Wheat has been recognized as a prevalent food allergen，with the prevalence of wheat allergy demonstrating a progressive annual increase in recent years.Consequently，health complications associated with wheat allergy have garnered substantial scientific attention.Wheat proteins contain multiple complex allergenic molecules，among which specific allergenic protein components have been shown to play a pivotal role in eliciting allergic reactions to wheat.Specific immunoglobulin E（sIgE），serving as a critical biomarker，holds significant clinical utility in the diagnosis of wheat allergy，longitudinal disease monitoring，and prognostic evaluation of clinical outcomes.Studies indicate that elevated levels of sIgE correlate with the severity of the wheat allergy and lower thresholds in oral food provocation tests，thereby providing clinicians with objective parameters for risk stratification and reaction intensity prediction.Additionally，sIgE plays a pivotal role in monitoring oral immunotherapy and supports personalized management strategies for wheat allergy patients.This article reviews wheat allergens and the role of sIgE in the monitoring of wheat allergy，aiming to offer new ideas for further investigation and clinical practice in the field of wheat allergy.