Objectives: To determine the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) on rabies prevention and control among primary care providers of children 0-18 years old. Methodology: This is an analytical cross-sectional study conducted among primary care providers of children 0- 18-years old in Barangay Sambag I, Cebu City, Philippines. A questionnaire to determine the KAP on rabies prevention and control, originally developed by Lañada et al., was modified and contextualized to the local setting. Respondents with at least 75% correct answers per domain were considered to have good overall knowledge, attitude, and practices. Furthermore, each question under the above domains was analyzed separately to determine any gaps in KAP. Results were recorded as frequencies and percentages. The association of KAP to one another and the respondents’ profiles were analyzed using Chi-square test with a level of significance of 0.05. Results: Among 285 respondents, 59.3% had poor knowledge, 35.8% had wrong practices, and 21.8% had negative attitude on rabies prevention and control. We found that 92.6% did not know that rabies is incurable. As to practices, performing “tandok” (42.5%), or the act of removal of rabies from a wound by using an animal horn, and applying herbal medicines (34%) were still done. Use of dog restraint (44.6%) and euthanasia (40%) weren’t favorable to study participants. Surprisingly, non-dog owners had good knowledge and positive attitude than dog owners. Conclusion Our study showed that majority of the study population had poor knowledge on rabies prevention and control, on disease transmission, and on the incurability of rabies. While majority had a positive attitude and correct practices, the unacceptability on the use of a dog restraint and euthanasia, especially among dog owners, were still evident.
Rabies ; Knowledge

BACKGROUND: Gestational diabetes is associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes with long term implications. Recent studies indicate that these risks are preventable or at least reducible by early detection and appropriate management, therefore screening is ideal. However, it is still controversial to which plasma glucose level of 50g Glucose Challenge Test for screening is best to identify pregnant women at risk for gestational diabetes mellitus. Several studies had shown variations in the cutoff values in different population. In the Philippines, there is no published study with regards to the appropriate cutoff value for screening and for further testing with 3-h 100g Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in the diagnosis of GDM.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy of the following 50g GCT threshold values: 120mg/dl, 130mg/dl, 140mg/dl, 150mg/dl, 160mg/dl for screening gestational diabetes mellitus using 3-h 100g OGTT as the gold standard.
STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional Study (Diagnostic Test)
STUDY SETTING: Tertiary Hospital, Privilege Mothers' Service, Basak, Lapu-lapu City, Cebu
STUDY POPULATION: One thousand four hundred sixty pregnant women under Privilege Mothers' Service were screened from January 2005- December 2009.
METHODOLOGY: A 1-h 50g GCT was performed among all pregnant subjects between 24-28 weeks gestation and followed by a 3-h 100g OGTT within a week to diagnose gestational diabetes mellitus using Carpenter and Coustan diagnostic criteria.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The sensitivity, specificity, positive, negative predictive values of the various threshold values were computed. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to determine the most accurate cut-off value of 50-g GCT. Results: The prevalence rate of GDM in this study population was 3.1% (44/1406). The sensitivities of the following cut-off values were 120mg/dl, 130mg/dl, 136mg/dl, 140mg/dl, 150mg/dl and 160mg/dl were 73%, 66%, 68%, 50%, 34%, and 25%, respectively. The specificities were 26%, 85%, 81%, 91%, 94%, and 97%, respectively. The positive predictive values were 3%, 12%, 10%, 15%, 17% and 22%, respectively. The negative predictive values were 97%, 99%, 99%, 98%, 97.7%, and 97.5%, respectively. The Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC) curve identified a GCT threshold value of 136 mg/dl for detecting GDM, which showed the sensitivity of 68% and false positive rate of 19%.
CONCLUSION: The threshold of 136mg/dl maybe recommended as a better cut-off value of 1-h 50g-GCT with higher accuracy for universal screening of gestational diabetes mellitus and for further testing with 3-h 100g OGTT in the diagnosis of GDM.

Human ; Female ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Diabetes, Gestational ; Blood Glucose ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Sensitivity And Specificity