Objective To retrieve,evaluate and summarize the best evidence for blood glucose monitoring and management in patients with diabetes of the exocrine pancreas(DEP),and to provide evidence-based basis for clinical practice.Methods According to the"6S"evidence model,relevant evidence on blood glucose management in patients with DEP was searched from computer decision support systems,guideline networks,professional association websites and databases from top to bottom,covering clinical decision-making,clinical practice guidelines,evidence summaries,systematic reviews,expert consensuses,and randomized controlled trials.The search scope was from the establishment of the databases to June 30,2024.Totally 2 researchers independently evaluated the quality of the included literature,and extracted data and summarized evidence that met the criteria.Results A total of 10 articles were included,including 3 guidelines,1 expert consensus,2 systematic reviews,l clinical decision,1 RCT,and 2 cohort studies.Finally,26 pieces of best evidence were formed from 5 aspects,including blood glucose management team construction and goals,blood glucose monitoring methods,glucose control medication management,lifestyle health education and treatment of hypoglycemia.Conclusion This study summarizes the best evidence for blood glucose monitoring and management in DEP patients,which can provide resource preparation for clinical translation and a basis for medical staff to carry out blood glucose management in DEP patients.

Objective To retrieve,evaluate and summarize the best evidence for blood glucose monitoring and management in patients with diabetes of the exocrine pancreas(DEP),and to provide evidence-based basis for clinical practice.Methods According to the"6S"evidence model,relevant evidence on blood glucose management in patients with DEP was searched from computer decision support systems,guideline networks,professional association websites and databases from top to bottom,covering clinical decision-making,clinical practice guidelines,evidence summaries,systematic reviews,expert consensuses,and randomized controlled trials.The search scope was from the establishment of the databases to June 30,2024.Totally 2 researchers independently evaluated the quality of the included literature,and extracted data and summarized evidence that met the criteria.Results A total of 10 articles were included,including 3 guidelines,1 expert consensus,2 systematic reviews,l clinical decision,1 RCT,and 2 cohort studies.Finally,26 pieces of best evidence were formed from 5 aspects,including blood glucose management team construction and goals,blood glucose monitoring methods,glucose control medication management,lifestyle health education and treatment of hypoglycemia.Conclusion This study summarizes the best evidence for blood glucose monitoring and management in DEP patients,which can provide resource preparation for clinical translation and a basis for medical staff to carry out blood glucose management in DEP patients.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in relieving discomfort symptoms after esophageal Lugol′s iodine staining.Methods:From April 1 to September 30, 2023, a total of 204 subjects who received endoscopy at the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University were enrolled. All the subjects were stained with 10 mL 1.5% compound iodine solution after endoscopy. According to random number table method, the 204 subjects were randomly divided into two groups which received 20 mL 0.9% sodium chloride solution (sodium chloride group, 103 cases) and 10% NAC (NAC group, 101 cases) to neutralize the iodine, respectively. The primary outcome indicators of the subjects of the two groups were analyzed, including the incidence of retrosternal burning sensation and pharyngeal discomfort 15 and 30 min after spraying the neutralization solution, and the degree of discomfort was evaluated by visual analogue scale (VAS). Fisher′s exact probability method and non-parametric test were used for statistical analysis.Results:The incidence of retrosternal burning sensation and pharyngeal discomfort 15 and 30 min after spraying the neutralization solution in the sodium chloride group were higher than those in the NAC group (15 min: 17.5% (18/103) vs. 2.0% (2/101), 10.7% (11/103) vs. 1.0% (1/101); 30 min: 11.7%(12/103) vs. 1.0% (1/101), and 5.8% (6/103) vs. 0 (0/101)), and the differences were statistically significant (Fisher′s exact probability method, P<0.001, =0.005, =0.003, and =0.029). There was no significant difference in the VAS score 15 min after spraying neutralization solution between the sodium chloride group and the NAC group (3.00 (3.00, 4.25) vs. 4.00 (3.00, 5.25), P>0.05). At 30 min after spraying the neutralization solution, the VAS score of the sodium chloride group was higher than that of the NAC group (4.00(3.75, 5.00) vs. 1.50(1.00, 1.50)), and the difference was statistically significant ( Z=-2.37, P=0.007). Conclusion:NAC can effectively relieve the discomfort caused by esophageal iodine staining.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in relieving discomfort symptoms after esophageal Lugol′s iodine staining.Methods:From April 1 to September 30, 2023, a total of 204 subjects who received endoscopy at the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University were enrolled. All the subjects were stained with 10 mL 1.5% compound iodine solution after endoscopy. According to random number table method, the 204 subjects were randomly divided into two groups which received 20 mL 0.9% sodium chloride solution (sodium chloride group, 103 cases) and 10% NAC (NAC group, 101 cases) to neutralize the iodine, respectively. The primary outcome indicators of the subjects of the two groups were analyzed, including the incidence of retrosternal burning sensation and pharyngeal discomfort 15 and 30 min after spraying the neutralization solution, and the degree of discomfort was evaluated by visual analogue scale (VAS). Fisher′s exact probability method and non-parametric test were used for statistical analysis.Results:The incidence of retrosternal burning sensation and pharyngeal discomfort 15 and 30 min after spraying the neutralization solution in the sodium chloride group were higher than those in the NAC group (15 min: 17.5% (18/103) vs. 2.0% (2/101), 10.7% (11/103) vs. 1.0% (1/101); 30 min: 11.7%(12/103) vs. 1.0% (1/101), and 5.8% (6/103) vs. 0 (0/101)), and the differences were statistically significant (Fisher′s exact probability method, P<0.001, =0.005, =0.003, and =0.029). There was no significant difference in the VAS score 15 min after spraying neutralization solution between the sodium chloride group and the NAC group (3.00 (3.00, 4.25) vs. 4.00 (3.00, 5.25), P>0.05). At 30 min after spraying the neutralization solution, the VAS score of the sodium chloride group was higher than that of the NAC group (4.00(3.75, 5.00) vs. 1.50(1.00, 1.50)), and the difference was statistically significant ( Z=-2.37, P=0.007). Conclusion:NAC can effectively relieve the discomfort caused by esophageal iodine staining.

Emerging evidence indicates that the gut microbiome contributes to the host immune response to infectious diseases. Here, to explore the role of the gut microbiome in the host immune responses in COVID-19, we conducted shotgun metagenomic sequencing and immune profiling of 14 severe/critical and 24 mild/moderate COVID-19 cases as well as 31 healthy control samples. We found that the diversity of the gut microbiome was reduced in severe/critical COVID-19 cases compared to mild/moderate ones. We identified the abundance of some gut microbes altered post-SARS-CoV-2 infection and related to disease severity, such as Enterococcus faecium, Coprococcus comes, Roseburia intestinalis, Akkermansia muciniphila, Bacteroides cellulosilyticus and Blautia obeum. We further analyzed the correlation between the abundance of gut microbes and host responses, and obtained a correlation map between clinical features of COVID-19 and 16 severity-related gut microbe, including Coprococcus comes that was positively correlated with CD3⁺/CD4⁺/CD8⁺ lymphocyte counts. In addition, an integrative analysis of gut microbiome and the transcriptome of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) showed that genes related to viral transcription and apoptosis were up-regulated in Coprococcus comes low samples. Moreover, a number of metabolic pathways in gut microbes were also found to be differentially enriched in severe/critical or mild/moderate COVID-19 cases, including the superpathways of polyamine biosynthesis II and sulfur oxidation that were suppressed in severe/critical COVID-19. Together, our study highlighted a potential regulatory role of severity related gut microbes in the immune response of host.
COVID-19 ; Clostridiales ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Humans ; Immunity ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; SARS-CoV-2

Objective To observe the change of immunologic function in children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MMP).Methods Totally 114 children diagnosed with MPP were selected as experimental group,and MPIgM were positively detected in the course of 7 to 10 days,and the blood samples were collected.At the same time,50 healthy children in health clinic were selected as control group,and peripheral blood samples were collected.The levels of T cell subsets (CD3,CD4,CD8,CD4/CD8,NK) and humoral immunity (IgG,IgA,IgM,C3,C4) in peripheral blood samples were detected respectively.Results The serum CD3,CD4,CD4/CD8 ratio and NK value in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05),and IgA,C3 and C4 were significantly lower than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05),but there was no significant difference in IgG and IgM values (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Mycoplasma pneu moniae (MP) infection can cause immune dysfunction,inhibit cellular immunity and humoral immunity.

Objective To observe the change of immunologic function in children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MMP).Methods Totally 114 children diagnosed with MPP were selected as experimental group,and MPIgM were positively detected in the course of 7 to 10 days,and the blood samples were collected.At the same time,50 healthy children in health clinic were selected as control group,and peripheral blood samples were collected.The levels of T cell subsets (CD3,CD4,CD8,CD4/CD8,NK) and humoral immunity (IgG,IgA,IgM,C3,C4) in peripheral blood samples were detected respectively.Results The serum CD3,CD4,CD4/CD8 ratio and NK value in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05),and IgA,C3 and C4 were significantly lower than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05),but there was no significant difference in IgG and IgM values (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Mycoplasma pneu moniae (MP) infection can cause immune dysfunction,inhibit cellular immunity and humoral immunity.