ObjectiveTo establish a high-performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） for the quantitative analysis of multiple components in Gegen Qinlian tablets， and to comprehensively evaluate the quality of samples from different manufacturers by integrating chemical pattern recognition and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution（TOPSIS）， in order to provide a reference basis for quality evaluation and control of Gegen Qinlian tablets. MethodsHPLC was employed to determine the contents of 10 components in 28 batches of Gegen Qinlian tablets collected from 6 manufacturers， and taking the detection results as variables， SIMCA 14.1 and SPSS 26.0 were employed for cluster analysis（CA）， principal component analysis（PCA）， and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） to identify key components affecting the quality. Then， TOPSIS analysis was employed to rank the quality of Gegen Qinlian tablets from the 6 manufacturers and establish a comprehensive quality evaluation method. ResultsA quantitative method for Gegen Qinlian tablets was established. After methodological validation， the method was found to be stable and reliable， and could be used for the quantitative analysis of this preparation. The contents of 3′-hydroxy puerarin， puerarin， 3′-methoxy puerarin， daidzein， coptisine hydrochloride， epiberberine， jatrorrhizine hydrochloride， berberine hydrochloride， palmatine hydrochloride and baicalin in 28 batches of samples were 3.58-7.35， 24.88-42.32， 4.20-9.36， 4.33-7.60， 2.52-6.44， 0.93-4.10， 0.58-3.05， 10.68-22.92， 0.82-4.82， 11.73-60.16 mg·g^-1， respectively. Among them， puerarin， berberine hydrochloride and baicalin all met the limit requirements for this preparation specified in the 2025 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. CA and PCA clustered the 28 batches of samples into 5 categories， PCA extracted 2 principal components with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 90.588%， and OPLS-DA screened out 4 differential markers with variable importance in the projection（VIP） values>1.0， namely baicalin， 3′-hydroxy puerarin， coptisine hydrochloride and palmatine hydrochloride， which might be the main components affecting the quality of Gegen Qinlian tablets. TOPSIS analysis showed that the comprehensive score of each evaluation index（C_i） values of different manufacturers were different. Among them， the C_i of manufacturer B was ranked higher， indicating potentially superior quality， while the C_i of manufacturer A was ranked lower， suggesting potentially inferior quality. ConclusionThis study establishes a quantitative method for Gegen Qinlian tablets， and the content uniformity of the same manufacturer is good， while there are differences in the contents of active components among different manufacturers. Through the chemical pattern recognition analysis， it is found that the content differences of Gegen Qinlian tablets may be related to baicalin， 3′-hydroxy puerarin， coptisine hydrochloride and palmatine hydrochloride.

This consensus will introduce the characteristics of fillers used in the surgical cavities of domestic nasal surgery patients based on relevant literature and expert opinions. It will also provide recommendations for the selection of cavity fillers for different nasal diseases, with chronic sinusitis as a representative example.
Humans ; Nasal Cavity/surgery* ; Nasal Surgical Procedures ; China ; Consensus ; Sinusitis/surgery* ; Dermal Fillers

Noise-induced hearing loss is a worldwide public health issue that is characterized by temporary or permanent changes in hearing sensitivity. This condition is closely linked to inflammatory responses, and interventions targeting the inflammatory gene tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) are known to mitigate cochlear noise damage. TNFα-induced proteins (TNFAIPs) are a family of translucent acidic proteins, and TNFAIP6 has a notable association with inflammatory responses. To date, there have been few reports on TNFAIP6 levels in the inner ear. To elucidate the precise mechanism, we generated transgenic mouse models with conditional knockout of Tnfaip6 (Tnfaip6 cKO). Evaluation of hair cell morphology and function revealed no significant differences in hair cell numbers or ribbon synapses between Tnfaip6 cKO and wild-type mice. Moreover, there were no notable variations in hair cell numbers or hearing function in noisy environments. Our results indicate that Tnfaip6 does not have a substantial impact on the auditory system.
Animals ; Mice, Knockout ; Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner/pathology* ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem/physiology*

Objective:To construct a risk prediction model for Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade 2 or Worse(VaIN 2+)lesions,and to establish a nomogram for individual diagnosis of VaIN 2+and risk stratification,so as to provide guidance for the treatment of vaginal lesions.Methods:A total of 248 women diagnosed with VaIN through colposcopic biopsy at the Center for Gynecologic and Cervical Diseases,First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,from January 2021 to January 2024 were included in this study.Based on the gold standard established by histological and pathological findings,these patients were categorized into a lower VaIN 2 group and a VaIN 2+group.Univariate comparative analysis was performed on the two groups.Multivariate Logis-tic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors of VaIN 2+and to construct a diagnostic model.The nomogram model was established by using R Studio software.The discrimination,calibration and clinical practical value of the model were evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and cali-bration curve.Results:Univariate analysis identified that HPV type,cervical lesion grade,acetowhite change,vagi-nal lesion duration,vaginal lesion location,and cervical lesion duration as influencing factors for diagnosing VaIN 2+(P<0.1).Multivariate binary Logistic regression analysis indicated that HPV16/18 positivity,cervical lesion grade≥CIN 2,thick acetowhite change,vaginal lesion duration≥5 years,and vaginal lesion location at the upper 1/3 of the vagina were independent risk factors for diagnosing VaIN 2+(OR>1,P<0.05),while cervical lesion duration<3 years was a protective factor(OR<1,P<0.05),with acetowhite change having the greatest impact(OR4.54).A regression model was established based on the multivariate binary Logistic regression analysis,with an AUC of 0.813.A nomogram model was constructed and internally validated,yielding a consistency index(C-index)of 0.81.Patients were stratified into risk groups using the X-tile software,with higher total scores indi-cating a greater risk of developing VaIN 2+.Conclusions:The nomogram model constructed in this study can in-dividually predict the risk of VaIN 2+lesions in patients,with high accuracy and clinical practicability.

Objective:To construct a risk prediction model for Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade 2 or Worse(VaIN 2+)lesions,and to establish a nomogram for individual diagnosis of VaIN 2+and risk stratification,so as to provide guidance for the treatment of vaginal lesions.Methods:A total of 248 women diagnosed with VaIN through colposcopic biopsy at the Center for Gynecologic and Cervical Diseases,First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,from January 2021 to January 2024 were included in this study.Based on the gold standard established by histological and pathological findings,these patients were categorized into a lower VaIN 2 group and a VaIN 2+group.Univariate comparative analysis was performed on the two groups.Multivariate Logis-tic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors of VaIN 2+and to construct a diagnostic model.The nomogram model was established by using R Studio software.The discrimination,calibration and clinical practical value of the model were evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and cali-bration curve.Results:Univariate analysis identified that HPV type,cervical lesion grade,acetowhite change,vagi-nal lesion duration,vaginal lesion location,and cervical lesion duration as influencing factors for diagnosing VaIN 2+(P<0.1).Multivariate binary Logistic regression analysis indicated that HPV16/18 positivity,cervical lesion grade≥CIN 2,thick acetowhite change,vaginal lesion duration≥5 years,and vaginal lesion location at the upper 1/3 of the vagina were independent risk factors for diagnosing VaIN 2+(OR>1,P<0.05),while cervical lesion duration<3 years was a protective factor(OR<1,P<0.05),with acetowhite change having the greatest impact(OR4.54).A regression model was established based on the multivariate binary Logistic regression analysis,with an AUC of 0.813.A nomogram model was constructed and internally validated,yielding a consistency index(C-index)of 0.81.Patients were stratified into risk groups using the X-tile software,with higher total scores indi-cating a greater risk of developing VaIN 2+.Conclusions:The nomogram model constructed in this study can in-dividually predict the risk of VaIN 2+lesions in patients,with high accuracy and clinical practicability.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the physicochemical characteristics and biocompatibility of calcium peroxide (CPO)-loaded polycaprolactone (PCL) microparticle. METHODS: The CPO/PCL particles were prepared. The morphology and elemental distribution of CPO, PCL and CPO/PCL particles were observed with scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy, respectively. Rat adipose mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and treated with different concentrations (0.10%, 0.25%, 0.50%, 1.00%) of CPO or CPO/PCL particles. The mesenchymal stem cells were cultured in normal media or osteogenic differentiation media under the hypoxia/normoxia conditions, and the amount of released O₂ and H₂O₂ after CPO/PCL treatment were detected. The gene expressions of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Runt-associated transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osteopontin (OPN) and osteocalcin (OCN) were detected by realtime RT-PCR. SD rats were subcutaneously injected with 1.00% CPO/PCL particles and the pathological changes and infiltration of immune cells were observed with HE staining and immunohistochemistry at day 7 and day 14 after injection. RESULTS: Scanning electron microscope showed that CPO particles had a polygonal structure, PCL particles were in a small spherical plastic particle state, and CPO/PCL particles had a block-like crystal structure. Energy dispersive spectroscopy revealed that PCL particles showed no calcium mapping, while CPO/PCL particles showed obvious and uniform calcium mapping. The concentrations of O₂ and H₂O₂ released by CPO/PCL particles were lower than those of CPO group, and the oxygen release time was longer. The expressions of Alp, Runx2, Ocn and Opn increased with the higher content of CPO/PCL particles under hypoxia in osteogenic differentiation culture and normal culture, and the induction was more obvious under osteogenic differentiation conditions (all P<0.05). HE staining results showed that the muscle tissue fibers around the injection site were scattered and disorderly distributed, with varying sizes and thicknesses at day 7 after particle injection. Significant vascular congestion, widened gaps, mild interstitial congestion, local edema, inflammatory cell infiltration, and large area vacuolization were observed in some tissues of rats. At day 14 after microparticle injection, the muscle tissue around the injection site and the tissue fibers at the microparticle implantation site were arranged neatly, and the gap size was not thickened, the vascular congestion, local inflammatory cell infiltration, and vacuolization were significantly improved compared with those at day 7. The immunohistochemical staining results showed that the expressions of CD3 and CD68 positive cells significantly increased in the surrounding muscle tissue, and were densely distributed in a large area at day 7 after particle injection. At day 14 of microparticle injection, the numbers of CD3 and CD68 positive cells in peripheral muscle tissue and tissue at the site of particle implantation were lower than those at day 7 (all P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS CPO/PCL particles have good oxygen release activity, low damage to tissue, and excellent biocompatibility.
Rats ; Animals ; Osteogenesis ; Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Hydrogen Peroxide/pharmacology* ; Cell Differentiation ; Oxygen ; Hypoxia ; Cells, Cultured

OBJECTIVE: To study the risk factors and interaction of nasal septal perforation (NSP) in rats. METHOD: Animals (n=120) that underwent unilateral nasal obstruction using Merocel nasal packing or gelfoam with/without standard staphylococcus aureus inoculation were observed for the formation of NSP at 2, 3, 5, and 7 days after operation by endoscope system. Following sacrifice at 7 days, the obtained nasal secretions were prepared for bacterial culture. Experimental interventions were compared with normal controls (n=10). RESULT: Perforation of nasal septum was observed in 80% of the animals accepted nasal obstruction using Merocel nasal packing with standard staphylococcus aureus inoculation in 3 days (P < 0.01), while in 70% of those using abacterial Merocel nasal packing in 5 days (P < 0.05) and no significant difference than that of before (P > 0.05). There was a weak region in anteroinferior nasal septum in rats, which the almost NSPs located in. The position of NSP does not overlap Merocel. CONCLUSION The interaction of risk factors contributes to NSP. The occurrence of NSP mainly depends on the construction of nasal septum, while dysaemia is also necessary. Obstruction of nasal drainage and infection promote the development of NSP.
Animals ; Causality ; Disease Models, Animal ; Male ; Nasal Obstruction ; microbiology ; pathology ; Nasal Septal Perforation ; etiology ; Nasal Septum ; anatomy & histology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Risk Factors ; Staphylococcal Infections ; pathology