OBJECTIVE To investigate the ameliorative effects and mechanism of Sanwei ganlu on hepatic fibrosis in rats. METHODS The rats were randomly divided into normal group， model group， silibinin group （positive control， 50 mg/kg）， and Sanwei ganlu low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups （80， 250， 800 mg/kg）. Except for normal group， hepatic fibrosis rat models were established by intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 in the other groups of rats. Starting from the 6th week of modeling administration， they were given normal saline or corresponding drugs intragastrically at the same time. At the end of the ninth-week experiment， liver and spleen indexes of rats were calculated； the pathological structure and fibrosis changes of liver tissue were observed by HE， Masson and Sirus Red staining. The contents of alanine transaminase （ALT）， aspartate transaminase （AST）， procollagen type Ⅲ （PC Ⅲ）， collagen type Ⅳ （COL-Ⅳ）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and IL-1β in serum， and hyaluronic acid （HA） and laminin （LN） in liver tissue were all detected. RESULTS Compared with the model group， the liver injury and collagen fiber deposition of rats were improved to different extents in Sanwei ganlu groups and silibinin group； the contents of ALT， AST， PC Ⅲ， COL-Ⅳ， IL-6， TNF-α and IL-1β in serum as well as the contents of HA and LN in liver tissue significantly decreased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS Sanwei ganlu can alleviate the progression of hepatic fibrosis in rats， possibly by inhibiting the synthesis of collagen fiber， reducing transaminase content， down-regulating the levels of HA， LN， PC Ⅲ and COL-Ⅳ， and reducing the inflammatory response.

Objective To investigate the influence of rutin on neuroinflammation in rats with hydraulic shock brain injury by regulating thioredoxin-interacting protein(TXNIP)/NOD-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)signaling pathway.Methods Rats were randomly separated into model group and sham operation group;the rats in the model group were established by hydraulic impact method.After modeling,they were randomly separated into rutin low(rutin-L,25 mg·kg-1 rutin)and medium(rutin-M,50 mg·kg-1 rutin).D),high(rutin-H,100 mg·kg-1 rutin)dose groups,model group and positive control group(dexamethasone group,0.1 mg·kg-1 dexamethasone),18 animals/group.Each group was intervened with drugs and normal saline once a day,and after continuous intervention for 3 days,the neurological deficit(neurological severity score,NSS)of the rats was scored;the rats were sacrificed by decapitation,the cerebral edema was determined,the brain tissue around the contusion was separated,and the histological changes,inflammatory cytokine indicators-tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β)levels and TXNIP,NLRP3 protein expression levels were measured.Results The rats in the sham operation group had no injury.The integrity of brain tissue in model group was damaged,cell wrinkly nuclei were deeply stained,interstitial edema was accompanied by holes and the TNF-α and IL-1β levels,NSS score,cerebral edema,TXNIP and NLRP3 protein expression levels were all increased compared with those in the sham operation group(P<0.05);after rutin intervention,the pathological injury of rat brain tissue was relieved,and the TNF-α and IL-1β levels,NSS score,cerebral edema,TXNIP,and NLRP3 protein expression levels were all lower than those in the model group(P<0.05),there was no significant difference between the rutin-H group and the dexamethasone group(P>0.05).Conclusion Rutin can inhibit the inflammatory response of hydraulic shock brain injury rats,improve brain tissue injury and edema,which may be related to the inhibition of TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the influence of rutin on neuroinflammation in rats with hydraulic shock brain injury by regulating thioredoxin-interacting protein(TXNIP)/NOD-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)signaling pathway.Methods Rats were randomly separated into model group and sham operation group;the rats in the model group were established by hydraulic impact method.After modeling,they were randomly separated into rutin low(rutin-L,25 mg·kg-1 rutin)and medium(rutin-M,50 mg·kg-1 rutin).D),high(rutin-H,100 mg·kg-1 rutin)dose groups,model group and positive control group(dexamethasone group,0.1 mg·kg-1 dexamethasone),18 animals/group.Each group was intervened with drugs and normal saline once a day,and after continuous intervention for 3 days,the neurological deficit(neurological severity score,NSS)of the rats was scored;the rats were sacrificed by decapitation,the cerebral edema was determined,the brain tissue around the contusion was separated,and the histological changes,inflammatory cytokine indicators-tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β)levels and TXNIP,NLRP3 protein expression levels were measured.Results The rats in the sham operation group had no injury.The integrity of brain tissue in model group was damaged,cell wrinkly nuclei were deeply stained,interstitial edema was accompanied by holes and the TNF-α and IL-1β levels,NSS score,cerebral edema,TXNIP and NLRP3 protein expression levels were all increased compared with those in the sham operation group(P<0.05);after rutin intervention,the pathological injury of rat brain tissue was relieved,and the TNF-α and IL-1β levels,NSS score,cerebral edema,TXNIP,and NLRP3 protein expression levels were all lower than those in the model group(P<0.05),there was no significant difference between the rutin-H group and the dexamethasone group(P>0.05).Conclusion Rutin can inhibit the inflammatory response of hydraulic shock brain injury rats,improve brain tissue injury and edema,which may be related to the inhibition of TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the effect of the endoscopic surveillance system in irrigating fluid absorption and bleeding during transurethral resection of the prostate.Methods In vitro trials,we simulated the fluid absorption and bleeding in the operation by using self-developed endoscopic surveillance system from January 2013 to June 2013.Continuous irrigation of 5 ％ mannitol solution,we extracted 5 times irrigating fluid (each time 100 ml and a total of 500 ml) in the process of irrigation and recorded absorption measurements of every time extraction rinses.At the same time,we dripped human whole blood 5 times(each time 5 ml and a total of 25 ml) in the process of irrigation and recorded the bleeding measurements.The above process was repeated three times to detect the accuracy and consistency of the endoscopic surveillance system.In clinical trials,50 cases of BPH were monitored in surgery and the biochemical index,hemodynamics,irrigating fluid absorption and bleeding were compared from October 2016 to April 2017.The included criteria contained as follow:the age of patients should be more than 50 years.The transabdominal ultrasound showed that the volume of prostate should be more than 60 ml.The maximal uroflowmetry should be less than 15ml/s.The IPSS scores should be more than 8.Based on the operative time,two groups (＜60 min and ≥ 60 min) were classified.Results We developed the endoscopic surveillance system which is original in the world.In vitro trials,the average irrigating fluid were (100.60 ± 2.07) ml,(201.00±3.39) ml,(302.00±4.67) ml,(403.60±4.39) ml and (502.40 ±7.57) ml;and the average bleeding were (5.06 ± 0.11) ml,(10.10 ± 0.16) ml,(15.04 ± 0.15) ml,(20.06 ± 0.11) ml and (25.10 ± 0.16) ml.No significant difference was observed in all groups (P ＞ 0.05).In clinical trials,we compared some preoperative and postoperative indexes.The average blood oxygen saturation were (94.46 ± 2.49) ％ and (92.39 ± 2.77) ％ (P ＜ 0.01),the average Serum sodium ion concentration were (141.05 ± 2.52) mmol/L and (138.06 ± 4.27) mmol/L(P ＜ 0.01),the average HGB were (143.50 ± 13.43) g/L and (137.04 ± 14.25) g/L(P ＜ 0.01).The average HCT were (42.05 ± 4.09) ％ and (137.04 ± 14.25) ％ (P ＜ 0.01).The average HR were (77.9 ± 7.6) beats per minute and (77.93 ± 6.93) beats per minute (P＞0.05).The MAP were (90.32 ± 9.75) mmHg and (91.07±8.96)mmHg(P＞0.05).The average serum potassium ion concentration were (4.13 ± 0.53) mmol/L and (4.09 ± 0.37) mmol/L (P ＞ 0.05).The average irrigating fluid absorption of the group less than 60 minutes and the group equal or more than 60 minutes were (401.83 ± 279.23) ml and (885.25 ± 367.68) ml (P ＜ 0.01).The average blood loss were (64.10 ±47.47) ml and (158.40 ± 65.22) ml(P ＜0.01).The preoperative and postoperative hemodynamic,blood biochemical and hematology showed difference in our trials.Irrigating fluid absorption and blood loss were positively associated with operation time.Conclusions The endoscopic surveillance system was safety and accuracy.It can offer real-time monitoring data and alarm mechanism for the surgeons that possibly improve operation safety.

Objective To investigate the clinical application of SWI in detecting calcifications of vertebral artery wall.Methods 1 95 patients who accepted craniocerebral CT scans,and MRI scans (includingT1 WI,T2 WI,T2 GFLAIR,SWI)in recent three years in the Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University were reviewed.Taking CT as a standard,the calcification of intracranial vertebral artery wall was analyzed using conventional MRI and SWI sequences,and their sensitivities and specificities were calculated.Correlations among various imaging modalities were assessed by measuring the maximum diameter of calcifications.Results The sensitivity of SWI was 93%, and the specificity of SWI was 9 9%.The sensitivity of conventional MRI was 3 1%,and the specificity of conventional MRI was 9 1%. The correlation between SWI and CT was R2＝0.77 (0.60－0.89),while the correlation between conventional MRI and CT was R2＝0.22 (0.02－0.80).Conclusion SWI has high sensitivity and specificity in detecting calcification of intracranial vertebral artery wall,and has a good correlation with CT in measuring calcification,which can be a inspection method to detect calcification of intracranial vertebral artery wall.

Objective To determine the efficacy of glucose-loweringtreatment by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS).Methods Bilateral frontal lobes of 45 male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) underwent 1 H-MRS separately bythe time it was first diagnosed.Among them,30 were treated with insulin,15 were rejected.The bilateral frontal lobes of all patients were re-examined with 1 H-MRS after 6 months.The ratios of metabolites in the frontal lobe were recorded and compared,and observing whether the lactate(Lac) peak appeared or not.Results Significantly higher values of the N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/creatine (Cr)ratio and NAA/choline (Cho) ratio after 6 months (2.414 2± 0.206 6 and 2.244 2±0.341 5) were found in bilateral frontal lobes compared with pre-therapy (1.905 3±0.135 7 and 1.906 0±0.322 1)(P＜0.05).Significantly lower values of the NAA/Cr ratio and NAA/Cho ratio in the refuse treatment group(1.504 2 ± 0.262 4 and 1.510 0± 0.220 8) were found in bilateral frontal lobes compared with pre therapy (1.960 0±0.175 0 and 1.880 8±0.297 0)(P＜0.05).Lac peak was not detected in the all experiments.Conclusion 1 H-MRS provides valuable information in the assessment and evaluation of clinical efficacy and prognosis of T2DM by detecting the changes of brain metabolism.

Objective To evaluate the injury of pulmonary function of children with idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis(IPH) and the changes after treatment,and to provide some guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of IPH.Methods Twenty-one children with IPH who were admiued at Children's Hospital of Fudan University between June 2012 and May 2016 were selected.The pulmonary function and clinical data of them were analyzed.Results The general pulmonary function of 21 children with IPH before treatment with glucocorticoid was reported that 4 cases (19.05％) were normal and 17 cases (80.95％) were abnormal,including 11 cases (52.38％) with restrictive ventilatory disorder,4 cases (19.05％) with mixed ventilatory disorder,1 case (4.76％) with obstructive ventilatory disorder,and 1 case (4.76％) with small airway dysfunction.Pulmonary function test was performed on 15 cases after 1-2 months of treatment with glucocorticoid.The results showed that maximal vital capacity (VCmax％) vs.the expected value was (77.91 ± 18.86)％ vs.(60.43 ± 23.70)％,forced vital capacity (FVC％) vs.the expected value was (78.96 ±19.24)％ vs.(61.03 ±24.62)％ and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1％) vs.the expected value was (86.03 ± 21.69) ％ vs.(65.17 ± 26.89) ％,which were significantly higher than those before treatment,and the differences were statistically significant (t =-4.13,-4.01,-4.54,all P ＜ 0.05).Three cases were followed up for 18 to 40 months by detecting pulmonary function and the results of dynamic monitoring of pulmonary function showed a fluctuation in FVC％ [case 1:(69.6-84.2) ％;case 2:(56.1-73.7) ％;case 3:(40.4-70.2) ％].Conclusion The characteristic pulmonary function changes in children with IPH are restrictive ventilatory disorder.Pulmonary function test play a significant role in diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of IPH.

Objective To investigate the characteristics and risk factors of central lymph node metastasis in clinically node negative (cN0) papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) (T1 or T2 stage) coexisting with Hashimoto' s thyroiditis (HT).Methods A total of 398 patients undergoing thyroidectomy with central lymph node dissection were enrolled in the study.Patients were divided into the trial group (PTC with HT)and the control group (PTC without HT).The difference of the clinicopathological characteristics between the 2 groups and risk factors for central lymph node metastasis were analyzed.Results Among the total 398 patients,98 (24.6％)had coexistent HT.Central lymph node metastasis rate was similar in the 2 groups (40.8％ vs 41.3％).The number of dissected central lymph nodes was significantly more in the trial group than in the control group (4.9 vs 2.9,P＜0.01) while the number of metastatic lymph nodes had no statistical significance between the 2 groups (1.0 vs 1.0).Univariate analysis showed that tumor size＞1 cm was significantly associated with central lymph node metastasis in the trial group (P＜0.01).Male,＜45 years,tumor size＞1 cm,and tumor located in the middle/lower third of lobe were all significantly associated with central lymph node metastasis in the control group (P＜0.01).Multivariate analysis showed that tumor size＞1 cm was independent predictor for central lymph node metastasis in the trial group,while female,＜45 years,tumor size＞1 cm,and tumor located in the middle/lower third of lobe were all independent predictors for central lymph node metastasis in the control group.Conclusions The number of central lymph nodes was larger in cN0 PTC coexisting with HT patients than that in PTC patients,but there was no statistical difference in the number of metastatic lymph nodes between cN0 PTC with and without HT.Central lymph node dissection is recommended when tumor size 1 cm in cN0 PTC coexisting with HT patients.

OBJECTIVEBody plethysmography is a typical method to measure functional residual capacity (FRC) and airway resistance (Raw). The aim of the study was to test the feasibility of measuring lung function with the body plethysmography in young children with acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRI) by evaluating changes and prognosis of lung function for infants with ALRI with or without wheezing via body plethysmograph.

METHODPulmonary function tests (PFTs) were performed by using body plethysmography in 444 children with ALRI, aged 1-36 months, to assess their tidal breathing parameters such as ratio of time to peak tidal expiratory flow to total expiratory time (TPTEF/TE), ratio of volume to peak tidal expiratory flow to total expiratory volume (VPTEF/VE), plethysmographic functional residual capacity (FRCP), FRCP per kilogram (FRCP/kg), specific effective airway resistance (sReff), effective airway resistance (Reff), Reff per kilogram (Reff/kg), etc. According to whether there was wheezing or not, children who had ALRI with wheezing were classified as Group-W, or without wheezing as Group-N. Changes or correlations of tidal breathing parameters and plethysmographic parameters were compared.One hundred and three contemporaneous healthy controls aged 1-36 months underwent the same tests for comparison. And 36 wheezing children accepted PFTs at follow-up in recovery phase.

RESULTMean values of TPTEF/TE in Group-W,Group-N and the Control respectively were (20.5 ± 6.7)%,(22.8 ± 6.5)%,(34.6 ± 5.0)% (F = 110.500, P < 0.001), while VPTEF/VE respectively were (23.0 ± 6.3)%,(25.2 ± 6.8)%,(34.5 ± 4.2)% (F = 107.800, P < 0.001). Compared to the Control,Group-W and Group-N had significantly higher values of FRCP (226 vs. 176 vs. 172 ml, χ(2) = 64.870, P < 0.001), FRCP/kg(24.40 vs.17.80 vs.17.60 ml/kg,χ(2) = 68.890, P < 0.001), sReff(1.00 vs. 0.52 vs. 0.46 kPa·s,χ(2) = 75.240, P < 0.001), Reff (3.90 vs.2.74 vs.2.20 kPa·s/L, χ(2) = 36.480, P < 0.001) and Reff/kg [0.42 vs. 0.29 vs.0.22 kPa·s/(L·kg), χ(2) = 29.460, P < 0.001]. Although 25 (12.8%) wheezing children with ALRI had normal values of tidal breathing parameters, they already had increased FRCP, FRCP /kg, sReff, Reff and Reff/kg (t = 2.221, 1.997, 2.502, 2.587, 2.539, all P < 0.05). Values of FRCP and Reff in infants caught ALRI were inversely correlated to that of TPTEF/TE and VPTEF/VE (P < 0.05); 36 children with wheezing who accepted PFTs at follow-up had shown significant decline in the specific parameters of plethysmography such as FRCP, FRCP/kg, sReff, Reff and Reff/kg (Z = -1.999, -2.195, -2.038, -1.823, -2.054, all P < 0.05), while no improvement in the main parameters of tidal breathing such as TPTEF/TE.

CONCLUSIONMeasuring lung function with the body plethysmography in young children with ALRI is feasible. FRC and Raw, as special lung function testing parameters of body plethysmography, were sensitive indicators reflecting impairment of lung function in infants with ALRI (especially for children caught ALRI with wheezing) and shows significant correlation with parameters from lung function testing via tidal breathing. Therefore plethysmography is worthy of clinical promotion.

Airway Resistance ; physiology ; Case-Control Studies ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Functional Residual Capacity ; physiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Lung ; physiopathology ; Male ; Plethysmography, Whole Body ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Respiratory Sounds ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Respiratory Tract Diseases ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Tidal Volume

Objective To access the changes of lung function of newborns with pneumonia and to investigate the feasibility of measuring lung function in the body plcthysmograph for diagnosing and treating respiratory diseases.Methods There were 117 infants,1 day after being diagnosed with mild or moderate pneumonia,aged 4-28 days,involved in the study,those who needed oxygen cure,mechanical ventilation,or had complications from pneumonia were ruled out.Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were performed in the baby body plethysmography to access tidal breathing,plethysmographic functional residual capacity (FRCp),and effective airway resistance (Reff).The other 126 contemporaneous healthy children took the same test for comparison.According to their ages,infants were grouped into 4-7 d,8-14 d,15-21 d and 22-28 d.Results Of the 117 infants with pneumonia,79 (67.5 ％ equivalently) had abnormal lung function.Compared with the controls,infants with pneumonia had significantly higher values of peak tidal expiratory flow [(59.4 ± 16.6) mL/s vs (52.9 ± 16.6) mL/s],expiratory flow at 75％ tidal volume [(57.4 ± 16.7) mL/s vs (49.5 ± 16.7) mL/s],special effective airway resistance (0.48 kPa · s vs O.27 kPa · s),Reff [6.96 kPa · s/L vs 4.82 kPa · s/L] and Reff per kilogram [1.99 kPa · s/(L · kg) vs 1.44 kPa · s/(L · kg)],but lower values of time to peak tidal expiratory flow as a percentage of total expiratory time [(26.5 ± 10.0) ％ vs (36.8 ± 9.9) ％],volume to peak tidal expiratory flow as a percentage of total expiratory volune [(27.9 ± 7.3) ％ vs (35.6 ± 8.4) ％]and expiratory flow at 25％ tidal volume [(36.3 ± 11.7) mL/s vs (40.1 ± 12.4) mL/s].There were no sig± nificant differences in the values of respiratory rate,FRCp and FRCp/kg between the pneumonia children and the healthy control chidren.Compared with the infants aged ≤ 14 days,there were more significant differences in relative parameters of lung funetion between the pneumonia group and the healthy control group for infants aged 15-28 days.Conclusions Newborns with pneumonia had a high ratio of abnormal lung function,which went up to 67.5％,and had apparent obstruction of small airways.Neonates with pneumonia aged 15-28 days had more apparent lesion of lang function.Measuring lang function by means of plethysmography among newborns is feasible and it can detect abnormal lung function sensitively.