ObjectiveTo explore the academic characteristics of contemporary renowned Chinese medicine masters in treating diabetic kidney disease （DKD） from the perspectives of principles， methods， formulas， and medications. MethodsIn strict accordance with the Systematic Review of Text and Opinion （SrTO） process developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute （JBI）， an Australian evidence-based healthcare center， the databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， VIP Database， Wanfang Data， and China Biomedical Literature Service System （SinoMed） were searched. Based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria， text information extraction， quality evaluation， and text information synthesis were conducted sequentially. The data were analyzed and presented in the form of text and figures. ResultsA total of 215 articles related to 43 contemporary renowned experts in the fields of Chinese medicine nephrology and endocrinology were included. The study found that the academic thoughts of these masters in the treatment of DKD are extensive， involving multiple levels such as disease understanding， therapeutic strategies， formula application， and medication use. In terms of disease understanding， the primary pathogenesis is characterized by deficiency in the root and excess in the manifestation. It is emphasized that internal factors， such as congenital endowment deficiency， interact with external factors such as improper diet， emotional disturbances， invasion of exogenous pathogens， and delayed or inappropriate treatment， to jointly induce the disease. This further gives rise to various pathogenetic theories， including obstruction of renal collaterals by blood stasis， toxin-induced damage to renal collaterals， latent wind disturbing the kidney， and internal heat leading to mass formation. In terms of therapeutic strategies and medication use， the principal treatment method is to replenish Qi and nourish Yin. Stage-based and syndrome-differentiated treatments are advocated. Flexible use of insect-derived drugs and wind-dispelling drugs is emphasized， along with proficiency in applying classical formulas and drug pairs. Integrated internal and external treatments， as well as the combined application of multiple therapeutic approaches， are commonly employed for comprehensive management. Meanwhile， the concept of "preventive treatment of disease" is upheld， and individualized long-term management of patients is advocated. ConclusionThrough the SrTO process， the academic thoughts of contemporary renowned Chinese medicine masters in the treatment of DKD have been systematically and standardly synthesized， providing a scientific and standardized basis for future theoretical exploration.

ObjectiveTo explore the academic characteristics of contemporary renowned Chinese medicine masters in treating diabetic kidney disease （DKD） from the perspectives of principles， methods， formulas， and medications. MethodsIn strict accordance with the Systematic Review of Text and Opinion （SrTO） process developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute （JBI）， an Australian evidence-based healthcare center， the databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， VIP Database， Wanfang Data， and China Biomedical Literature Service System （SinoMed） were searched. Based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria， text information extraction， quality evaluation， and text information synthesis were conducted sequentially. The data were analyzed and presented in the form of text and figures. ResultsA total of 215 articles related to 43 contemporary renowned experts in the fields of Chinese medicine nephrology and endocrinology were included. The study found that the academic thoughts of these masters in the treatment of DKD are extensive， involving multiple levels such as disease understanding， therapeutic strategies， formula application， and medication use. In terms of disease understanding， the primary pathogenesis is characterized by deficiency in the root and excess in the manifestation. It is emphasized that internal factors， such as congenital endowment deficiency， interact with external factors such as improper diet， emotional disturbances， invasion of exogenous pathogens， and delayed or inappropriate treatment， to jointly induce the disease. This further gives rise to various pathogenetic theories， including obstruction of renal collaterals by blood stasis， toxin-induced damage to renal collaterals， latent wind disturbing the kidney， and internal heat leading to mass formation. In terms of therapeutic strategies and medication use， the principal treatment method is to replenish Qi and nourish Yin. Stage-based and syndrome-differentiated treatments are advocated. Flexible use of insect-derived drugs and wind-dispelling drugs is emphasized， along with proficiency in applying classical formulas and drug pairs. Integrated internal and external treatments， as well as the combined application of multiple therapeutic approaches， are commonly employed for comprehensive management. Meanwhile， the concept of "preventive treatment of disease" is upheld， and individualized long-term management of patients is advocated. ConclusionThrough the SrTO process， the academic thoughts of contemporary renowned Chinese medicine masters in the treatment of DKD have been systematically and standardly synthesized， providing a scientific and standardized basis for future theoretical exploration.

Objective To reveal the thermally induced denaturation of wild-type human γ D-crystallin(HGD)and congenital cataract-related mutant(HGD P23T),and compare the differences in the structural changes between wild-type and mutants during a heating process.Methods HGD and HGD P23T were expressed and purified.The temperature-dependent intrinsic fluorescence intensity and static light scattering intensity of the protein samples were measured to reveal the temperature-dependent folding and aggregation structural changes of HGD and HGD P23T.Results When the temperature was below 70℃,the barycentric mean of the intrinsic fluorescence of HGD and HGD P23T shifted towards a longer wavelength with increasing temperature and the fluorescence intensity de-creased indicating the unfolded protein conformations.The conformational stability of HGD P23T was weaker than that of HGD.When temperature was higher than 70℃,the static light scattering intensity increased significantly with temperature,indicating protein aggregation upon heating.Relative to the wild-type,HGD P23T showed a stronger aggregation potency.Conclusions Heating disrupts the folding conformation of Γd-crystallin,induces the unfolded protein to aggregate.The disease-associated P23T mutation significantly reduces the conformational stability of Γd-crystallin.

Objective To find the molecular mechanism underlying the effect of congenital cataract related 129th single-site mutation G129C on the thermal stability of human γC crystallin(HγC)protein structure.Methods HγC-WT and HγC-G129C were expressed and purified in vitro.The changes of intrinsic fluorescence intensity and static light scattering intensity of proteins with temperature were measured,and the temperature dependence of the folding and aggregation structures of HγC-WT and HγC-G129C was compared.Results When temperature was be-low 65 ℃,the barycentric mean of the intrinsic fluorescence of HγC-WT and HγC-G129C shifted towards a longer wavelength and the fluorescence intensity decreased with the increasing temperature,which was believed to be the evidence of unfolded protein conformation.When the temperature was higher than 65 ℃,the static light scattering intensity increased significantly with the temperature,indicating the protein aggregation upon heating.The wild-type HγC-G129C showed a stronger aggregation potency.During the thermal de-naturation process of HγC-WT and HγC-G 129C,the crossing-point temperatures were 74.5 ℃ and 55.5 ℃,respectively.HγC-WT showed higher thermal stability.Conclusions The congenital cataract-associated G129C mutation significantly weakens conforma-tional stability of γC-crystallin.

Extracellular vesicles(EVs)are nano-sized bilayer vesicles that are shed or secreted by virtually every cell type.A variety of biomolecules,including proteins,lipids,coding and non-coding RNAs,and mitochondrial DNA,can be selectively encapsulated into EVs and delivered to nearby and distant recipient cells,leading to alterations in the recipient cells,suggesting that EVs play an important role in intercellular communication.EVs play effective roles in physiology and pathology and could be used as diagnostic and therapeutic tools.At present,although the mechanisms of exosome biogenesis and secretion in donor cells are well understood,the molecular mechanism of EV recognition and uptake by recipient cells is still unclear.This review summarizes the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of EVs'biological journey in recipient cells,from recognition to uptake and cargo release.Furthermore,we highlight how EVs escape endolysosomal degradation after uptake and thus release cargo,which is crucial for studies applying EVs as drug-targeted delivery vehicles.Knowledge of the cellular processes that govern EV uptake is important to shed light on the functions of EVs as well as on related clinical applications.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer patients who are positive for hormone receptor typically exhibit a favorable prognosis. It is controversial whether chemotherapy is necessary for them after surgery. Our study aimed to establish a multigene model to predict the relapse of hormone receptor-positive early-stage Chinese breast cancer after surgery and direct individualized application of chemotherapy in breast cancer patients after surgery. METHODS: In this study, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between relapse and nonrelapse breast cancer groups based on RNA sequencing. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to identify potential relapse-relevant pathways. CIBERSORT and Microenvironment Cell Populations-counter algorithms were used to analyze immune infiltration. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, log-rank tests, and multiple Cox regression were performed to identify prognostic signatures. A predictive model was developed and validated based on Kaplan-Meier analysis, receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). RESULTS: A total of 234 out of 487 patients were enrolled in this study, and 1588 DEGs were identified between the relapse and nonrelapse groups. GSEA results showed that immune-related pathways were enriched in the nonrelapse group, whereas cell cycle- and metabolism-relevant pathways were enriched in the relapse group. A predictive model was developed using three genes ( CKMT1B , SMR3B , and OR11M1P ) generated from the LASSO regression. The model stratified breast cancer patients into high- and low-risk subgroups with significantly different prognostic statuses, and our model was independent of other clinical factors. Time-dependent ROC showed high predictive performance of the model. CONCLUSIONS A multigene model was established from RNA-sequencing data to direct risk classification and predict relapse of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer in Chinese patients. Utilization of the model could provide individualized evaluation of chemotherapy after surgery for breast cancer patients.
Humans ; Female ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics* ; East Asian People ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics* ; Breast ; Algorithms ; Chronic Disease ; Prognosis ; Tumor Microenvironment

Intelligent drug delivery is a promising strategy for cancer therapies. In recent years, with the rapid development of synthetic biology, some properties of bacteria, such as gene operability, excellent tumor colonization ability, and host-independent structure, make them ideal intelligent drug carriers and have attracted extensive attention. By implanting condition-responsive elements or gene circuits into bacteria, they can synthesize or release drugs by sensing stimuli. Therefore, compared with traditional drug delivery, the usage of bacteria for drug loading has better targeting ability and controllability, and can cope with the complex delivery environment of the body to achieve the intelligent delivery of drugs. This review mainly introduces the development of bacterial-based drug delivery carriers, including mechanisms of bacterial targeting to tumor colonization, gene deletions or mutations, environment-responsive elements, and gene circuits. Meanwhile, we summarize the challenges and prospects faced by bacteria in clinical research, and hope to provide ideas for clinical translation.

Natural extracellular vesicles (EVs) play important roles in many life processes such as in the intermolecular transfer of substances and genetic information exchanges. Investigating the origins and working mechanisms of natural EVs may provide an understanding of life activities, especially regarding the occurrence and development of diseases. Additionally, due to their vesicular structure, EVs (in small molecules, nucleic acids, proteins, etc.) could act as efficient drug-delivery carriers. Herein, we describe the sources and biological functions of various EVs, summarize the roles of EVs in disease diagnosis and treatment, and review the application of EVs as drug-delivery carriers. We also assess the challenges and perspectives of EVs in biomedical applications.

Objective To compare the anatomy of maxillary sinus in single maxillary posterior edentulous area and the contralateral side without loss of tooth,and to investigate the effect of tooth loss on the anatomy of maxillary sinus by cone-beam CT(CBCT).Methods A total of 128 patients with single unilateral single maxillary tooth loss were included in the study.CBCT was taken in these patients and the thickness of the maxillary lateral wall,mucosa thickness of sinus floor and sinus septa of the maxillary sinus were recorded and compared with the contralateral side.The bone height from the sinus floor to the ridge crest and the distance between maxillary sinus floor and the vascular anastomosis of maxillary lateral wall were analyzed.Results The thickness of maxillary sinus lateral wall and maxillary sinus mucosa were 1.59 (1.22),1.61(1.95) mm in the maxillary posterior edentulous area and significantly less than those of the contralateral side(1.76[1.10],1.91[2.23] mm)(P＜0.05),and the data was demonstrated using median(quartile range).The difference of the mean number of maxillary sinus septa between the two sides was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).There was a negative correlation between the bone height from the sinus floor to the ridge crest and the distance between maxillary sinus floor and the vascular anastomosis of maxillary lateral wall (r=-0.343,P＜0.01).Conclusions The changes of the thickness of lateral wall of maxillary sinus and maxillary sinus mucosa are closely related to tooth loss.The change of the number of maxillary sinus septa is not related to tooth loss.There is a negative correlation between the bone height from the sinus floor to the ridge crest and the distance between maxillary sinus floor and the vascular anastomosis of maxillary lateral wall.

OBJECTIVETo study the dynamic accumulation of dry matter and index components and provide reference to the manual cultural technique of Pinellia ternata.

METHODSeedlings of Taizhou P. ternata were used as the pot experiment material, and the contents of free total organic acid and guanosine of each organ were determined at different stages of spring and autumn period.

RESULTP. ternata had two growth climax in spring and autumn. Under the same condition of cultivation and management, dry matter largely accumulated in spring. The contents of free total organic acid and guanosine was ascending during the growth period, but dropped during sprout tumble bolting and sprout tumble stage.

CONCLUSIONHigh temperature and bolting affect the accumulation of organic acids significantly, it is reasonable to prevent the temperature stress in production.

Acids ; metabolism ; Guanosine ; metabolism ; Hot Temperature ; Pinellia ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Seasons ; Seedlings ; chemistry ; metabolism