Objective To investigate the clinical prognostic value of the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) undergoing partial nephrectomy.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of RCC patients who underwent partial nephrectomy at our hospital during 2020 and 2024.The optimal cutoff value of PNI was determined based on the maximum Youden index from the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.The clinicopathological characteristics, overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) between patients with different PNI levels were compared.Cox regression analysis was used to explore the independent prognostic factors for RCC patients. Results Based on the ROC curve, the optimal cutoff value corresponding to the maximum Youden index was calculated to be 46.675, at which point the sensitivity was 65.3% and the specificity was 62.2%.Of the 815 patients included in the study, 293 (36.0%) patients had a PNI＜46.675.Cox regression analysis confirmed that preoperative PNI, tumor diameter, ISUP classification, and ECOG score were independent risk factors for postoperative OS in patients with RCC who underwent PN (P＜0.05).In addition, preoperative PNI, tumor diameter, ISUP classification and ECOG score were independent risk factors for postoperative PFS (P＜0.05).After covariates in the multivariable Cox regression model were adjusted, patients in the low PNI group demonstrated significantly shorter overall survival (HR=2.392, P＜0.001) and significantly poorer progression-free survival (HR=2.076, P＜0.001) compared to those in the high PNI group.Conclusion Preoperative PNI has significant clinical value in evaluating the prognosis of RCC patients undergoing partial nephrectomy.An elevated preoperative PNI is associated with a better prognosis.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical features of tumor-induced acute pancreatitis （TIAP）， to construct and validate a predictive model for TIAP， and to provide help for early identification in clinical practice. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 3 051 patients with acute pancreatitis （AP） who were admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2020 to January 2026， among whom there were 72 patients with TIAP. To reduce class imbalance， 216 patients with non-tumor-related AP （2 979 patients） were randomly selected as conventional group using sex-stratified sampling， resulting in a cohort of 288 patients， and this cohort was randomly divided into a training set with 201 patients and a test set with 87 patients at a ratio of 7∶3. The two groups were compared in terms of general information and laboratory markers. The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups， and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups； the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. Recursive feature elimination and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression were used for screening of characteristic variables， and five machine learning models were constructed， i.e.， logistic regression model， random forest model， support vector machine model， extreme gradient boosting model， and light gradient boosting machine model. The receiver operating characteristic curve and the precision-recall curve were used to assess model performance； the calibration curve was used to assess goodness of fit； decision curve analysis was used to evaluate clinical applicability and practicality； Shapley additive explanations were used to assess model interpretability. ResultsIn the training set of 201 patients， there were 52 patients （25.9%） in the TIAP group， and in the test set of 87 patients， there were 20 patients （23.0%） in the TIAP group. Compared with the conventional group， the TIAP group had a significantly higher proportion of patients with pancreatic duct dilatation （χ²=79.474， P<0.05）， a significantly higher age （Z=-5.838， P<0.05）， and significantly lower levels of white blood cell count （Z=5.630， P<0.05）， amylase （Z=2.606， P<0.05）， hemoglobin （Z=5.038， P<0.05）， and neutrophil percentage （Z=5.269， P<0.05）， as well as a lower level of direct bilirubin （Z=0.936， P>0.05）. The five machine learning models constructed based on these seven variables had a certain predictive ability， among which the logistic regression model had the best performance in the test set， with an area under the curve of 0.893 （95% confidence interval： 0.821 — 0.953）， an average precision of 0.654 in the precision-recall curve， good calibration， and good clinical benefits based on the decision curve analysis. ConclusionThe predictive model for TIAP based on pancreatic duct dilatation， age， white blood cell count， amylase， hemoglobin， neutrophil percentage， and direct bilirubin shows good predictive performance and can provide important guidance for the early diagnosis of TIAP.

The Huangdi Neijing proposes the " using bitter herbs to nourish or purge" theory to guide clinical prescription and formulation of herbal remedies based on the physiological characteristics and functions of the five zang viscera, along with the properties and flavors of medicinal herbs. This study explored diabetic kidney disease pathogenesis and treatment based on the " using bitter herbs to nourish or purge" theory. Kidney dryness is a key pathological factor in diabetic kidney disease, and the disharmony of kidney dryness is an essential aspect of its pathogenesis. Strengthening is the primary therapeutic principle, and kidney dryness is a persistent factor throughout the occurrence and progression of diabetic kidney disease. In the early stage, the pathogenesis involves heat-consuming qi and injuring yin, leading to kidney dryness. In the middle stage, the pathogenesis manifests as qi deficiency and blood stasis in the collaterals, resulting in turbidity owing to kidney dryness. In the late stage, the pathogenesis involves yin and yang deficiency, with kidney dryness and disharmony. This study proposes the staging-based treatment based on the " need for firmness" characteristic of the kidney. The aim is to provide new insights for clinical diagnosis and treatment in traditional Chinese medicine by rationally using pungent, bitter, and salty medicinal herbs to nourish and moisturize the kidney. This approach seeks to promote precise syndrome differentiation and personalized treatment for different stages of diabetic kidney disease, thereby enhancing clinical efficacy.

ObjectiveTo study the effects of applying different microbial fertilizers on the growth and rhizosphere soil environment of Codonopsis pilosula and provide a theoretical basis for ecological cultivation of this medicinal plant. MethodsSeven groups were designed， including CK （no application of microbial fertilizer）， T1 （Trichoderma longibrachiatum fertilizer）， T2 （Bacillus subtilis fertilizer）， T3 （Trichoderma viride fertilizer）， T4 （compound microbial fertilizer）， T5 （C. pilosula stems and leaves fermented with compound microbial fertilizer）， and T6 （Scutellaria baicalensis stems and leaves fermented with T. viride fertilizer）. The physiological indicators， yield， and quality of C. pilosula and the physicochemical properties， enzyme activities， and microbial diversity in the rhizosphere soil of different fertilizer treatments were measured. ResultsGroup T1 showed slight decreases in soluble protein content （SPC） and superoxide dismutase （SOD）. Groups T2-T6 showed increases in physiological indicators such as proline （Pro）， soluble solids content （SSC）， SPC， catalase （CAT）， and peroxidase （POD） and a decrease in malondialdehyde （MDA） in C. pilosula leaves. All the fertilizer treatments increased the yield of C. pilosula and the total polysaccharide content in the roots. T1， T2， T3， T4， and T5 increased the total flavonoid content in the roots. Meanwhile， T4 increased the total saponin content in the roots. All the fertilizer treatments reduced the pH and increased the electric conductivity （EC）， soil organic matter （SOM）， and alkaline nitrogen （AN） in the soil. T2 and T5 increased the available phosphorus （AP）， and T3， T4， T5， and T6 increased the available potassium （AK） in the soil. All the fertilizer treatments increased the activities of urease， sucrase， and CAT in the soil. Except that T1 decreased the bacterial diversity in the soil， other fertilizer treatments significantly increased bacterial and fungal diversity in the soil. Different fertilizer treatments significantly affected the composition of bacterial and fungal communities in the soil. At the phylum level， the dominant bacterial phyla included Proteobacteria， Acidobacteriota， and Bacteroideta， and the dominant fungal phyla were Ascomycota， Mortierellomycota， and unclassified_fungi in the rhizosphere soil of C. pilosula after bacterial fertilizer treatment. At the genus level， unclassified Gemmatimonadaceae， Sphingomonas， and unclassified Vicinamibacteraceae were the dominant bacterial genera， while unidentified， unclassified Fungi， and unclassified Sordariomycetes were the dominant fungal genera in the rhizosphere soil. The results of redundancy analysis indicated that the main physicochemical factors affecting changes of microbial communities in the rhizosphere soil of C. pilosula were pH， EC， AK， AN， AP， and soil organic matter （SOM） in the soil. The correlation heatmap showed that Bryobacter had significantly positive correlations with EC， AK， and AN. There was a significantly negative correlation between Fusarium and SOM. In summary， applying an appropriate amount of microbial fertilizer can promote the growth and improve the rhizosphere soil environment of C. pilosula. ConclusionThe compound microbial fertilizer and the C. pilosula stems and leaves fermented with compound microbial fertilizer can improve the soil nutrients， growth， development， yield， and quality of C. pilosula， and thus they can be applied to the artificial cultivation of C. pilosula.

This paper Summarizes the experience of national renowned Chinese medical practitioner professor YANG Jun in treating lumbar pain with acupuncture and moxibustion.In the view of professor YANG Jun,the etiology of lumbar pain is various and the pathogensis is complex,of which mainly related to be invaded by external pathogen,meridians obstructing blockage,kidney deficiency due to elderly,less of moistening due to kidney essence deficiency,sprain caused by fall and strike,and blood stasis obstructing meridians,and the syndrome differentiation of lumbar pain usually involves cold-damp obstructing blockage,kidney essence deficiency,and blood stasis blocking collaterals.The waist is the residence of kidney,kidney meridian runs through the spine and connecting it to the kidney,the bladder meridian locates on both sides of the spine and connecting it to the kidney,the circulation of governor vessel(GV)to the kidney,so the pathogensis of lumbar pain is closely related to kidney,bladder meridian,governor vessel.The basic pathogensis of lumbar pain is meridian qiand blood stasis stagnation,or the meridian less of moistening due to kidney essence deficiency,both of which cause pain.The main therapeutic principle for lumbar pain should be focusing on mind-regulating and meridians-dredging,cold-dispersing and damp-removing,kidney-boosting and blood-activating,as well as collateral-unblocking and pain-relieving,combining the lumbosacral spinal tri-needling,regulating the bladder meridian with moxibustion and electro-acupuncture,thus to achieve the optimal quantitative and effective state.

This paper introduces Professor Zhang Qingping's clinical experience in treating post-stroke spastic paralysis.In the view of Professor Zhang Qingping,the main pathogenesis of post-stroke spastic paralysis being deficiency of yang qiand malnutrition of meridian-sinew,such diseases can be treated from the perspective of sinew theory.Professor Zhang addressed importance to acupoints selection of yin meridians and therapeutic sequence,and skilled in applying superficial-skin needling and multi-direction needling,she also emphasizes on seizing the opportunity to treat disease and regulating body and mind simultaneously,and obtained certain clinical effects in the treatment of post-stroke spastic paralysis.

This article systematically summarizes the clinical experience of Professor Yang Jun,a nationally renowned traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)physician,in applying refined direct moxibustion(applying a moxibustion pen made by Chinese medical extract)to treat functional dyspepsia(FD)of the stuffiness-fullness type.Based on decades of clinical practice,Professor Yang innovatively established a moxibustion therapy system for FD,which centers on TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment.The system emphasizes the refined identification of epigastric stuffiness and fullness syndrome,particularly focusing on the relative significance of abdominal distension and poor appetite.Its therapeutic features lie in establishing the principle of"prioritizing mind regulation while holistically harmonizing body and spirit",combined with personalized moxibustion dosage control and a unique refined direct moxibustion technique.By optimizing the configuration of each step in moxibustion therapy,the system maximizes therapeutic efficacy,providing novel theoretical foundations and clinical strategies for moxibustion treatment of stuffiness-fullness type of FD.

This article introduces Professor Yang Jun's clinical experience in treating bronchial asthma using warming needle moxibustion via the governor vessel-unblocking and conception vessel-regulating method.Professor Yang posits that asthma pathogenesis-whether triggered by internal imbalances or external pathogens-ultimately stems from yin-yang disharmony leading to rebellious lung qi and impaired diffusion/descending functions.Thus,restoring dynamic yin-yang balance constitutes the core therapeutic principle.As the governor and conception vessels govern the body's yin-yang regulation,Professor Yang's decades of clinical practice substantiate that"harmonizing these vessels determines life's vitality".His protocol combines warming needle moxibustion with press needles to activate governor-conception vessel functions,achieving five therapeutic effects:(1)yin-yang harmonization,(2)qi movement regulation,(3)meridian unblocking,(4)visceral stabilization,and(5)pathogen elimination,demonstrating remarkable efficacy.

The paper summarizes Professor YANG Jun's thoughts on clinical treatment with acupuncture and moxibustion. Professor YANG Jun puts forward the "refined mode for diagnosis and treatment of diseases with acupuncture and moxibustion", aiming to improve the capacity of diagnosis and treatment in clinical practice. He advocates that the diagnosis and treatment should be guided by the identification of etiologies, syndromes and meridians; in accordance with regulating the shape/form, balancing yin and yang, and harmonizing the mind; and by means of skillful techniques of acupuncture and moxibustion, simplified selection of acupoints and delicate manipulations. Besides, he stresses on the combination of multiple techniques of acupuncture (such as penetrating technique with long needle, stuck needling by lifting and pulling, and micro-acupuncture systems) with moxibustion techniques (moxibustion for resolving stasis and unblocking collaterals, pressing moxibustion, borneol moxibustion, moxibustion with medicinal plaster) in clinical practice, so as to enhance the therapeutic effects.
Moxibustion/methods* ; Acupuncture Therapy/methods* ; Humans ; China ; Acupuncture Points