.01). Conclusions Screening myopia among college freshman without majoring in public safety administration is related to physical fitness, and low level and low middle level physical fitness index are risk factors for myopia. Improving the level of physical fitness might be effective in preventing myopia.

ObjectiveThis study leverages structural data from antigen-antibody complexes of the influenza A virus neuraminidase (NA) protein to investigate the spatial recognition relationship between the antigenic epitopes and antibody paratopes. MethodsStructural data on NA protein antigen-antibody complexes were comprehensively collected from the SAbDab database, and processed to obtain the amino acid sequences and spatial distribution information on antigenic epitopes and corresponding antibody paratopes. Statistical analysis was conducted on the antibody sequences, frequency of use of genes, amino acid preferences, and the lengths of complementarity determining regions (CDR). Epitope hotspots for antibody binding were analyzed, and the spatial structural similarity of antibody paratopes was calculated and subjected to clustering, which allowed for a comprehensively exploration of the spatial recognition relationship between antigenic epitopes and antibodies. The specificity of antibodies targeting different antigenic epitope clusters was further validated through bio-layer interferometry (BLI) experiments. ResultsThe collected data revealed that the antigen-antibody complex structure data of influenza A virus NA protein in SAbDab database were mainly from H3N2, H7N9 and H1N1 subtypes. The hotspot regions of antigen epitopes were primarily located around the catalytic active site. The antibodies used for structural analysis were primarily derived from human and murine sources. Among murine antibodies, the most frequently used V-J gene combination was IGHV1-12*01/IGHJ2*01, while for human antibodies, the most common combination was IGHV1-69*01/IGHJ6*01. There were significant differences in the lengths and usage preferences of heavy chain CDR amino acids between antibodies that bind within the catalytic active site and those that bind to regions outside the catalytic active site. The results revealed that structurally similar antibodies could recognize the same epitopes, indicating a specific spatial recognition between antibody and antigen epitopes. Structural overlap in the binding regions was observed for antibodies with similar paratope structures, and the competitive binding of these antibodies to the epitope was confirmed through BLI experiments. ConclusionThe antigen epitopes of NA protein mainly ditributed around the catalytic active site and its surrounding loops. Spatial complementarity and electrostatic interactions play crucial roles in the recognition and binding of antibodies to antigenic epitopes in the catalytic region. There existed a spatial recognition relationship between antigens and antibodies that was independent of the uniqueness of antibody sequences, which means that antibodies with different sequences could potentially form similar local spatial structures and recognize the same epitopes.

Objective : To investigate the brain microvascular tissue block culture method for extracting primary rat brain microvascular endothelial cells and identify its effect. Methods : Brain tissue from 4-week-old Sprague Dawley rats was screened, pre-digested and solidified to obtain brain microvascular segments. These segments were subsequently placed in a CO2incubator for primary culture. The target cells were identified by cell morphology and immunocytochemical staining for factor Ⅷ-related antigen. Results : After a 48-hour culture periodin vitro, the short spindle cells crawled out from around the brain microvascular segments. After 72 hours, island-like cell culsters formed. After 96 hours the clusters fused and the cells formed a typical monolayer, cobble stone-like, and mosaic arrangement. Factor Ⅷ-related antigen immunocytochemical staining showed that the cytoplasm of the cells appeared brown-red, indicating positive expression; DAB stained the nucleus, showing blue-dark. Conclusion The brain microvascular tissue block culture method can isolate and culture primary rat brain microvascular endothelial cells.

Objective:To explore the cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) screening and intervention based on family doctor contract services.Methods:From January 2023 to October 2023, using purposive sampling and a cross-sectional survey method, 1 040 individuals aged 60 to 75 years who underwent physical examinations at community health service centers in Shanghai Minhang district were selected as research subjects. The subjects were divided into a control group ( n=532) and a study group ( n=508). The control group received conventional community health education and participated in a COPD screening and intervention program provided by the examination center. The study group received COPD screening and intervention provided by contracted family doctors under a tightly integrated medical consortium. The screening content for both groups included initial and follow-up risk assessment questionnaires, pulmonary function tests, bronchodilator tests, and CT scans. A comparative analysis was conducted on the screening compliance rate, positive rate, and cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit between the two groups. Results:A total of 251 individuals at high risk for COPD and confirmed COPD patients were identified through initial and re-screening in both groups, accounting for 24.13% of the subjects, including 222 individuals at high risk (21.35%) and 29 confirmed patients (2.79%). The study group had significantly higher compliance rates in questionnaire-based initial screening, questionnaire-based re-screening+pulmonary function tests, bronchodilator experiments, diagnosis, and subsequent CT scans than the control group ( &chi;2=33.563, 41.425, 24.842, 17.363, all P<0.05).There were significant higher proportions of high-risk individuals and patients identified through screening in the study group than those in the control group ( &chi;2=44.880, all P<0.05). The study group had significantly higher positive rates of questionnaire-based initial screening, pulmonary function tests, bronchodilator experiments, and CT scans than the control group ( &chi;2=29.191, 11.313, 12.370, 4.429, all P<0.05). The overall costs of the screening in the control and study groups were 36 100 and 53 900 yuan, respectively. The cost of pulmonary function tests in the screening for the control and study groups was 1.44 million and 2.45 million yuan, respectively, accounting for 43.19% of the total cost, which was the highest proportion among all costs. The per capita cost for identifying one high-risk individual or patient with COPD was 358.46 Yuan, and the cost in study groups was significantly lower than that in the control group (322.75 vs. 429.45 yuan, &chi;2=20.396, P<0.05). The per capita net benefits and cost-benefit ratios for the overall subjects in the two groups were 0.37 million yuan and 43.50, respectively. The average net benefit of the study group and the control group was 0.49 million yuan and 0.26 million yuan respectively. The average net benefit of the study group was 0.23 million yuan higher than that of the control group. The cost-benefit ratio of the study group and the control group were 46.77 and 38.61, respectively. The cost-benefit ratio of the study group was 8.16 higher than that of the control group. Conclusion:The screening and intervention for COPD based on family doctor contract services have significant effectiveness, with a marked improvement in screening compliance and high cost-effectiveness, and can be used in community medical institutions with relatively sound family doctor and medical consortium services for targeted COPD screening.

Objective To explore the changes in early serum calcium,serum phosphorus,and calcium-phosphorus product levels in patients with fractures and analyze their correlation with the fracture site.Methods 1 049 patients with fractures admitted to Sichuan Province Orthopedic Hospital from January 2021 to November 2023 were selected as the research subjects.According to the fracture location,they were roughly divided into two groups:upper body fracture(n=478)and lower body fracture(n=571).Carefully divided into ten groups:vertebral fracture(n=108),clavicle fracture(n=109),upper limb fracture(n=106),hand fracture(n=104),femoral neck fracture(n=103),femoral intertrochanteric fracture(n=106),patella fracture(n=101),lower limb fracture(n=103),foot fracture(n=105)and other fractures(n=104).Another 110 cases of healthy physical examination people during the same period were selected as the control group.Venous blood was drawn from all patients twice on the day of emergency within 24 to 48 hours after admission,serum calcium and serum phosphorus were measured,and the calcium-phosphorus product was calculated.Compare the changes in the levels of the three and analyzed their correlation with the fracture site.Results Compared with the control group,the serum calcium(2.27±0.12 mmol/L,2.19±0.12 mmol/L vs 2.35±0.10mmol/L),serum phosphorus(1.00±0.20mmol/L,1.08±0.19mmol/L vs 1.15±0.15mmol/L),and calcium-phosphorus product(28.10±6.00mg/dl,29.30±5.85mg/dl vs 33.41±4.87mg/dl)of fracture patients were all reduced on the day of emergency and 24 to 48 hours after admission,and the differences were statistically significant(t=6.804,12.501;7.475,3.722;8.964,7.115,all P＜0.01).Comparing upper and lower body fractures,serum calcium,serum phosphorus,and calcium-phosphorus product on the emergency day was lower in lower body fracture than in upper body fracture(t=4.129,5.931,6.660,all P＜0.01),24 to 48 hours after admission,only the serum calcium and calcium-phosphorus product were lower in lower body fracture than in upper body fracture(t=6.432,1.990,all P＜0.05),and the differences were statistically significant,respectively.Comparing along the time axis,24 to 48 hours after admission compared with the emergency day,both upper and lower body fractures showed a decrease in serum calcium and an increase in serum phosphorus(t=12.779,-5.730;16.919,-14.358),calcium-phosphorus product only increased in lower body fracture(t=-8.860),and the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.01),respectively.Compared with the day of emergency,24 to 48 hours after admission for patients with fractures in different parts,except for vertebral fracture,serum calcium in the other nine groups decreased(t=6.233～11.349,all P＜0.01),except for upper limb fracture and hand fracture,the serum phosphorus in the other eight groups increased(t=-7.770～-3.327,all P＜0.01),the calcium-phosphorus product of vertebral fracture,femoral neck fracture,femoral intertrochanteric fracture,lower limb fracture,foot fracture,and other fractures increased(t=-5.819～-2.927,all P＜0.01),and the differences were statistically significant,respectively.Conclusion The serum calcium,serum phosphorus,and calcium-phosphorus product of patients with fractures all decreased on the day of emergency.24 to 48 hours later,the serum calcium of most patients continued to decrease while the serum phosphorus and calcium-phosphorus product gradually increased.The degree of change in their levels was related to the fracture site.

Objective: To explore the etiological diagnostic value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related peritonitis. Methods: The study was a retrospective cohort study. The clinical data of patients with PD-related peritonitis who were treated and underwent microbial cultivation and mNGS test at the same time from June 2020 to July 2021 in the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University were analyzed. The positive rate, detection time and consistency between mNGS test and traditional microbial culture were compared. Results: A total of 18 patients with age of (50.4±15.4) years old and median dialysis time of 34.0 (12.4, 62.0) months were enrolled in the study, including 11 males and 7 females. Pathogenic microorganisms were isolated in 17 patients by mNGS test, with a positive rate of 17/18, which was higher than 13/18 of microbial culture, but the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.219). Both mNGS test and microbial culture isolated positive pathogenic bacteria in 12 patients, and mNGS test isolated the same types of pathogenic bacteria as microbial cultivation did in 11 patients. In five patients with negative microbial culture, mNGS test also isolated pathogenic microorganisms, including 3 cases of Staphylococcus epidermidis, 1 case of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and 1 case of Ureaplasma urealyticum. In 1 patient, microbial culture isolated pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli) whereas mNGS test did not. The detection time of mNGS was 25.0 (24.0, 27.0) h, which was significantly shorter than 89.0 (72.8, 122.0) h of microbial culture (Z=3.726, P<0.001). Conclusions: mNGS test can improve the detection rate of pathogenic microorganisms in PD-related peritonitis and greatly shorten the detection time, and has good consistency with microbial culture. mNGS may provide a new approach for pathogen identification of PD-related peritonitis, especially refractory peritonitis.
Female ; Male ; Humans ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Peritoneal Dialysis/adverse effects* ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Peritonitis/diagnosis* ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Animals ; Reflex, Startle ; Models, Animal ; Acoustics

Platelets are reprogrammed by cancer via a process called education, which favors cancer development. The transcriptional profile of tumor-educated platelets (TEPs) is skewed and therefore practicable for cancer detection. This intercontinental, hospital-based, diagnostic study included 761 treatment-naïve inpatients with histologically confirmed adnexal masses and 167 healthy controls from nine medical centers (China, n = 3; Netherlands, n = 5; Poland, n = 1) between September 2016 and May 2019. The main outcomes were the performance of TEPs and their combination with CA125 in two Chinese (VC1 and VC2) and the European (VC3) validation cohorts collectively and independently. Exploratory outcome was the value of TEPs in public pan-cancer platelet transcriptome datasets. The AUCs for TEPs in the combined validation cohort, VC1, VC2, and VC3 were 0.918 (95% CI 0.889-0.948), 0.923 (0.855-0.990), 0.918 (0.872-0.963), and 0.887 (0.813-0.960), respectively. Combination of TEPs and CA125 demonstrated an AUC of 0.922 (0.889-0.955) in the combined validation cohort; 0.955 (0.912-0.997) in VC1; 0.939 (0.901-0.977) in VC2; 0.917 (0.824-1.000) in VC3. For subgroup analysis, TEPs exhibited an AUC of 0.858, 0.859, and 0.920 to detect early-stage, borderline, non-epithelial diseases and 0.899 to discriminate ovarian cancer from endometriosis. TEPs had robustness, compatibility, and universality for preoperative diagnosis of ovarian cancer since it withstood validations in populations of different ethnicities, heterogeneous histological subtypes, and early-stage ovarian cancer. However, these observations warrant prospective validations in a larger population before clinical utilities.
Humans ; Female ; Blood Platelets/pathology* ; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics* ; Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology* ; China

Objective:To evaluate the performance of an artificial intelligent (AI)-based automated digital cell morphology analyzer (hereinafter referred as AI morphology analyzer) in detecting peripheral white blood cells (WBCs).Methods:A multi-center study. 1. A total of 3010 venous blood samples were collected from 11 tertiary hospitals nationwide, and 14 types of WBCs were analyzed with the AI morphology analyzers. The pre-classification results were compared with the post-classification results reviewed by senior morphological experts in evaluate the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and agreement of the AI morphology analyzers on the WBC pre-classification. 2. 400 blood samples (no less than 50% of the samples with abnormal WBCs after pre-classification and manual review) were selected from 3 010 samples, and the morphologists conducted manual microscopic examinations to differentiate different types of WBCs. The correlation between the post-classification and the manual microscopic examination results was analyzed. 3. Blood samples of patients diagnosed with lymphoma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, or myeloproliferative neoplasms were selected from the 3 010 blood samples. The performance of the AI morphology analyzers in these five hematological malignancies was evaluated by comparing the pre-classification and post-classification results. Cohen′s kappa test was used to analyze the consistency of WBC pre-classification and expert audit results, and Passing-Bablock regression analysis was used for comparison test, and accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and agreement were calculated according to the formula.Results:1. AI morphology analyzers can pre-classify 14 types of WBCs and nucleated red blood cells. Compared with the post-classification results reviewed by senior morphological experts, the pre-classification accuracy of total WBCs reached 97.97%, of which the pre-classification accuracies of normal WBCs and abnormal WBCs were more than 96% and 87%, respectively. 2. The post-classification results reviewed by senior morphological experts correlated well with the manual differential results for all types of WBCs and nucleated red blood cells (neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, immature granulocytes, blast cells, nucleated erythrocytes and malignant cells r>0.90 respectively, reactive lymphocytes r=0.85). With reference, the positive smear of abnormal cell types defined by The International Consensus Group for Hematology, the AI morphology analyzer has the similar screening ability for abnormal WBC samples as the manual microscopic examination. 3. For the blood samples with malignant hematologic diseases, the AI morphology analyzers showed accuracies higher than 84% on blast cells pre-classification, and the sensitivities were higher than 94%. In acute myeloid leukemia, the sensitivity of abnormal promyelocytes pre-classification exceeded 95%. Conclusion:The AI morphology analyzer showed high pre-classification accuracies and sensitivities on all types of leukocytes in peripheral blood when comparing with the post-classification results reviewed by experts. The post-classification results also showed a good correlation with the manual differential results. The AI morphology analyzer provides an efficient adjunctive white blood cell detection method for screening malignant hematological diseases.

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) compound preparations have complex compositions. As a widely used TCM injection, Shuganning Injection, its in vivo processes are not yet fully understood. Determining the plasma protein binding rate is of great significance for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies. In this experiment, the equilibrium dialysis method combined with UPLC-MS/MS technology was used to determine the plasma protein binding rates of 10 components, including p-hydroxyacetophenone, caffeic acid, baicalein, oroxylin A, geniposide, baicalin, cynaroside, oroxylin A-7-O-β-D-glucuronide, scutellarin, and hyperoside, in Shuganning Injection in rat and human plasma to provide a theoretical basis for further elucidating the in vivo processes of Shuganning Injection and guiding clinical medication. The results showed that, except for baicalein and geniposide, the plasma protein binding rates of the other eight components were higher in human plasma than in rat plasma, and there were interspecies differences. In human plasma, except for geniposide, caffeic acid, and baicalin, the plasma protein binding rates of the remaining seven components were above 80%, with baicalein and oroxylin A exceeding 90%. All components exhibit a high level of binding to plasma proteins, with the exception of geniposide.
Rats ; Humans ; Animals ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods* ; Chromatography, Liquid/methods* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Protein Binding ; Renal Dialysis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Blood Proteins ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods*