ObjectiveTo explore the academic characteristics of contemporary renowned Chinese medicine masters in treating diabetic kidney disease （DKD） from the perspectives of principles， methods， formulas， and medications. MethodsIn strict accordance with the Systematic Review of Text and Opinion （SrTO） process developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute （JBI）， an Australian evidence-based healthcare center， the databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， VIP Database， Wanfang Data， and China Biomedical Literature Service System （SinoMed） were searched. Based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria， text information extraction， quality evaluation， and text information synthesis were conducted sequentially. The data were analyzed and presented in the form of text and figures. ResultsA total of 215 articles related to 43 contemporary renowned experts in the fields of Chinese medicine nephrology and endocrinology were included. The study found that the academic thoughts of these masters in the treatment of DKD are extensive， involving multiple levels such as disease understanding， therapeutic strategies， formula application， and medication use. In terms of disease understanding， the primary pathogenesis is characterized by deficiency in the root and excess in the manifestation. It is emphasized that internal factors， such as congenital endowment deficiency， interact with external factors such as improper diet， emotional disturbances， invasion of exogenous pathogens， and delayed or inappropriate treatment， to jointly induce the disease. This further gives rise to various pathogenetic theories， including obstruction of renal collaterals by blood stasis， toxin-induced damage to renal collaterals， latent wind disturbing the kidney， and internal heat leading to mass formation. In terms of therapeutic strategies and medication use， the principal treatment method is to replenish Qi and nourish Yin. Stage-based and syndrome-differentiated treatments are advocated. Flexible use of insect-derived drugs and wind-dispelling drugs is emphasized， along with proficiency in applying classical formulas and drug pairs. Integrated internal and external treatments， as well as the combined application of multiple therapeutic approaches， are commonly employed for comprehensive management. Meanwhile， the concept of "preventive treatment of disease" is upheld， and individualized long-term management of patients is advocated. ConclusionThrough the SrTO process， the academic thoughts of contemporary renowned Chinese medicine masters in the treatment of DKD have been systematically and standardly synthesized， providing a scientific and standardized basis for future theoretical exploration.

ObjectiveTo explore the academic characteristics of contemporary renowned Chinese medicine masters in treating diabetic kidney disease （DKD） from the perspectives of principles， methods， formulas， and medications. MethodsIn strict accordance with the Systematic Review of Text and Opinion （SrTO） process developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute （JBI）， an Australian evidence-based healthcare center， the databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， VIP Database， Wanfang Data， and China Biomedical Literature Service System （SinoMed） were searched. Based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria， text information extraction， quality evaluation， and text information synthesis were conducted sequentially. The data were analyzed and presented in the form of text and figures. ResultsA total of 215 articles related to 43 contemporary renowned experts in the fields of Chinese medicine nephrology and endocrinology were included. The study found that the academic thoughts of these masters in the treatment of DKD are extensive， involving multiple levels such as disease understanding， therapeutic strategies， formula application， and medication use. In terms of disease understanding， the primary pathogenesis is characterized by deficiency in the root and excess in the manifestation. It is emphasized that internal factors， such as congenital endowment deficiency， interact with external factors such as improper diet， emotional disturbances， invasion of exogenous pathogens， and delayed or inappropriate treatment， to jointly induce the disease. This further gives rise to various pathogenetic theories， including obstruction of renal collaterals by blood stasis， toxin-induced damage to renal collaterals， latent wind disturbing the kidney， and internal heat leading to mass formation. In terms of therapeutic strategies and medication use， the principal treatment method is to replenish Qi and nourish Yin. Stage-based and syndrome-differentiated treatments are advocated. Flexible use of insect-derived drugs and wind-dispelling drugs is emphasized， along with proficiency in applying classical formulas and drug pairs. Integrated internal and external treatments， as well as the combined application of multiple therapeutic approaches， are commonly employed for comprehensive management. Meanwhile， the concept of "preventive treatment of disease" is upheld， and individualized long-term management of patients is advocated. ConclusionThrough the SrTO process， the academic thoughts of contemporary renowned Chinese medicine masters in the treatment of DKD have been systematically and standardly synthesized， providing a scientific and standardized basis for future theoretical exploration.

Objective To reveal the thermally induced denaturation of wild-type human γ D-crystallin(HGD)and congenital cataract-related mutant(HGD P23T),and compare the differences in the structural changes between wild-type and mutants during a heating process.Methods HGD and HGD P23T were expressed and purified.The temperature-dependent intrinsic fluorescence intensity and static light scattering intensity of the protein samples were measured to reveal the temperature-dependent folding and aggregation structural changes of HGD and HGD P23T.Results When the temperature was below 70℃,the barycentric mean of the intrinsic fluorescence of HGD and HGD P23T shifted towards a longer wavelength with increasing temperature and the fluorescence intensity de-creased indicating the unfolded protein conformations.The conformational stability of HGD P23T was weaker than that of HGD.When temperature was higher than 70℃,the static light scattering intensity increased significantly with temperature,indicating protein aggregation upon heating.Relative to the wild-type,HGD P23T showed a stronger aggregation potency.Conclusions Heating disrupts the folding conformation of Γd-crystallin,induces the unfolded protein to aggregate.The disease-associated P23T mutation significantly reduces the conformational stability of Γd-crystallin.

Objective To find the molecular mechanism underlying the effect of congenital cataract related 129th single-site mutation G129C on the thermal stability of human γC crystallin(HγC)protein structure.Methods HγC-WT and HγC-G129C were expressed and purified in vitro.The changes of intrinsic fluorescence intensity and static light scattering intensity of proteins with temperature were measured,and the temperature dependence of the folding and aggregation structures of HγC-WT and HγC-G129C was compared.Results When temperature was be-low 65 ℃,the barycentric mean of the intrinsic fluorescence of HγC-WT and HγC-G129C shifted towards a longer wavelength and the fluorescence intensity decreased with the increasing temperature,which was believed to be the evidence of unfolded protein conformation.When the temperature was higher than 65 ℃,the static light scattering intensity increased significantly with the temperature,indicating the protein aggregation upon heating.The wild-type HγC-G129C showed a stronger aggregation potency.During the thermal de-naturation process of HγC-WT and HγC-G 129C,the crossing-point temperatures were 74.5 ℃ and 55.5 ℃,respectively.HγC-WT showed higher thermal stability.Conclusions The congenital cataract-associated G129C mutation significantly weakens conforma-tional stability of γC-crystallin.

AIM:To explore the intensity-dependent effects of exercises to alleviate fear memory generaliza-tion in post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)and the underlying mechanism.METHODS:Male C57 BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the control group,PTSD group,high-intensity exercise(PTSD-High)group,and low-intensity exer-cise(PTSD-Low)group.PTSD model were created via using a combination of conditioned foot shock(CF)and single-pro-longed stress(SPS).The contextual fear test was used to test the mice's ability to discriminate safety situations from fear condition.Immunofluorescence observed and quantified the newborn immature neurons in the DG area of the mice's hippo-campus.ELISA was used to determine the secretion level of serum tissue adiponectin.RESULTS:(1)The immobility times for the PTSD-High and Control groups were significantly lower than those of the PTSD group.(2)Immunofluores-cence analysis showed that the cell density,dendritic branching points and length of newborn immature neurons were ele-vated in High and Low groups compared to the PTSD group.(3)Adiponectin levels in the serum of the control and PTSD-High group were significantly higher than those in the PTSD group and PTSD-Low group.CONCLUSION:Fear memory establishment in PTSD mice is associated with decreased hippocampal neurogenesis.High-intensity exercise ameliorated fear memory by enhancing adiponectin secretion and promoting hippocampal neurogenesis.High-intensity exercise exerted better improvement of brain functions to PTSD model.

The aim of this study was to clone the chicken zp1 gene encoding zona pellucida 1 (Zp1) and investigate its tissues expression profile and its effect on osteoblast mineralization. The expression level of zp1 was quantified in various tissues of laying hens and in the tibia of the pre- and post-sexual maturity by RT-qPCR. Zp1 overexpressed vector was transfected into chicken calvarial osteoblasts which were induced differentiation for 8 days, and the extracellular mineral and the expression of mineralization-related genes were detected. The full-length chicken zp1 gene is 3 045 bp, encoding 958 amino acids residuals, and has two N-glycosylation sites. The highest expression level of the zp1 gene was found in the liver, followed by the tibia and yolk membrane, while no expression was detected in the heart and eggshell gland. Compared with the pre-sexual maturity hens, the concentration of estrogen (E2) in plasma, the content of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and the expression level of the zp1 gene in the tibia with post-sexual maturity were higher. The extracellular matrix and the level of osteoblast mineralization-related genes showed a significantly upregulated expression in chicken calvarial osteoblasts with Zp1 overexpressed and addition of estrogen. The expression of the zp1 gene is tissue-specific and positively regulated osteoblast mineralization under the action of estrogen, laying the foundation for elucidating the functional properties of Zp1 in chicken bones during the egg production period.
Female ; Animals ; Zona Pellucida Glycoproteins ; Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism* ; Chickens/genetics* ; Egg Proteins/metabolism* ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; Estrogens

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer patients who are positive for hormone receptor typically exhibit a favorable prognosis. It is controversial whether chemotherapy is necessary for them after surgery. Our study aimed to establish a multigene model to predict the relapse of hormone receptor-positive early-stage Chinese breast cancer after surgery and direct individualized application of chemotherapy in breast cancer patients after surgery. METHODS: In this study, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between relapse and nonrelapse breast cancer groups based on RNA sequencing. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to identify potential relapse-relevant pathways. CIBERSORT and Microenvironment Cell Populations-counter algorithms were used to analyze immune infiltration. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, log-rank tests, and multiple Cox regression were performed to identify prognostic signatures. A predictive model was developed and validated based on Kaplan-Meier analysis, receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). RESULTS: A total of 234 out of 487 patients were enrolled in this study, and 1588 DEGs were identified between the relapse and nonrelapse groups. GSEA results showed that immune-related pathways were enriched in the nonrelapse group, whereas cell cycle- and metabolism-relevant pathways were enriched in the relapse group. A predictive model was developed using three genes ( CKMT1B , SMR3B , and OR11M1P ) generated from the LASSO regression. The model stratified breast cancer patients into high- and low-risk subgroups with significantly different prognostic statuses, and our model was independent of other clinical factors. Time-dependent ROC showed high predictive performance of the model. CONCLUSIONS A multigene model was established from RNA-sequencing data to direct risk classification and predict relapse of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer in Chinese patients. Utilization of the model could provide individualized evaluation of chemotherapy after surgery for breast cancer patients.
Humans ; Female ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics* ; East Asian People ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics* ; Breast ; Algorithms ; Chronic Disease ; Prognosis ; Tumor Microenvironment

Primary liver cancer is a major global public health issue and currently the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The continuous changes in early cancer detection and treatment strategies have improved the overall survival rate of patients. Emerging organoid technologies have had a dramatic impact on cancer research in recent years, and tumor organoids are widely used in basic and translational cancer research. Tumor organoid culture technology will bridge the gap among molecular genetics, biology and clinical treatment. In this review, we discussed the recent different applications of liver organoids in liver cancer biology and clinical translation, involving liver cancer molecular studies, microenvironment and metastasis studies and drug screening trials, in order to provide a reference for clinical practice.

Natural extracellular vesicles (EVs) play important roles in many life processes such as in the intermolecular transfer of substances and genetic information exchanges. Investigating the origins and working mechanisms of natural EVs may provide an understanding of life activities, especially regarding the occurrence and development of diseases. Additionally, due to their vesicular structure, EVs (in small molecules, nucleic acids, proteins, etc.) could act as efficient drug-delivery carriers. Herein, we describe the sources and biological functions of various EVs, summarize the roles of EVs in disease diagnosis and treatment, and review the application of EVs as drug-delivery carriers. We also assess the challenges and perspectives of EVs in biomedical applications.