ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Scutellariae Radix combined with epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors （EGFR-TKIs） on cell proliferation， apoptosis， cancer stem cell （CSC） marker expression， and metabolism in non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC） cells. MethodsThe anti-tumor effects of Scutellariae Radix and EGFR-TKIs （gefitinib or osimertinib） in NSCLC cells were evaluated using the cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） and Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide （PI） double staining apoptosis assay. The activity of Scutellariae Radix and EGFR-TKIs in three-dimensional （3D） cultures of NSCLC cells was assessed using the CellTiter-Glo® 3D cell viability assay. The mRNA and protein expression levels of CSC markers， sex determining region y box protein 2 （SOX2） and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1 （ALDH1A1）， were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot， respectively. Changes in intracellular reactive oxygen species （ROS） levels were detected by ROS staining， and the redox ratio was detected by femtosecond laser labeling free imaging （FLI）. ResultsUnder both two-dimensional （2D） and 3D culture conditions， compared with the blank group and EGFR-TKI group， the combination group showed significantly reduced cell viability and increased apoptosis rate （P<0.05）. Compared with the EGFR-TKI group， the mRNA and protein levels of CSC markers were significantly downregulated in the combination group （P<0.05）. Additionally， the redox ratio was significantly elevated （P<0.05）， and ROS levels were also increased in the combination group compared with the EGFR-TKI group. ConclusionIn NSCLC cells， Scutellariae Radix enhances the redox ratio and increases ROS levels， thereby inhibiting the expression of CSC markers and strengthening the anti-tumor effects of EGFR-TKIs. This provides a novel molecular mechanism by which Scutellariae Radix may enhance the sensitivity of targeted therapies.

Objective To compare the different intervention effect of aerobic exercise or complex poly-saccharide supplement on gut microbiota(GM),GM-related metabolic pathway genes,as well as fat and weight losing of obese rats induced by high-fat diet. Methods Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group,an obesity control(OC) group,an aerobic exercise (AE) group and a complex polysaccharide intervention(CPI) group,each of 8. The AE group was giv-en moderate intensity treadmill aerobic training for 6 weeks,while the CPI group underwent plant poly-saccharide gavage for the same period of time. Morphological indicators were measured and recorded,serum regulators of lipid metabolism were collected,and feces were collected for metagenomic sequenc-ing and analysis. Results(1) Before the intervention,the body weight of group OC was significantly higher than the control group(P<0.01). However,after 6-week aerobic exercise,the body weight and Lee's index of group OC reduced significantly(P<0.05). (2) The concentrations of peroxisome prolifera-tor-activated receptor γ(PPAR-γ) and leptin(LEP) in serum of the OC group were significantly high-er than the control group(P<0.001),but that of lipoprotein lipase(LPL) was significantly lower than the control group(P<0.001). The serum concentrations of PPAR-γ in group AE were significantly low-er than group OC(P<0.01),while those of PPAR-γ and LEP in group CPI were significantly lower than group OC(P<0.001). (3) The abundance of Akkermansia mucinphila,Alistipes finegoldii,Bacteroides ovatus and Gram-negative bacterium cL10-2b-4 in group OC was significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05),with that of Prevotella copri in group AE significantly higher than group OC and that of Helicobacter rodentium significantly lower than the latter(P<0.05). Moreover,the abundance of Bifido-bacterium animalis in group CPI was significantly higher than group OC,while that of Alistipes shahii was significantly lower than the latter(P<0.05). (4) Compared with the control group,the obese group was significantly enriched in Vibrio cholerae pathogenic cycle,Staphylococcus aureus infection and vari-ous types of N-glycan biosynthesis related genes. Moreover,the abundance of salmonella infection and N-glycan biosynthesis-related genes in group AE was significantly lower than group OC(P<0.05),and that of Vibrio cholerae disease-cycle related genes in group CPI was significantly lower than group OC (P<0.05). Conclusion The imbalance in the gut microbiota structure,and the abnormal expression of related metabolic pathway genes both play important roles in the phenotype changes of high-fat diet in-duced rats,which can be effectively relieved by aerobic exercise and complex polysaccharide gavage. However,there are obvious differences in the effects and possible mechanisms between the above two intervention methods.

Objective To compare the different intervention effect of aerobic exercise or complex poly-saccharide supplement on gut microbiota(GM),GM-related metabolic pathway genes,as well as fat and weight losing of obese rats induced by high-fat diet. Methods Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group,an obesity control(OC) group,an aerobic exercise (AE) group and a complex polysaccharide intervention(CPI) group,each of 8. The AE group was giv-en moderate intensity treadmill aerobic training for 6 weeks,while the CPI group underwent plant poly-saccharide gavage for the same period of time. Morphological indicators were measured and recorded,serum regulators of lipid metabolism were collected,and feces were collected for metagenomic sequenc-ing and analysis. Results(1) Before the intervention,the body weight of group OC was significantly higher than the control group(P<0.01). However,after 6-week aerobic exercise,the body weight and Lee's index of group OC reduced significantly(P<0.05). (2) The concentrations of peroxisome prolifera-tor-activated receptor γ(PPAR-γ) and leptin(LEP) in serum of the OC group were significantly high-er than the control group(P<0.001),but that of lipoprotein lipase(LPL) was significantly lower than the control group(P<0.001). The serum concentrations of PPAR-γ in group AE were significantly low-er than group OC(P<0.01),while those of PPAR-γ and LEP in group CPI were significantly lower than group OC(P<0.001). (3) The abundance of Akkermansia mucinphila,Alistipes finegoldii,Bacteroides ovatus and Gram-negative bacterium cL10-2b-4 in group OC was significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05),with that of Prevotella copri in group AE significantly higher than group OC and that of Helicobacter rodentium significantly lower than the latter(P<0.05). Moreover,the abundance of Bifido-bacterium animalis in group CPI was significantly higher than group OC,while that of Alistipes shahii was significantly lower than the latter(P<0.05). (4) Compared with the control group,the obese group was significantly enriched in Vibrio cholerae pathogenic cycle,Staphylococcus aureus infection and vari-ous types of N-glycan biosynthesis related genes. Moreover,the abundance of salmonella infection and N-glycan biosynthesis-related genes in group AE was significantly lower than group OC(P<0.05),and that of Vibrio cholerae disease-cycle related genes in group CPI was significantly lower than group OC (P<0.05). Conclusion The imbalance in the gut microbiota structure,and the abnormal expression of related metabolic pathway genes both play important roles in the phenotype changes of high-fat diet in-duced rats,which can be effectively relieved by aerobic exercise and complex polysaccharide gavage. However,there are obvious differences in the effects and possible mechanisms between the above two intervention methods.

Objective To improve differential diagnosis of tumefactive demyelinating lesions (TDL) and primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) by analyzing the clinicopathological features of the diseases.Methods The clinical features,neuroimaging findings and pathological characteristics of 4 patients with pathologically proven TDL and 9 patients with pathologically proven PCNSL were retrospectively analyzed.Computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were used for neuroimaging studies.The hematoxylin and eosin staining,Luxol Fast Blue staining and immunohistochemistry were used for pathological studies.Results (1) The features of lesions on brain imaging scan:CT in TDL patients showed low density.Enhanced MRI demonstrations were different in different courses:3 cases with ring enhancement,1 case with spotty strengthen;5 PCNSL cases showed hyperdensity in CT,1 case showed isodensity,and 3 cases low-density.MRI showed enhancement of uniform enhancement in PCNSL patients.(2) The features of lesions on pathology:the plaques of lesions in TDL patients were characterized by massive demyelination with relatively axonal preservation associated with prominent astrocytosis and profound infiltrates composed.Typical pathological features in PCNSL cases were that tumor cells around blood vessels showed the cuff-like arrangement.Due to use of hormones and other causes,pathological demonstrations of a part of PCNSL cases were atypical,which were easily confused with TDL.There were 4 cases with more than one biopsy for diagnosis.Conclusions (1) PCNSL with low or equal density in CT needs to be differentiated with TDL.(2) The pathological features of some cases of PCNSL after hormone therapy were similar to TDL.It is better not to use hormone before definite diagnosis.(3) The pathology of PCNSL may be related to the progression of the disease.Some of patients need to be re-biopsied.It is important to combine clinical imaging and pathology for diagnosis of the disease,and attention should be paid to followup.