Objective:To analyze the research trends and hotspots of bupivacaine liposomes from 1994 to 2023 using bibliometrics.Methods:A comprehensive search was conducted for the literature related to bupivacaine liposomes in the Web of Science Core Collection from 1994 to 2023. The CiteSpace software was used to conduct an in-depth analysis of the included literature data, including publication year, country, institution, author, journal, cited references, keywords, etc.Results:A total of 875 papers related to bupivacaine liposomes were included. The research and development of bupivacaine liposomes were divided into 3 stages: slow development (1994-2011), a sharp rise (2011-2021), and stabilization (2021-2023). The United States was in a leading position in terms of the number of publications, centrality, and author cooperation, and Harvard University had the largest number of publications. de Paula E had the most publications, Bramlett K had the highest number of citations, and Boogaerts J had the highest centrality of publications. Journals such as Anesthesia and Analgesia made significant contributions to this field. The most cited references focused on the infiltration of wounds and the periprosthetic injection of bupivacaine liposomes. The keyword analysis showed that local anesthetics, postoperative pain, etc. were commonly used keywords, and enhanced recovery after surgery was an emerging hotspot. Conclusions:Bupivacaine liposomes show good application prospects in the field of peripheral nerve block due to their unique pharmacological properties and safety characteristics and are expected to prolong the duration of postoperative analgesia. However, there is a difference between the actual effect and the expectation, and more clinical trials are needed to evaluate the curative effect, providing a more solid and reliable theoretical basis and practical guidance for clinical practice.

Objective To observe the effects of electroacupuncture at the Hegu(LI4)acupoint on refractive parame-ters and the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-1 β(IL-1β)in the retinal tissue of mice with form-deprivation myopia(FDM).Methods Forty-eight SPF-grade,3-week-old healthy male C57BL/6J mice were ran-domly divided into four groups:normal control group,FDM group,sham acupuncture group,and Hegu group.Experimen-tal myopia was induced in the right eyes of mice in the latter three groups by wearing translucent diffuser goggles.Mice in the Hegu group received electroacupuncture stimulation at the Hegu(LI4)acupoint,while those in the sham acupuncture group received intervention with a non-penetrating blunt needle at the same location.Body weight,refractive error,and axial length were recorded for all mice before modeling and at 2 and 4 weeks after modeling.At 4 weeks post-modeling,mice were euthanized.Real-time quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of TNF-α and IL-1β,respectively,in the right retinal tissues.Retinal cell apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL staining.Results At 2 weeks post-modeling,compared with the normal control group,the refractive error of the right eyes was significantly decreased and the axial length was significantly increased in the FDM,sham acupuncture,and Hegu groups(all P＜0.01).At 4 weeks post-modeling,compared with the normal control group,the refractive error was significantly decreased and the axial length was significantly increased in the FDM and sham acupuncture groups(all P＜0.001).Compared with both the FDM and sham acupuncture groups,the Hegu group showed a significant increase in re-fractive error and a significant decrease in axial length(all P＜0.001).At 4 weeks post-modeling,RT-qPCR and Western blot results showed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of TNF-α and IL-1 β in the retina were significantly higher in the FDM and sham acupuncture groups compared to the normal control group(all P＜0.05).In contrast,the protein ex-pression level of TNF-α and the relative mRNA and protein expression levels of IL-1β in the Hegu group were significantly lower than those in the FDM group(all P＜0.05).TUNEL staining results showed that the retinal cell apoptosis rate was significantly higher in the FDM and sham acupuncture groups compared to the normal control group(all P＜0.001).Com-pared with the FDM and sham acupuncture groups,the retinal cell apoptosis rate was significantly lower in the Hegu group(all P＜0.001).Conclusion Electroacupuncture at the Hegu(LI4)acupoint can significantly inhibit the progression of myopia in mice.The mechanism may be related to the downregulation of TNF-α and IL-1β expression in the retinal tissue,thereby inhibiting retinal cell apoptosis.

Objective To observe the effects of electroacupuncture at the Hegu(LI4)acupoint on refractive parame-ters and the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-1 β(IL-1β)in the retinal tissue of mice with form-deprivation myopia(FDM).Methods Forty-eight SPF-grade,3-week-old healthy male C57BL/6J mice were ran-domly divided into four groups:normal control group,FDM group,sham acupuncture group,and Hegu group.Experimen-tal myopia was induced in the right eyes of mice in the latter three groups by wearing translucent diffuser goggles.Mice in the Hegu group received electroacupuncture stimulation at the Hegu(LI4)acupoint,while those in the sham acupuncture group received intervention with a non-penetrating blunt needle at the same location.Body weight,refractive error,and axial length were recorded for all mice before modeling and at 2 and 4 weeks after modeling.At 4 weeks post-modeling,mice were euthanized.Real-time quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of TNF-α and IL-1β,respectively,in the right retinal tissues.Retinal cell apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL staining.Results At 2 weeks post-modeling,compared with the normal control group,the refractive error of the right eyes was significantly decreased and the axial length was significantly increased in the FDM,sham acupuncture,and Hegu groups(all P＜0.01).At 4 weeks post-modeling,compared with the normal control group,the refractive error was significantly decreased and the axial length was significantly increased in the FDM and sham acupuncture groups(all P＜0.001).Compared with both the FDM and sham acupuncture groups,the Hegu group showed a significant increase in re-fractive error and a significant decrease in axial length(all P＜0.001).At 4 weeks post-modeling,RT-qPCR and Western blot results showed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of TNF-α and IL-1 β in the retina were significantly higher in the FDM and sham acupuncture groups compared to the normal control group(all P＜0.05).In contrast,the protein ex-pression level of TNF-α and the relative mRNA and protein expression levels of IL-1β in the Hegu group were significantly lower than those in the FDM group(all P＜0.05).TUNEL staining results showed that the retinal cell apoptosis rate was significantly higher in the FDM and sham acupuncture groups compared to the normal control group(all P＜0.001).Com-pared with the FDM and sham acupuncture groups,the retinal cell apoptosis rate was significantly lower in the Hegu group(all P＜0.001).Conclusion Electroacupuncture at the Hegu(LI4)acupoint can significantly inhibit the progression of myopia in mice.The mechanism may be related to the downregulation of TNF-α and IL-1β expression in the retinal tissue,thereby inhibiting retinal cell apoptosis.

Objective:To analyze the research trends and hotspots of bupivacaine liposomes from 1994 to 2023 using bibliometrics.Methods:A comprehensive search was conducted for the literature related to bupivacaine liposomes in the Web of Science Core Collection from 1994 to 2023. The CiteSpace software was used to conduct an in-depth analysis of the included literature data, including publication year, country, institution, author, journal, cited references, keywords, etc.Results:A total of 875 papers related to bupivacaine liposomes were included. The research and development of bupivacaine liposomes were divided into 3 stages: slow development (1994-2011), a sharp rise (2011-2021), and stabilization (2021-2023). The United States was in a leading position in terms of the number of publications, centrality, and author cooperation, and Harvard University had the largest number of publications. de Paula E had the most publications, Bramlett K had the highest number of citations, and Boogaerts J had the highest centrality of publications. Journals such as Anesthesia and Analgesia made significant contributions to this field. The most cited references focused on the infiltration of wounds and the periprosthetic injection of bupivacaine liposomes. The keyword analysis showed that local anesthetics, postoperative pain, etc. were commonly used keywords, and enhanced recovery after surgery was an emerging hotspot. Conclusions:Bupivacaine liposomes show good application prospects in the field of peripheral nerve block due to their unique pharmacological properties and safety characteristics and are expected to prolong the duration of postoperative analgesia. However, there is a difference between the actual effect and the expectation, and more clinical trials are needed to evaluate the curative effect, providing a more solid and reliable theoretical basis and practical guidance for clinical practice.

Many human genetic diseases, including Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), are caused by single point mutations. HGPS is a rare disorder that causes premature aging and is usually caused by a de novo point mutation in the LMNA gene. Base editors (BEs) composed of a cytidine deaminase fused to CRISPR/Cas9 nickase are highly efficient at inducing C to T base conversions in a programmable manner and can be used to generate animal disease models with single amino-acid substitutions. Here, we generated the first HGPS monkey model by delivering a BE mRNA and guide RNA (gRNA) targeting the LMNA gene via microinjection into monkey zygotes. Five out of six newborn monkeys carried the mutation specifically at the target site. HGPS monkeys expressed the toxic form of lamin A, progerin, and recapitulated the typical HGPS phenotypes including growth retardation, bone alterations, and vascular abnormalities. Thus, this monkey model genetically and clinically mimics HGPS in humans, demonstrating that the BE system can efficiently and accurately generate patient-specific disease models in non-human primates.
Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Gene Editing ; Humans ; Lamin Type A/metabolism* ; Macaca fascicularis ; Progeria/pathology*