Objective To identify the main challenges in the current development of the"one hospital with multiple campuses"model in Chinese public hospitals and provide evidence for policy improvement.Methods A systematic search of literature published between 2014 and 2024 on the topic of"one hospital with multiple campuses"was conducted in the CNKI database.The severity of the problems(Pc)was comprehensively calculated through biblio-metric analysis,and the severity ranking of the problems was determined accordingly.Results Twenty-five issues were categorized into nine dimensions.Key problems included significant inter-campus disparities in medical quality hindering homogenization(Pc=1.000);outdated information systems causing data-sharing barriers(Pc=0.945);overly complex management systems increasing unified management difficulties(Pc=0.922);unclear functional posi-tioning of branch campuses and lack of integrated planning(Pc=0.772);and fragmented information systems cou-pled with workforce redundancy elevating cost-control challenges(Pc=0.772).Conclusion The development of the"one hospital with multiple campuses"model in Chinese public hospitals urgently requires unified quality control stan-dards,strengthened cross-campus quality supervision systems,integrated information platforms to eliminate data silos,optimized organizational structures,and discipline-specific layouts.These measures will establish a manage-ment system tailored to the multi-campus model,achieving a virtuous cycle of"structural optimization—pro-cess coordination—outcome homogenization".

Objective To identify the main challenges in the current development of the"one hospital with multiple campuses"model in Chinese public hospitals and provide evidence for policy improvement.Methods A systematic search of literature published between 2014 and 2024 on the topic of"one hospital with multiple campuses"was conducted in the CNKI database.The severity of the problems(Pc)was comprehensively calculated through biblio-metric analysis,and the severity ranking of the problems was determined accordingly.Results Twenty-five issues were categorized into nine dimensions.Key problems included significant inter-campus disparities in medical quality hindering homogenization(Pc=1.000);outdated information systems causing data-sharing barriers(Pc=0.945);overly complex management systems increasing unified management difficulties(Pc=0.922);unclear functional posi-tioning of branch campuses and lack of integrated planning(Pc=0.772);and fragmented information systems cou-pled with workforce redundancy elevating cost-control challenges(Pc=0.772).Conclusion The development of the"one hospital with multiple campuses"model in Chinese public hospitals urgently requires unified quality control stan-dards,strengthened cross-campus quality supervision systems,integrated information platforms to eliminate data silos,optimized organizational structures,and discipline-specific layouts.These measures will establish a manage-ment system tailored to the multi-campus model,achieving a virtuous cycle of"structural optimization—pro-cess coordination—outcome homogenization".