Objective:To identify and summarize the best evidence for pelvic floor muscle exercises (PFME) in preventing pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) during pregnancy.Methods:A systematic search was conducted in databases including UpToData, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, Wanfang Data, SinoMed, Yiigle, and Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence Based Healthcare Center Database and so on. The search spanned from January 1, 2018, to March 16, 2023. Two researchers independently evaluated the quality of clinical decision-making articles, expert consensus, and systematic reviews, while four researchers appraised the quality of guidelines. Evidence extraction and grading were performed independently by two researchers.Results:A total of nine documents were included: three guidelines, two clinical decision-making articles, one expert consensus, and three systematic reviews. A total of 20 evidence-based recommendations were summarized in six categories: indications and contraindications, assessment, implementation plans, supervision and follow-up, management, and outcome evaluation.Conclusions:PFME during pregnancy is effective in preventing PFD. Healthcare providers should integrate best evidence into clinical practice to develop tailored PFME plans for pregnant women, aiming to prevent PFD.

Objective:To identify and summarize the best evidence for pelvic floor muscle exercises (PFME) in preventing pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) during pregnancy.Methods:A systematic search was conducted in databases including UpToData, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, Wanfang Data, SinoMed, Yiigle, and Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence Based Healthcare Center Database and so on. The search spanned from January 1, 2018, to March 16, 2023. Two researchers independently evaluated the quality of clinical decision-making articles, expert consensus, and systematic reviews, while four researchers appraised the quality of guidelines. Evidence extraction and grading were performed independently by two researchers.Results:A total of nine documents were included: three guidelines, two clinical decision-making articles, one expert consensus, and three systematic reviews. A total of 20 evidence-based recommendations were summarized in six categories: indications and contraindications, assessment, implementation plans, supervision and follow-up, management, and outcome evaluation.Conclusions:PFME during pregnancy is effective in preventing PFD. Healthcare providers should integrate best evidence into clinical practice to develop tailored PFME plans for pregnant women, aiming to prevent PFD.

BackgroundSchizophrenia is a common severe mental disorder with complex pathogenesis. There are few studies on the correlation between kynurenine metabolites in peripheral serum and urine in schizophrenia. ObjectiveTo investigate the concentration of tryptophan-kynurenine metabolites and interleukin-6 （IL-6） in serum and urine in patients with schizophrenia， and their correlation with clinical symptoms， so as to explore potential biological characteristics related to schizophrenia. MethodsA total of 38 patients with schizophrenia who met the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders， fifth edition （DSM-5）， and were hospitalized or attended outpatient clinic at Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital from December 2021 to December 2022 were included in the study. Additionally， 26 healthy individuals were concurrently recruited from the community of Hangzhou to serve as a control group. All participants were requested to complete the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale （PANSS）. The levels of tryptophan （TRP）， kynurenine （KYN）， kynurenic acid （KYNA）， quinolinic acid （QUIN）， picolinic acid （PIC）， xanthurenate and 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT） in both serum and urine were measured using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry. Serum and urine IL-6 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to examine the correlation between serum and urinary KYN metabolites， as well as the correlation between metabolite levels and clinical symptoms in the patient group. ResultsPatients with schizophrenia had significantly higher level of IL-6 in serum （U=798.500， P<0.01） and lower level of PIC in urine （U=253.000， P=0.013） compared with the control group. Additionally， level of serum KYN was positively correlated with QUIN/KYNA ratio and QUIN/PIC ratio （r=0.562， 0.438， P<0.05） in patients with schizophrenia. 5-HT/KYN ratio in serum was positively correlated with PANSS total score and negative symptom subscale score （r=0.458， 0.455， P<0.01） in patients with schizophrenia. ConclusionSerum TRP-KYN pathway metabolite levels in patients with schizophrenia were associated with neurotoxic metabolite ratios in urine and the severity of negative symptoms. ［Funded by Zhejiang Medical and Health Science and Technology Program Exploratory （number， 2022KY990）］

The diagnosis,treatment and pregnancy outcome of a case of pregnancy associated Sj(o)gren's syndrome characterized by hyperglobulinemia were reported here.The patient who had a history of repeated purpura and anemia was admitted at 26+4 weeks of gestation with premature rupture of membranes.Multiple prenatal examinations showed elevated globulin without any other symptoms such as dry mouth,dry eyes,etc.No relevant tests was offered to confirm the diagnosis before or during pregnancy.After admission,she was diagnosed as Sj(o)gren's syndrome through immunoelectrophoresis and autoimmune antibody test,and hydroxychloroquine was administered.The patient gave birth to a 870 g newborn baby at 27 weeks of gestation.The premature infant was transferred to the Neonatology Department and later discharged after 2.5 months of treatment.A 3-month postpartum follow-up revealed that the patient still suffered from hyperglobulinemia,abnormal erythrocyte sedimentation rate and rheumatoid factor level,therefore she continued oral hydroxychloroquine treatment and was regularly followed up.Clinicians should be alert to the possibility of Sj(o)gren's syndrome in gravidas with hyperglobulinemia.