Objective To analyze the relationship between implant placement methods and the change of alveolar crest mucosal thickness under different gingival thickness.Methods A total of 98 patients with posterior tooth loss from June 2022 to December 2022 were selected,and a total of 120 implants were implanted.There were 90 samples in the thin gingiva group(gingiva thickness＜3 mm)and 30 samples in the thick gingiva group(gingiva thickness≥3 mm).For the thin gingival cases,three different surgical meth-ods were used for one-stage implantation.Group A(32 teeth)received ridge trimming before implantation.In group B,30 implants were placed under the bone.In group C,28 teeth used tent technique to analyze the vertical soft tissue thickness changes of alveolar crest before and 3～4 months after osseointegration.Results The thin gingival group was treated with three different treatments A,B and C.The gingival thickness increased from Ha(1.96±0.35)mm,Hb(1.89±0.42)mm,Hc(1.96±0.29)mm to H'a(2.88±0.23)mm,H'b(2.93±0.30)mm,H'c(2.65±0.22)mm,respectively.The alveolar crest vertical mucosal thickness of the three groups increased significantly(P＜0.05).The increase in group A and B(about 1 mm)was slightly higher than that in group C(about 0.6 mm),while there was no significant difference between the control group Hd(3.60±0.24)mm and H'd(3.36±0.47)mm(P＞0.05).In addition,the intraoperative gingival thickness measurements(Ha,Hb,Hc,Hd)were basically consistent with the CBCT imaging measurements(HA,HB,HC,HD),and there was no significant difference(P＞0.05).Conclusion Careful analysis of the vertical thickness of the alveolar crest to the mucosa before implant surgery and selection of different implantation methods can increase the vertical thickness of the alveolar crest to the appropriate position,thereby maintaining the stability of the bone around the implant and improving the success rate of the implant.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of silane and universal adhesive alone or in combination on the micro-shear bonding strength(μSBS)between resin cement and resin nanoceramic(Brilliant Crios)and polymer-infiltrated ceramic network(Vita Enam-ic)materials.Methods:The two experimental material blocks were respectively prepared into 42 specimens with a size of 7 mm×6 mm×1 mm,and 50 μm alumina particles were used for sandblasting pretreatment under 0.2 MPa atmospheric pressure.The speci-mens were randomly divided into 6 groups,and the following surface treatment strategies were applied except for control group:si-lane,universal adhesive with silane(single bond universal,SBU);universal adhesive without silane(One Coat 7 Universal,OCU),silane and SBU,silane and OCU.Water contact angle measurements were used to observe the wettability of the 2 materials before and after silane treatment.The bonded specimens were prepared to test μSBS,which were analyzed by Weibull and the failure modes and were observed by stereo microscope.The morphology of the bonding interface was observed by SEM before and after si-lane treatment.Results:After the two materials were treated with silane,the water contact angle decreased(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference of μSBS between the silane and control groups for Brilliant Crios(P＞0.05),while the μSBS improved in the other experimental groups(P＜0.05).Among the groups,silane+OCU group exhibited the highest Weibull modulus and charac-teristic strength.The μSBS of the experimental groups was increased compared with the Vita Enamic control group(P＜0.05),silane+SBU group demonstrated the highest Weibull modulus and characteristic strength.Conclusion:Silane can improve the wetta-bility of the interface,and it alone improves the μSBS of Vita Enamic,but does not improve the μSBS of Brilliant Crios.The com-bined use of silane and universal adhesive enhances the μSBS between resin-ceramic composites and resin cement.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of silane and universal adhesive alone or in combination on the micro-shear bonding strength(μSBS)between resin cement and resin nanoceramic(Brilliant Crios)and polymer-infiltrated ceramic network(Vita Enam-ic)materials.Methods:The two experimental material blocks were respectively prepared into 42 specimens with a size of 7 mm×6 mm×1 mm,and 50 μm alumina particles were used for sandblasting pretreatment under 0.2 MPa atmospheric pressure.The speci-mens were randomly divided into 6 groups,and the following surface treatment strategies were applied except for control group:si-lane,universal adhesive with silane(single bond universal,SBU);universal adhesive without silane(One Coat 7 Universal,OCU),silane and SBU,silane and OCU.Water contact angle measurements were used to observe the wettability of the 2 materials before and after silane treatment.The bonded specimens were prepared to test μSBS,which were analyzed by Weibull and the failure modes and were observed by stereo microscope.The morphology of the bonding interface was observed by SEM before and after si-lane treatment.Results:After the two materials were treated with silane,the water contact angle decreased(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference of μSBS between the silane and control groups for Brilliant Crios(P＞0.05),while the μSBS improved in the other experimental groups(P＜0.05).Among the groups,silane+OCU group exhibited the highest Weibull modulus and charac-teristic strength.The μSBS of the experimental groups was increased compared with the Vita Enamic control group(P＜0.05),silane+SBU group demonstrated the highest Weibull modulus and characteristic strength.Conclusion:Silane can improve the wetta-bility of the interface,and it alone improves the μSBS of Vita Enamic,but does not improve the μSBS of Brilliant Crios.The com-bined use of silane and universal adhesive enhances the μSBS between resin-ceramic composites and resin cement.

Objective To analyze the relationship between implant placement methods and the change of alveolar crest mucosal thickness under different gingival thickness.Methods A total of 98 patients with posterior tooth loss from June 2022 to December 2022 were selected,and a total of 120 implants were implanted.There were 90 samples in the thin gingiva group(gingiva thickness＜3 mm)and 30 samples in the thick gingiva group(gingiva thickness≥3 mm).For the thin gingival cases,three different surgical meth-ods were used for one-stage implantation.Group A(32 teeth)received ridge trimming before implantation.In group B,30 implants were placed under the bone.In group C,28 teeth used tent technique to analyze the vertical soft tissue thickness changes of alveolar crest before and 3～4 months after osseointegration.Results The thin gingival group was treated with three different treatments A,B and C.The gingival thickness increased from Ha(1.96±0.35)mm,Hb(1.89±0.42)mm,Hc(1.96±0.29)mm to H'a(2.88±0.23)mm,H'b(2.93±0.30)mm,H'c(2.65±0.22)mm,respectively.The alveolar crest vertical mucosal thickness of the three groups increased significantly(P＜0.05).The increase in group A and B(about 1 mm)was slightly higher than that in group C(about 0.6 mm),while there was no significant difference between the control group Hd(3.60±0.24)mm and H'd(3.36±0.47)mm(P＞0.05).In addition,the intraoperative gingival thickness measurements(Ha,Hb,Hc,Hd)were basically consistent with the CBCT imaging measurements(HA,HB,HC,HD),and there was no significant difference(P＞0.05).Conclusion Careful analysis of the vertical thickness of the alveolar crest to the mucosa before implant surgery and selection of different implantation methods can increase the vertical thickness of the alveolar crest to the appropriate position,thereby maintaining the stability of the bone around the implant and improving the success rate of the implant.

Objective:To investigate the effect of Chinese medicine He's Yangchao recipe on premature ovarian insufficiency(POI)and its relationship with mitochondrial function of ovarian granulose cells in an animal model.Methods:Thirty-six female C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into blank control group,model group,low-,medium-and high-dose He's Yangchao recipe treatment group and coenzyme Q10(Q10)treatment group(positive control).The POI model was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide(90 mg/kg).The animals were sacrificed after 21 days.Primary granulose cells were obtained from POI mice and treated with He's Yangchao recipe,ERβ inhibitor PHTPP,and He's Yangchao recipe+PHTPP in vitro for 24 h,respectively.Ovarian histopathological changes were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining,ATP levels were detected by luciferase assay,mtDNA copy numbers were detected by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR),mitochondrial structure changes were observed by transmission electron microscopy,protein and mRNA expression levels of estrogen receptor β(ERβ),peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α(PGC1α),mitochondrial transcription factor A(TFAM),and superoxide dismutase 2(SOD2)were detected by Western blotting and qRT-PCR.Results:The ovarian tissue in model group exhibited few secondary and tertiary follicles,whereas the He's Yangchao recipe groups and Q10 group had abundant secondary and tertiary follicles.Compared with the blank control group,ATP and mtDNA levels in model group decreased(P＜0.01),mitochondrial crista disappeared or abnormal vacuolated structure increased;the protein and mRNA levels of ERβ,PGC1α,TFAM,and SOD2 decreased(all P＜0.01).ATP production increased in granulose cells of high-dose He's Yangchao recipe group and Q10 group;mtDNA copy numbers increased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01);abnormal mitochondrial structure was reduced;the protein and mRNA expressions of ERβ,PGC1α,TFAM,and SOD2 increased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Compared with the PHTPP intervention group,the proportion of normal mitochondrial structure in the granulose cells of He's Yangchao recipe+PHTPP group was higher;ATP content increased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01);mtDNA copy numbers increased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01);the protein and mRNA expression of ERβ,PGC1α,TFAM and SOD2 increased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Conclusions:He's Yangchao recipe can regulate mitochondrial biogenesis through ERβ/PGC1α/TFAM pathway to improve ovarian function in POI mice.

Objective This study aimed to identify PAX9 variants in non-syndromic tooth agenesis families of Chi-na,as well as to analyze the genotype-phenotype of non-syndromic tooth agenesis caused by PAX9 variants,which can provide a basis for the genetic diagnosis of tooth agenesis.Methods We collected the data of 44 patients with non-syn-dromic oligodontia who underwent treatment at Stomatological Hospital of Hebei Medical University between 2018 and 2023.Whole-exome sequencing was performed on the peripheral blood of the proband and its core family members,and the variants were verified by Sanger sequencing.Pathogenicity analysis and function prediction of the variants were per-formed using bioinformatics tools.The correlation between the genotype of PAX9 variant and its corresponding pheno-type was examined by reviewing 55 publications retrieved from PubMed.The studies involved 232 tooth agenesis pa-tients with PAX9 variants.Results A novel PAX9 c.447delG(p.Pro150Argfs*62)and a reported PAX9 c.406C>T(p.Gln136*)were identified in two Chinese families.Through bioinformatics analysis and three-dimensional structural mod-eling,we postulated that the frameshift variant was pathogenic.The outcome was the premature cessation of PAX9 pro-tein,which caused severe structural and functional deficiencies.Summarizing the PAX9 genotype-phenotype relationship revealed that patients carrying the PAX9 variant commonly led to loss of the second molars.Conclusion We identified the novel PAX9 c.447delG(p.Pro150Argfs*62)in a Chinese family of non-syndromic oligodontia,expanding the known variant spectrum of PAX9.The most susceptible tooth position for PAX9 variants of tooth agenesis was the second mo-lars and the deciduous molars during the deciduous dentition.

Objective:To investigate the surface characterization,cell adhension and proliferation of ultrafine grained titanium (UFG Ti) after different sand blasting and acid-etching(SLA).Methods:The billets of UFG Ti and commercially pure titanium Ti(CP Ti) were incised into cylindrical specimens with 7 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height.The specimens were sand blasted at the air pressure of 0.2,0.4,0.6 and 0.8 MPa respectively(n =10) and then acid-etched.The surface morphology,roughness and surface wettability of the specimens were examined.Rat embryo osteoblasts MC3T3-E1 were cultured on the speciments for 1 d,3 d and 5 d respectively,the cell morphology and cell density were observed.Results:The different hierarchical porous topographies were formed on the surface of UFG and CP Ti after modified by SLA.The sizes of blasted holes on the surface and the surface roughness of both materials increased with the increase of blast pressure,but the values of UFG Ti were lower than those of CP Ti correspondingly(P ＜ 0.05).The surface wettability of them was also changed with the blast pressure,but the values of UFG Ti was significantly smaller than those of CP Ti(P ＜ 0.05).When the blast pressure was 0.6 Mpa,the UFG Ti exhibited excellent wettability,the cell density was the highest,the morphology of MC3T3-E1 cells on UFG Ti was superior to that on CP Ti.Conclusion:UFG Ti exhibits proper surface morphology,roughness and excellent wettability,which is more appropriate for adhension and proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells after modification by SLA at blast pressure of 0.6 Mpa.