ObjectiveTo explore the quantity-quality transfer process of medicinal materials， decoction pieces and standard decoction of Haliotidis Concha（Haliotis discus hannai） by analyzing the physical phase and compositional changes， so as to provide references for the effective control of its quality. MethodsA total of 20 batches of Haliotidis Concha（H. discus hannai） from different habitats were collected and prepared into corresponding calcined products and standard decoction， and the content of CaCO₃ of the three samples were determined and the extract yield and transfer rate of CaCO₃ were calculated. The changes in elemental composition and their relative contents were investigated by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry（XRF）， X-ray diffraction（XRD） was used to study the changes in the phase compositions of the three samples and to establish their respective XRD specific chromatogram. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry（FTIR） was used to study the changes in the chemical composition and content changes of the three samples and to establish their respective FTIR specific chromatogram， while combining hierarchical cluster analysis（HCA）， principal component analysis（PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） to find the common and differential characteristics， in order to explore the quantity-quality transfer relationship in the preparation process of standard decoction of Haliotidis Concha（H. discus hannai）. ResultsThe CaCO₃ contents of the 20 batches of medicinal materials， decoction pieces and standard decoction of Haliotidis Concha（H. discus hannai） were 93.87%-98.95%， 96.02%-99.97% and 38.29%-51.96%， respectively， and the extract yield of standard decoction was 1.71%-2.37%， and the CaCO₃ transfer rate of decoction pieces-standard decoction was 0.68%-1.27%. XRF results showed that the elemental species and their relative contents contained in Haliotidis Concha and its calcined products had a high degree of similarity， and although there was no obvious difference in the elemental species contained in decoction pieces and standard decoction， the difference in the relative contents was obvious， which was mainly reflected in the decrease of the relative content of element Ca and the increase of the relative content of element Na. XRD results showed that Haliotidis Concha mainly contained CaCO₃ of aragonite and calcite， while calcined Haliotidis Concha only contained CaCO₃ of calcite， and standard decoction mainly contained CaCO₃ of calcite and Na₂CO₃ of natrite. FTIR results showed that there were internal vibrations of O-H， C-H， C=O， HCO₃^- and CO₃^2- groups in Haliotidis Concha， while O-H， HCO₃^- and CO₃^2- groups existed in the calcined products and standard decoction. ConclusionThe changes of Haliotidis Concha and calcined Haliotidis Concha are mainly the increase of CaCO₃ content， the transformation of CaCO₃ aragonite crystal form to calcite crystal form and the absence of organic components after calcination， and the changes of calcined products and standard decoction are mainly the decrease of CaCO₃ content and the increase of Na₂CO₃ relative content. The method established in the study is applicable to the quality control of the shellfish medicines-decoction pieces- standard decoction， which provides a new idea for the study of quality control of dispensing granules of shellfish medicines.

ObjectiveTo explore the quantity-quality transfer process of medicinal materials， decoction pieces and standard decoction of Haliotidis Concha（Haliotis discus hannai） by analyzing the physical phase and compositional changes， so as to provide references for the effective control of its quality. MethodsA total of 20 batches of Haliotidis Concha（H. discus hannai） from different habitats were collected and prepared into corresponding calcined products and standard decoction， and the content of CaCO₃ of the three samples were determined and the extract yield and transfer rate of CaCO₃ were calculated. The changes in elemental composition and their relative contents were investigated by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry（XRF）， X-ray diffraction（XRD） was used to study the changes in the phase compositions of the three samples and to establish their respective XRD specific chromatogram. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry（FTIR） was used to study the changes in the chemical composition and content changes of the three samples and to establish their respective FTIR specific chromatogram， while combining hierarchical cluster analysis（HCA）， principal component analysis（PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） to find the common and differential characteristics， in order to explore the quantity-quality transfer relationship in the preparation process of standard decoction of Haliotidis Concha（H. discus hannai）. ResultsThe CaCO₃ contents of the 20 batches of medicinal materials， decoction pieces and standard decoction of Haliotidis Concha（H. discus hannai） were 93.87%-98.95%， 96.02%-99.97% and 38.29%-51.96%， respectively， and the extract yield of standard decoction was 1.71%-2.37%， and the CaCO₃ transfer rate of decoction pieces-standard decoction was 0.68%-1.27%. XRF results showed that the elemental species and their relative contents contained in Haliotidis Concha and its calcined products had a high degree of similarity， and although there was no obvious difference in the elemental species contained in decoction pieces and standard decoction， the difference in the relative contents was obvious， which was mainly reflected in the decrease of the relative content of element Ca and the increase of the relative content of element Na. XRD results showed that Haliotidis Concha mainly contained CaCO₃ of aragonite and calcite， while calcined Haliotidis Concha only contained CaCO₃ of calcite， and standard decoction mainly contained CaCO₃ of calcite and Na₂CO₃ of natrite. FTIR results showed that there were internal vibrations of O-H， C-H， C=O， HCO₃^- and CO₃^2- groups in Haliotidis Concha， while O-H， HCO₃^- and CO₃^2- groups existed in the calcined products and standard decoction. ConclusionThe changes of Haliotidis Concha and calcined Haliotidis Concha are mainly the increase of CaCO₃ content， the transformation of CaCO₃ aragonite crystal form to calcite crystal form and the absence of organic components after calcination， and the changes of calcined products and standard decoction are mainly the decrease of CaCO₃ content and the increase of Na₂CO₃ relative content. The method established in the study is applicable to the quality control of the shellfish medicines-decoction pieces- standard decoction， which provides a new idea for the study of quality control of dispensing granules of shellfish medicines.

Probiotics play a crucial role in colon cancer treatment by metabolizing prebiotics to generate short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Colon cancer patients are frequently propositioned to supplement with probiotics to enhance the conversion and utilization of prebiotics. Nevertheless, the delivery and colonization of probiotics is hindered by the harsh conditions of gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Here, we devised a straightforward yet potent modified prebiotic-based "shield" (Gelatin-Inulin, GI), employing dietary inulin and natural polymer gelatin crosslinked via hydrogen bonding for enveloping Lactobacillus reuteri (Lr) to formulate synbiotic hydrogel capsules (Lr@Gl). The GI "shield" serves as a dynamic barrier, augmenting the resistance of Lr to gastric acid and facilitating its bioactivity and adherence in the GIT, synergizing with Lr to elicit an anti-tumor effect. Simultaneously, Lr@GI demonstrates anti-tumor effects by depleting glutathione to release reactive oxygen species, accompanied by the activation of NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3), and the induction M1 macrophage polarization. Furthermore, Lr@GI can not only promote the recovery of intestinal barrier but also regulate intestinal flora, promoting the production of SCFAs and further exerting anti-tumor effect. Crucially, Lr@GI also potentiates the anti-tumor effect of 5-Fluorouracil. The construction and synergistic anti-tumor mechanism of synbiotic hydrogel capsules system provide valuable insights for gut microbial tumor therapy.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) has high morbidity and mortality, but effective clinical drugs and management are lacking. Previous studies have suggested that macrophages play a crucial role in the inflammatory response to AKI and may serve as potential therapeutic targets. Emerging evidence has highlighted the importance of forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) in mediating macrophage activation and polarization in various diseases, but the specific mechanisms by which FoxO1 regulates macrophages during AKI remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the role of FoxO1 in macrophages in the pathogenesis of AKI. We observed a significant upregulation of FoxO1 in kidney macrophages following ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Additionally, our findings demonstrated that the administration of FoxO1 inhibitor AS1842856-encapsulated liposome (AS-Lipo), mainly acting on macrophages, effectively mitigated renal injury induced by I/R injury in mice. By generating myeloid-specific FoxO1-knockout mice, we further observed that the deficiency of FoxO1 in myeloid cells protected against I/R injury-induced AKI. Furthermore, our study provided evidence of FoxO1's pivotal role in macrophage chemotaxis, inflammation, and migration. Moreover, the impact of FoxO1 on the regulation of macrophage migration was mediated through RhoA guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 (ARHGEF1), indicating that ARHGEF1 may serve as a potential intermediary between FoxO1 and the activity of the RhoA pathway. Consequently, our findings propose that FoxO1 plays a crucial role as a mediator and biomarker in the context of AKI. Targeting macrophage FoxO1 pharmacologically could potentially offer a promising therapeutic approach for AKI.

Objective:To explore the clinical features, histopathological morphology, and differential diagnosis of lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma with abnormal expression of follicular dendritic cell markers.Methods:From 2020 to 2021, 4 cases of lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma with abnormal expression of follicular dendritic cell markers diagnosed in Fujian Cancer Hospital (2 cases) and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University (2 cases) were collected. Different ancillary procedures such as HE, special stains, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization techniques were used to assess the histopathological features and immunophenotypes. The clinical data were collected and literature was reviewed.Results:All 4 cases of lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma with abnormal expression of follicular dendritic cell markers were male. They were 32, 45, 67 and 39 years old, respectively. The main clinical manifestations were bloody phlegm, abdominal pain, fatigue and anorexia. The clinical stages at diagnosis were stage Ⅳ (3 cases) and stage Ⅱ (1 case). Cases 2 and 3 had two pathological examinations at different sites, with a total of six pathological examinations. The histomorphology showed singly scattered or nests of tumor cells in a background of abundant small lymphocytes. The tumor cells were enlarged and pleomorphic, some appeared polygonal with inconspicuous cell borders, and they were arranged in a syncytial pattern. There were megakaryocytes, multinucleated tumor cells, and a few spindle-shaped cells seen. Atypical mitosis was commonly noted. By immunohistochemistry, the tumor cells were positive for CKpan(5/6), CK8/18(4/4), CAM5.2(2/5), CK-H(0/4), CK-L(3/4), EMA(4/5), CK5/6(3/6), p63(1/6), p40(1/6), E-cadherin (4/6), SSTR2(6/6), PD-L1(5/5), LCA(0/6), vimentin(5/6), CD2 (6/6), CD23(6/6), CD35(5/6), CXCL-13(4/5) and D2-40(1/5). The Ki-67 proliferative index was 60%-95%. In situ hybridization for EBER were all positive (6/6). Special stain for reticulin showed positive staining surrounding nests of tumor cells.Conclusions:The expression of follicular dendritic cell markers in lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma is very rare, which may be related to EBV infection. Occasionally, it can overlap with follicular dendritic cell sarcoma by morphology and immunophenotype, which can lead to misdiagnosis. Only by combining clinical information, morphological characteristics and immunophenotype can an appropriate diagnosis be made.

Objective:To investigate the bone augmentation effects of domestic decellularized porcine small intestinal submucosa (PSIS) absorbable biomembrane and domestic bovine pericardium tissue (BPT) absorbable biomembrane in guided bone regeneration (GBR) for single-tooth implantation in diabetic patients.Methods:A prospective case-control study was conducted with 48 diabetic patients who received single-tooth implant restoration at the Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology. The Fourth Military Medical University, between January 2023 and January 2024. Patients were randomly assigned to the study group (PSIS group) and the control group (BPT group) using a random number table, with 24 patients in each group. GBR was performed simultaneously with the implant surgery. Cone-beam CT was used to compare the buccal-side horizontal bone gain at 6 months post-operation between the two groups. Wound healing was evaluated at 1 and 4 weeks post-operation using wound healing scores.Results:At 6 months post-operation, the buccal-side horizontal bone gain at 2 mm below the implant abutment in the study group [69.1 (55.2, 82.4) mm] and the control group [71.4 (59.8, 77.0) mm] showed no statistically significant difference ( Z=-0.25, P=0.805). The wound healing scores at 1 and 4 weeks post-operation in the study group did not differ significantly from those in the control group at the same time points (1 week: Z=-0.49, P=0.627; 4 weeks: Z=-0.61, P=0.539). Conclusions:The use of two types of domestic absorbable collagen membranes for GBR in single-tooth implantation in diabetic patients showed comparable buccal-side horizontal bone gain effects at 6 months post-operation and similar clinical outcomes for wound healing at 1 and 4 weeks post-operation in both groups. The GBR effects of PSIS and BPT are similar.

Objective: To identify biomolecular markers closely related to the occurrence of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) and verify their expression levels in clinical samples. Methods: Stage Ⅰ KIRC mRNA sequencing data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).Principal component analysis (PCA) was used for dimensionality reduction to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs)，which then underwent GO and KEGG analyses.Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to screen genes significantly related to KIRC，and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to screen hub genes.The diagnostic value of hub genes was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve，and their prognostic value was analyzed using survival curve plots.The correlation between the mRNA expressions of hub genes and the pathological stages of KIRC was analyzed.Clinical samples of 20 patients with stage Ⅰ KIRC treated in our hospital were included，and the expressions of the hub genes in cancerous and adjacent tissues were detected with reverse transcription real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR)，Western blotting，and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: A total of 8223 DEGs were screened out，including 4092 up-regulated ones and 4131 down-regulated ones.GO analysis showed that DEGs were related to bioadhesion，plasma membrane composition，and transporter activity.KEGG analysis showed that DEGs were related to pathways such as cell adhesion molecules，cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions，and interactions between viral proteins and cytokines and cytokine receptors.WGCNA analysis obtained 171 genes that were significantly related to stage Ⅰ KIRC.The hub gene，lymphocyte cytosolic protein 2 (LCP2)，screened out by the PPI network，was significantly related to stage Ⅰ KIRC.The area under the ROC curve was 0.96.The expression level was negatively correlated with the overall survival rate of patients.The expression of LCP2 was related to the stage and lymph node metastasis.Clinical verification showed that the mRNA and protein relative expressions of LCP2 in KIRC tissues were significantly higher than those in adjacent tissues (P<0.000 1). Conclusion: LCP2 is significantly up-regulated in stage Ⅰ KIRC tissues and can be used as a potential biomarker for the early diagnosis and treatment of KIRC.

Objective: To investigate the iodine nutrition status of children aged 8-10 in Guangming, Longhua and Yantian District of Shenzhen in 2023, and to explore the influencing factors of thyroid volume. To evaluate prevention strategies and to provide a scientific basis for the elimination of iodine deficiency disorders. Methods: Urine and household salt samples were randomly collected from 580 non-boarding students aged 8-10 years foriodine content detection. Thyroid volume was measured using a fully digital ultrasound imaging system, and goiter prevalence was calculated. Results: A total of 580 samples was tested. The median salt iodine concentration was 23.86 mg/kg, with 93.62% qualified iodized salt and 94.48% coverage rate. The median of urinary iodine was 265.00 μg/L, mainly distributed between 200 - < 300 μg/L and ≥300 μg/L. The proportion of children with ap⁃ propriate iodine was 20. 86% , and the proportion of children with insufficient or excessive urinary iodine levels was 10. 86% and 68. 28% of the total surveyed population , respectively. The median thyroid volume was 3. 27 mL , and the goiter rate was 1. 72% . Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age was the risk factor for thyroid volume (8=0 328, P<0.05). while urinary iodine was the protective factor for thyroid volume(B=-4.134x10-4,P<0.05). Conclusion The qualified iodized salt rate, median of urinary iodine,and goiter prevalence of 580 children aged 8 - 10 meet the elimination criteria for iodine deficiency disorders. Age and urinary iodine are closely related to thyroid volume change. The urinary iodine level of children is generally high and requires serious attention.

Objective To investigate the impact of serine/threonine-protein kinase 1(AKT1)-mediated autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)cells on their sensitivity to 125I seed irradiation.Methods ① iProX database and STRING12.0 website were utilized to analyze the proteomic data of HCC before and after 125I seed irradiation to explore the differentially expressed proteins and associated functional connections.Meanwhile,The Cancer Genomics Atlas(TCGA)database was employed to analyze the relationship between AKT1 expression level and the survival of HCC patients.② Human HCC cell lines HUH7 and Hep3B were exposed to continuous irradiation from 125I radioactive seeds with an initial apparent activity of 0.8 mCi per seed for approximately 120 h,accumulating a total dose of 8 Gy,while the control cells were cultured under normal condition for 120 h.③ Autophagy inhibitor,chloroquine(CQ)and inducer,rapamycin(RAPA)were used to treat the HCC cells respectively to establish the CQ group and the RAPA group.The lentiviral transfection technique was employed to construct the HCC cells with overexpressed AKT1,namely the AKT1 group.The HCC cells treated in the same way were continuously irradiated with 125I seeds for 120 h to construct the CQ+125I group,the RAPA+125I group,and the AKT1+125I group.④The changes in microtubule-associated protein light chain 3(LC3),p62,AKT1 and p-AKT1 were detected by Western blotting.Cell immunofluorescence assay was employed to observe the expression of autophagy related proteins,such as LC3.The colony forming ability and apoptotic rate were detected with plate cloning assay and flow cytometry.Results ① Continuous irradiation with 125I seeds resulted in decreased expression of p62 and increased ratio of LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ(P＜0.05)when compared with the negative control(NC)group.Immunofluorescence assay revealed more green fluorescence spots of LC3.When compared with the 125I group,the CQ+125I group had significantly increased expression of p62(P＜0.01),decreased ratio of LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ(P＜0.01),lower apoptotic rate(P＜0.01),and more colony formations(P＜0.01).In contrast,the results in the RAPA+125I group were opposite to those of the CQ+125I group.② Analysis on the iProX database showed that the expression of AKT1 was decreased in the irradiated group,and analysis on the TCGA database indicated that high expression of AKT1 predicted a poor prognosis for HCC patients(P＜0.01).③After irradiation with 125I seeds,the expression of AKT1 at both the RNA and protein levels was decreased in the 125I group(P＜0.01).After overexpression of AKT1,the level of autophagy was decreased(P＜0.05).Irradiation of HCC cells with overexpressed AKT1 using 125I seeds could partially restore the level of autophagy.In the AKT1+125I group,the expression of AKT1,pAKT1 and p62 were all decreased,and the ratio of LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰwas increased than the AKT1 group(P＜0.05).④ The apoptotic rate of the AKT1+125I group was lower than that of the 125I group(P＜0.05)and higher than that in the AKT1 group(P＜0.05).In HUH7 cells,the clonogenic ability of the AKT1+125I group was higher than that of the 125I group(P＜0.05).In Hep3B cells,the clonogenic ability of the AKT1+125I group was higher than that of the 125I group,and the clonogenic ability of the AKT1 group was higher than that of the NC group(P＜0.05).Conclusion 125I seed irradiation induce lethal autophagy in HCC cells by reducing the expression of AKT1,providing a new theoretical basis for the implantation of 125I radioactive seeds in the treatment of HCC.

Objective:To explore the effects and potential mechanisms of cell growth regulator 1 ( CGREF1) with an EF hand domain in colorectal cancer proliferation and migration. Methods:Fifty paraffin specimens of colorectal cancer tissues and corresponding paracancerous tissues were selected from January 2023 to January 2024 from the Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University for analysis, and TCGA, GDSC, KMPLOT and STRING databases were used to explore the expression, prognosis, immune microenvironment, drug sensitivity and related signaling pathway functions of CGREF1 in colorectal cancer. Tissue and cellular expression levels of CGREF1 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR. Lentiviral-mediated CGREF1 overexpression in SW-620 cells (OE- CGREF1 vs NC groups) was functionally characterized through CCK-8 proliferation assays, colony formation tests, and scratch wound healing migration assays, with mechanistic investigation via Western blot analysis of apoptosis markers, invasion-related proteins, and RAS/RAF/ERK pathway components. In vivo tumorigenicity was assessed by subcutaneous injection of control or CGREF1-overexpressing SW620 cells in nude mice ( n=3 per group) with tumor growth monitoring. Software of GraphPad Prism 9 was used for statistical analysis of experimental data. Results:CGREF1CGREF1RASERK Studies based on databases, clinical samples and colorectal cancer cell line analyses demonstrated that CGREF1 is downregulated in colorectal cancer, where low CGREF1 expression showed positive correlation with tumor diameter and invasion depth. CGREF1 is closely related to tumor immune infiltration microenvironment and sensitivity to multiple anti-tumor drugs. Overexpression of CGREF1 promoted cell apoptosis while inhibiting cell proliferation, invasion and migration. Overexpression of CGREF1 downregulated the expression levels of RAS, ERK and P-P38/MAPK pathway proteins. CGREF1 inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Conclusion:CGREF1 can inhibit the proliferation, colony formation, and migration of CRC cells through the RAS/ERK/MAPK pathway.