BACKGROUND:The technique of ultrasound processing is widely used for molecular biological analysis.It is of great significance to study the DNA quality of tissue with different storage years under new ultrasonic treatment for further specimen quality control of molecular detection.OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of different storage durations on DNA quality in specimens with ultrasound processing to investigate the optimal storage time for molecular tests.METHODS:Forty specimens of breast biopsy were collected and paraffin specimens were prepared by ultrasonography.These specimens were divided into four groups based on their storage periods:<1 year,1-3 years,>3-5 years,and>5 years,which contained 10 cases in each group.Paraffin specimens were sliced;each slice was 3 μm thick;10-15 slices were taken,and DNA was extracted.The mass concentration of DNA was examined by Nanophotometer N60 ultra-micro spectrophotometer and Qubit 4.0 fluorometer.The purity of the DNA was analyzed by the ratio of A260/A280.DNA fragment integrity was measured by capillary electrophoresis (Qsep 100) to evaluate the quality of the DNA fragments.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The mean values of A260/A280 in the four groups were between 1.8 and 2.0,meeting the requirements of tests,without significant differences.The mean values of DNA mass concentration (Qubit concentration) were 30.39,14.33,2.52,and 1.95 ng/μL,respectively.The mean values of the N/Q were 6.48,14.18,24.56,and 29.86.The mean values of DNA were:5.64,1.76,1.24,and 0.80.The percentage of large DNA fragments averaged 56.08％,17.72％,12.68％,and 7.90％.Moreover,the Ct values of the internal control detected by PCR were 15.32,17.09,18.39,and 21.24.The three other groups exhibited significantly lower DNA concentration,higher N/Q ratios,decreased DNA quality and percentage of large fragments,and increased values of Ct,compared with the group of within 1 year of storage (P<0.05).The experimental results suggested that for novel ultrasound processed biopsy specimens,we should prioritize samples stored within 1 year for molecular testing.Samples stored within 3 years can also meet the requirements of second-generation sequencing and other tests.Samples stored within 5 years can only be attempted to carry out PCR.Samples stored for more than 5 years were not recommended to carry out molecular tests.

Mitochondria are important organelles which produce the energy required to maintain cell activity.They can produce energy through oxidative phosphorylation(OXPHOS),tricarboxylic acid(TCA)cycle and other pathways,and play an essential role in cell metabolism and many physiological processes.However,mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease(AD).Previous studies have confirmed that mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation-related proteins,membrane transporters,fusion and fission proteins can affect mitochondrial function and participate in the pathophysiological process of AD via mechanisms such as oxidative stress injury.Therefore,this article reviews the involvement of mitochondrial proteins and its dysfunction in the pathogenesis of AD and the possibility of treating AD by regulating mitochondrial proteins and its functions.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of oxycodone and midazolam for endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography(ERCP)under awake sedation.Methods Patients scheduled for elective ERCP in the department of gastroenterology of Xuzhou Central Hospital from January 2021 to December 2022 were prospectively recruited and randomly divided into the control group(pethidine combined with diazepam)and the experimental group(oxycodone combined with midazolam).Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)score,Ramsay Sedation Scale(RSS)score,heart rate(HR),respiratory rate(RR),blood oxygen saturation(SpO2),mean arterial pressure(MAP)and postoperative C-reactive protein and blood amylase levels were observed and compared between the two groups of patients before the procedure(T0),at the time of entry(T1),at the time of the opening of the endoscope into the duodenal papilla(T2),at the time of exit(T3).Additionally,incidence of adverse events,patient and endoscopist satisfaction were compared between the two groups.Results A total of 60 patients were included,30 in each group.The difference in the trends of VAS and RSS scores over time between the two groups was statistically significant(Ptime×treatment＜0.05).Compared to the control group,the experimental group had lower VAS scores and higher RSS scores at T1,T2 and T3(P＜0.05).The differences in SpO2 and MAP changes over time between the two groups were statistically significant(Ptime×treatment＜0.05),with higher values observed in the experimental group at T1-T3(P＜0.05).The incidence of pain,coughing and agitation in the experimental group was lower during the procedure(P＜0.05).Both endoscopist and patient satisfaction were significantly higher in the experimental group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Compared with pethidine combined with diazepam,oxcyodone combined with midazolam as a preoperative medication for awake sedation in ERCP treatment is more effective and safer.

Mitochondria are important organelles which produce the energy required to maintain cell activity.They can produce energy through oxidative phosphorylation(OXPHOS),tricarboxylic acid(TCA)cycle and other pathways,and play an essential role in cell metabolism and many physiological processes.However,mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease(AD).Previous studies have confirmed that mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation-related proteins,membrane transporters,fusion and fission proteins can affect mitochondrial function and participate in the pathophysiological process of AD via mechanisms such as oxidative stress injury.Therefore,this article reviews the involvement of mitochondrial proteins and its dysfunction in the pathogenesis of AD and the possibility of treating AD by regulating mitochondrial proteins and its functions.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of oxycodone and midazolam for endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography(ERCP)under awake sedation.Methods Patients scheduled for elective ERCP in the department of gastroenterology of Xuzhou Central Hospital from January 2021 to December 2022 were prospectively recruited and randomly divided into the control group(pethidine combined with diazepam)and the experimental group(oxycodone combined with midazolam).Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)score,Ramsay Sedation Scale(RSS)score,heart rate(HR),respiratory rate(RR),blood oxygen saturation(SpO2),mean arterial pressure(MAP)and postoperative C-reactive protein and blood amylase levels were observed and compared between the two groups of patients before the procedure(T0),at the time of entry(T1),at the time of the opening of the endoscope into the duodenal papilla(T2),at the time of exit(T3).Additionally,incidence of adverse events,patient and endoscopist satisfaction were compared between the two groups.Results A total of 60 patients were included,30 in each group.The difference in the trends of VAS and RSS scores over time between the two groups was statistically significant(Ptime×treatment＜0.05).Compared to the control group,the experimental group had lower VAS scores and higher RSS scores at T1,T2 and T3(P＜0.05).The differences in SpO2 and MAP changes over time between the two groups were statistically significant(Ptime×treatment＜0.05),with higher values observed in the experimental group at T1-T3(P＜0.05).The incidence of pain,coughing and agitation in the experimental group was lower during the procedure(P＜0.05).Both endoscopist and patient satisfaction were significantly higher in the experimental group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Compared with pethidine combined with diazepam,oxcyodone combined with midazolam as a preoperative medication for awake sedation in ERCP treatment is more effective and safer.

Sodium valproate (VPA) is a widely used antiepileptic drug and mood stabilizer in both neurology and psychiatry. Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy (VHE) is a rare but serious complication associated with its use. This paper reports a clinical case of a patient with bipolar disorder who developed VHE after self-administering, a rapid short-term dose escalation of VPA. The patient exhibited symptoms including nausea, vomiting, altered consciousness, and disorientation shortly after the dosage increase. Following prompt discontinuation of VPA and symptomatic treatment including cathartic therapy to promote drug elimination, the patient gradually regained consciousness and physical symptoms resolved. Through a review of this case and relevant literature, this article discusses the pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of VHE, to provide clinical reference for healthcare professionals.

BACKGROUND:The technique of ultrasound processing is widely used for molecular biological analysis.It is of great significance to study the DNA quality of tissue with different storage years under new ultrasonic treatment for further specimen quality control of molecular detection.OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of different storage durations on DNA quality in specimens with ultrasound processing to investigate the optimal storage time for molecular tests.METHODS:Forty specimens of breast biopsy were collected and paraffin specimens were prepared by ultrasonography.These specimens were divided into four groups based on their storage periods:<1 year,1-3 years,>3-5 years,and>5 years,which contained 10 cases in each group.Paraffin specimens were sliced;each slice was 3 μm thick;10-15 slices were taken,and DNA was extracted.The mass concentration of DNA was examined by Nanophotometer N60 ultra-micro spectrophotometer and Qubit 4.0 fluorometer.The purity of the DNA was analyzed by the ratio of A260/A280.DNA fragment integrity was measured by capillary electrophoresis (Qsep 100) to evaluate the quality of the DNA fragments.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The mean values of A260/A280 in the four groups were between 1.8 and 2.0,meeting the requirements of tests,without significant differences.The mean values of DNA mass concentration (Qubit concentration) were 30.39,14.33,2.52,and 1.95 ng/μL,respectively.The mean values of the N/Q were 6.48,14.18,24.56,and 29.86.The mean values of DNA were:5.64,1.76,1.24,and 0.80.The percentage of large DNA fragments averaged 56.08％,17.72％,12.68％,and 7.90％.Moreover,the Ct values of the internal control detected by PCR were 15.32,17.09,18.39,and 21.24.The three other groups exhibited significantly lower DNA concentration,higher N/Q ratios,decreased DNA quality and percentage of large fragments,and increased values of Ct,compared with the group of within 1 year of storage (P<0.05).The experimental results suggested that for novel ultrasound processed biopsy specimens,we should prioritize samples stored within 1 year for molecular testing.Samples stored within 3 years can also meet the requirements of second-generation sequencing and other tests.Samples stored within 5 years can only be attempted to carry out PCR.Samples stored for more than 5 years were not recommended to carry out molecular tests.

[Purpose]To analyze the incidence and mortality rates of female breast cancer in Henan Province in 2020 and the trends from 2010 to 2020.[Methods]Breast cancer incidence and mor-tality data stratified by urban and rural areas and age groups were collected from Henan Provincial tumor registry,and the province's household population statistics were used.The crude incidence/mortality rate,age-standardized incidence/mortality rate by Chinese standard population(ASIRC/ASMRC)and world standard population(ASIRW/ASMRW),cumulative rate(0～74 year old)were calculated.The annual percentage change(APC),average annual percentage change(AAPC)and 95％confidence interval(CI)were calculated using Joinpoint software to analyze the trends of the incidence and mortality from 2010 to 2020.[Results]In 2020,24 744 new cases and 4 989 deaths of female breast cancer were documented in Henan Province,with a crude incidence rate of 46.96/105,ASIRC of 38.43/105 and ASIRW of 35.71/105;a crude mortality rate of 9.47/105,ASMRC of 6.80/105 and ASMRW of 6.72/105,respectively.The above indicators in urban areas were signifi-cantly higher than those in rural areas.The highest incidence was observed in the age group of 50～54 years old,while the highest mortality reached in the age group of 85 years old and above.From 2010 to 2020,the overall incidence of female breast cancer showed a slow upward trend(AAPC=2.09％,95％CI:0.62％～3.58％,P=0.010),while the mortality rate exhibited a signif-icant downward trend(AAPC=-3.49％,95％CI:-5.62％～-1.30％,P=0.005).[Conclusion]The incidence and mortality rates of female breast cancer in Henan Province are still at a high level,and corresponding preventive measures and control strategies are needed to effectively reduce the health hazards of breast cancer to women.

[Purpose]To analyze the incidence and mortality rates of female breast cancer in Henan Province in 2020 and the trends from 2010 to 2020.[Methods]Breast cancer incidence and mor-tality data stratified by urban and rural areas and age groups were collected from Henan Provincial tumor registry,and the province's household population statistics were used.The crude incidence/mortality rate,age-standardized incidence/mortality rate by Chinese standard population(ASIRC/ASMRC)and world standard population(ASIRW/ASMRW),cumulative rate(0～74 year old)were calculated.The annual percentage change(APC),average annual percentage change(AAPC)and 95％confidence interval(CI)were calculated using Joinpoint software to analyze the trends of the incidence and mortality from 2010 to 2020.[Results]In 2020,24 744 new cases and 4 989 deaths of female breast cancer were documented in Henan Province,with a crude incidence rate of 46.96/105,ASIRC of 38.43/105 and ASIRW of 35.71/105;a crude mortality rate of 9.47/105,ASMRC of 6.80/105 and ASMRW of 6.72/105,respectively.The above indicators in urban areas were signifi-cantly higher than those in rural areas.The highest incidence was observed in the age group of 50～54 years old,while the highest mortality reached in the age group of 85 years old and above.From 2010 to 2020,the overall incidence of female breast cancer showed a slow upward trend(AAPC=2.09％,95％CI:0.62％～3.58％,P=0.010),while the mortality rate exhibited a signif-icant downward trend(AAPC=-3.49％,95％CI:-5.62％～-1.30％,P=0.005).[Conclusion]The incidence and mortality rates of female breast cancer in Henan Province are still at a high level,and corresponding preventive measures and control strategies are needed to effectively reduce the health hazards of breast cancer to women.

Sodium valproate (VPA) is a widely used antiepileptic drug and mood stabilizer in both neurology and psychiatry. Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy (VHE) is a rare but serious complication associated with its use. This paper reports a clinical case of a patient with bipolar disorder who developed VHE after self-administering, a rapid short-term dose escalation of VPA. The patient exhibited symptoms including nausea, vomiting, altered consciousness, and disorientation shortly after the dosage increase. Following prompt discontinuation of VPA and symptomatic treatment including cathartic therapy to promote drug elimination, the patient gradually regained consciousness and physical symptoms resolved. Through a review of this case and relevant literature, this article discusses the pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of VHE, to provide clinical reference for healthcare professionals.