Background Patients with pneumoconiosis often have limited disease-related knowledge, insufficient access to health education, and substantial health management needs. Health education may help improve rehabilitation outcomes and quality of life in this population. Objective To evaluate the effects of health education based on the Listen-Establish-Adopt-Reinforce-Name-Strength (LEARNS) model on rehabilitation outcomes, health-related behaviors, and quality of life among pneumoconiosis patients, and provide effective intervention strategies for the rehabilitation management of patients with pneumoconiosis. Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted. A total of 120 pneumoconiosis patients treated in the Department of Occupational Diseases, Beijing Emergency General Hospital, from November 2024 to February 2025 were enrolled. Participants were randomly assigned to a control group or an intervention group using a random number table method, with 60 patients in each group. The control group received routine pharmacotherapy, whereas the intervention group received a 12-week LEARNS model-based health-education intervention in addition to routine treatment. The 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) was used to assess exercise tolerance, and the modified Medical Research Council dyspnoea scale (mMRC) was used to evaluate dyspnoea. The Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) were applied for psychological status assessment. Pulmonary function, including forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁) and forced vital capacity (FVC), was measured using spirometry. A self-designed scale was used to evaluate eight health-related behaviors targeted by the health education program. The 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Assessment Test (CAT) were used to assess quality of life, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was adopted to evaluate sleep quality. Results After the 12-week intervention, the control group showed no statistically significant changes from baseline in the measured outcomes(P＞0.05). In the intervention group, exercise tolerance improved significantly, with the 6-minute walking distance increasing from (382.55±19.52) m to (426.84±33.59) m (P＜0.001). Dyspnoea was also alleviated, with the mMRC score decreasing from 1.37±0.66 to 0.96±0.54 (P＜0.001). The CAT score decreased from 18.95±7.03 to 10.67±3.64 (P＜0.001). Significant improvements were observed in anxiety and depression symptoms (P＜0.001), with the SAS score decreasing from 38.85±6.24 to 34.27±2.27, and the SDS score decreasing from 49.01±3.25 to 45.49±3.44. Sleep quality improved significantly, with the PSQI score dropping from 7.89±4.35 to 4.05±2.31 (P＜0.001). All eight health-related behaviors in the intervention group improved significantly after the intervention (P＜0.001), including acquisition of disease-related knowledge (1.87±0.34 vs. 3.13±0.45), participation in health education activities (1.89±0.52 vs. 3.61±0.38), and regular physical exercise (2.37±0.41 vs. 4.17±0.33). All SF-36 domain scores increased significantly (P＜0.05), with the most prominent improvements observed in physical functioning, general health, and vitality. At week 12, all SF-36 domain scores were significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (P＜0.05). No statistically significant between-group differences were detected in pulmonary function parameters (P＞0.05). Conclusion LEARNS model-based health education could improve exercise tolerance, dyspnea, psychological status, sleep quality, health-related behaviors, and quality of life among patients with pneumoconiosis, and therefore may be a useful adjunctive strategy for rehabilitation management in patients with pneumoconiosis.

ObjectiveTo understand the distribution of enrofloxacin (ENR) residues in freshwater fish, to evaluate the dietary exposure risk to ENR for consumers through the consumption of different freshwater fish in Shanghai, and to provide a reference for controlling antibiotic residues in freshwater fish. MethodsGrass carp, Wuchang bream, pond loach, and Asian swamp eels were purchased from the markets in Shanghai. After being fed with ENR, the fish were divided into 42 batches according to their species and weight, and thereafter ENR residues in the muscles and skin of the fish were measured. In addition, a total of 44 batches of Wuchang bream, pond loach, Asian swamp eels were purchased from the markets, and the ENR residues in the muscles with or without the fish skin were measured, and the exposure risk was evaluated. ResultsThe average residues of ENR in skin of the freshwater fish after being fed with drugs in the 42 groups were higher than those in muscles (M=659.38 μg·kg^-1, M=460.83 μg·kg^-1; z=-2.212, P=0.027). The over-standard rates of ENR residues in the muscles with or without skin 44 batches of freshwater fish of sold in Shanghai were 36.36% and 29.55%, respectively. The median exposure, P₉₅ exposure, and maximum exposure to ENR through the consumption of the muscles with the skin for adults and children in Shanghai were higher than those through the consumption of muscles without the skin. For children, the margin of safety (MOS) for the max exposure to ENR by consuming the muscles with the skin was more than 1, while the MOS was less than 1 in all other cases for both children and adults. ConclusionThe ENR residues in the skin of freshwater fish are generally higher than those in the muscles. The risk of ENR residues in freshwater fish sold in Shanghai is within a controllable range. However, there might be a certain risk of acute exposure to ENR for children by consuming muscles with the skin of freshwater fish.