Breast cancer （BC）， a common malignant tumor in women， is characterized by high incidence and mortality rates， posing a serious threat to women's life and health. Currently， the commonly used treatments for BC include surgery， radiotherapy， chemotherapy， molecular targeted therapy， and endocrine therapy. Although radiotherapy and chemotherapy can effectively kill tumor cells and inhibit the proliferation and differentiation of tumor cells， they can induce adverse reactions such as hematopoietic dysfunction and impaired immune function. The other treatment methods also have problems such as drug resistance， high recurrence rates， reduced quality of life， and poor clinical efficacy. Therefore， it is urgent to explore new drugs with better efficacy and lower toxicity. Ferroptosis is a form of iron-dependent， non-apoptotic programmed cell death triggered by lipid peroxidation. In recent years， ferroptosis has become a hot topic in the field of cancer treatment and has been gradually proven to effectively inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of BC cells， reduce the drug resistance of BC to chemotherapy drugs， and enhance the sensitivity of BC to radiotherapy. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， with multiple components， multiple targets， and mild side effects， is widely used in the treatment of BC. A large number of studies have shown that active ingredients of TCM， such as saponins， flavonoids， terpenoids， phenols， and polysaccharides， can inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of BC cells by modulating ferroptosis-related pathways. These include iron metabolism， lipid metabolism， cystine/glutamate antiporter system Xc^-/glutathione/glutathione peroxidase 4， Specifically， these ingredients elevate the levels of lipid peroxidation， reactive oxygen species， malondialdehyde， and Fe²⁺ in BC cells， thereby inducing ferroptosis-mediated suppression of tumor progression. This article reviews the relevant literature at home and abroad in recent years， summarizes the mechanisms of ferroptosis in regulating BC and the research progress in the active components of TCM targeting ferroptosis in the intervention of BC， aiming to provide ideas for the development of new drugs for the treatment of BC.

Panvascular diseases represent systemic vascular disorders characterized by atherosclerosis as their core pathological feature. Their incidence rates continue to rise， posing significant challenges for clinical management. Based on Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） theory of ''positive deficiency phlegm stasis''， this study delved into the pivotal role of mitochondrial homeostasis dysregulation in the pathogenesis and progression of pan-vascular diseases， along with its intrinsic connection to TCM pathogenesis. Mitochondrial homeostasis dysregulation pervades the entire course of these diseases， with mitochondrial oxidative stress serving as the initiating factor. Excessive reactive oxygen species （ROS） trigger endothelial dysfunction， lipid accumulation， and inflammatory initiation. Additionally， the imbalance between mitochondrial autophagy and apoptosis constitutes a pivotal link in disease progression. Excessive or insufficient autophagy may lead to the accumulation of damaged mitochondria and excessive cellular apoptosis， thereby promoting plaque instability. Furthermore， mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming impairs energy supply and function in vascular wall cells， hindering subsequent vascular repair. These pathological processes constitute the microscopic manifestation of the core pathogenesis， which is characterized by ''the intermingle of phlegm and stasis and the deficiency of healthy Qi''. Specifically， the endogenous phlegm-turbidity drives mitochondrial oxidative stress injuries， the mutual entanglement of phlegm and stasis induces an imbalance between mitochondrial autophagy and apoptosis， while deficiency of healthy Qi propels mitochondrial energy metabolism disorders and reprogramming. In view of this， this study proposed to employ phlegm-resolving and turbidity-clearing methods to mitigate mitochondrial oxidative stress injuries， phlegm-resolving and blood-activating methods to regulate mitochondrial autophagy and apoptosis， and spleen-tonifying and kidney-nourishing methods to modulate mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming. This approach can prevent and treat panvascular diseases by multi-target regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis， providing a theoretical framework and therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of panvascular diseases through integrated Chinese and Western medicine.

As one of the most common malignant tumors， digestive system tumors exhibit an increase in the incidence and mortality year by year. Its pathogenesis is complex， making it difficult to carry out early prevention. Autophagy is a process in which cells use lysosomes to degrade their organelles and macromolecules to maintain cellular homeostasis under the regulation of autophagy-related genes. Cellular autophagy has a dual regulatory effect on the tumor microenvironment， which always affects the occurrence and development of digestive system tumors. Therefore， the effect and mechanism of action of cellular autophagy on digestive system tumors have become a hot topic in tumor therapy in recent years. Meanwhile， the remarkable research results of targeted autophagy drugs indicate that cellular autophagy may become an important target for anti-digestive system tumors. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has been widely used in the comprehensive treatment of digestive system tumors with good efficacy. A variety of active ingredients in TCM， such as flavonoids， glycosides， terpenoids， quinones， and alkaloids， can increase the expression of autophagy-associated proteins microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 （LC3）Ⅱ/Ⅰ， autophagy-related gene （ATG）5， ATG7， inhibit the expression of autophagy-related protein p62 ， and induce autophagy in digestive system tumor cells， thereby exerting the anti-digestive system tumor effect. By summarizing the research results in recent years on the modulation of cell autophagy by active ingredients in TCM to fight against digestive system tumors， this paper analyzed the relevant signaling pathways， regulatory factors， and functional characteristics of cell autophagy modulation， so as to elucidate the mechanism by which active ingredients of TCM induce autophagy and to provide ideas and references for clinical application.

As one of the most common malignant tumors， digestive system tumors exhibit an increase in the incidence and mortality year by year. Its pathogenesis is complex， making it difficult to carry out early prevention. Autophagy is a process in which cells use lysosomes to degrade their organelles and macromolecules to maintain cellular homeostasis under the regulation of autophagy-related genes. Cellular autophagy has a dual regulatory effect on the tumor microenvironment， which always affects the occurrence and development of digestive system tumors. Therefore， the effect and mechanism of action of cellular autophagy on digestive system tumors have become a hot topic in tumor therapy in recent years. Meanwhile， the remarkable research results of targeted autophagy drugs indicate that cellular autophagy may become an important target for anti-digestive system tumors. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has been widely used in the comprehensive treatment of digestive system tumors with good efficacy. A variety of active ingredients in TCM， such as flavonoids， glycosides， terpenoids， quinones， and alkaloids， can increase the expression of autophagy-associated proteins microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 （LC3）Ⅱ/Ⅰ， autophagy-related gene （ATG）5， ATG7， inhibit the expression of autophagy-related protein p62 ， and induce autophagy in digestive system tumor cells， thereby exerting the anti-digestive system tumor effect. By summarizing the research results in recent years on the modulation of cell autophagy by active ingredients in TCM to fight against digestive system tumors， this paper analyzed the relevant signaling pathways， regulatory factors， and functional characteristics of cell autophagy modulation， so as to elucidate the mechanism by which active ingredients of TCM induce autophagy and to provide ideas and references for clinical application.

ObjectiveEndothelial cell dysfunction being the core link. This study explores the molecular mechanism of Danshen Tongluo formula in treating coronary artery disease-dominated panvascular disease with endothelial cell changes as the core through animal experiments and single-cell transcriptome sequencing. MethodsA rat model of coronary artery disease-dominated panvascular disease was established by ligating the left anterior coronary artery. Rats were randomized into a blank group， a model group， and a Danshen Tongluo formula （28 mg·kg^-1·d^-1） group. The efficacy was evaluated by examining the cardiac ultrasound， determination of the plasma level of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide， and pathological staining. After single-cell sequencing， SingleR package， public datasets， and related literature were used for annotation of the cells. Cell chat was used for intercellular communication and ligand-receptor analysis， and scmetabolism was used for metabolic analysis of endothelial cells. ResultsAnimal experiments showed that Danshen Tongluo formula reduced the N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide （ NT-proBNP ） level （P<0.05）， ameliorated myocardial cell damage and fibrosis， and increase left ventricular ejection fractions （LVEF） in the rat model of heart failure after myocardial infarction（P<0.05）. Single-cell sequencing results showed that Danshen Tongluo formula increased the proportion of arterial endothelial cells， venous endothelial cells， and capillary-arterial endothelial cells， while reducing the proportion of capillary-venous endothelial cells. In addition， this formula increased the interaction intensity of endothelial cells with cardiomyocytes and M1 macrophages and reduced the interaction intensity of endothelial cells with fibroblasts and T cells. Danshen Tongluo formula upregulated CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling in endothelium-B cells and Ptprm-Ptprm signaling in endothelial endothelial cells， while downregulating Mif-（CD74⁺CXCR44） signaling in endothelium-M1 macrophages and Mif-（CD74⁺CD44） signaling in endothelium-M2 macrophages. It reduced the citric acid cycle， oxidative phosphorylation， and glycolysis and increased the glycolysis/oxidative phosphorylation ratio in endothelial cells. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that arterial endothelial cells， venous endothelial cells， and venous capillary endothelial cells can all regulate oxidative phosphorylation， cell adhesion molecules， and tyrosine metabolism. Lymphatic endothelial cells regulate immunity and vascular constriction to participate in the metabolism of various amino acids and fatty acids. ConclusionDanshen Tongluo Formula can ameliorate coronary artery disease-dominated panvascular disease by changing the composition of endothelial cells and regulating the communication between myocardial endothelial cells and non-endothelial cells.

Gastrointestinal tumors （GTs）， including colorectal cancer， gastric cancer， liver cancer， pancreatic cancer， and esophageal cancer， are increasing in incidence worldwide and have become one of the major diseases threatening human health. Tumor stem cells （TSCs）， an undifferentiated subpopulation within tumor tissues， possess biological characteristics such as self-renewal， multidirectional differentiation， high tumorigenicity， and resistance to radiochemotherapy. They play an important role in the occurrence， progression， recurrence， and metastasis of GTs and have increasingly become a research hotspot in GT treatment. Although modern medicine has made remarkable progress， there remain many problems in therapeutic approaches targeting TSCs. In this context， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， with its favorable safety profile and multi-target mechanisms， has shown potential advantages and value in regulating TSCs. It can reduce TSC drug resistance， enhance the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapeutic agents， inhibit tumor growth and metastasis， and has shown unique advantages in improving the quality of life and prolonging the survival of GT patients. Studies have found that active components of Chinese medicine， such as terpenoids， polyphenols， flavonoids， glycosides， and quinones， and Chinese medicine compound formulas， including Zuojin pills， Sijunzi decoction， Biejiajian pills， and Xuanfu Daizhe decoction， can inhibit TSCs-related signaling pathways such as the Notch signaling pathway， the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway， the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B （PI3K/Akt） signaling pathway， and the Hippo signaling pathway. They also reduce the expression of TSC surface markers， including sex-determining region Y-box 2 （SOX2）， sex-determining region Y-box 9 （SOX9）， octamer-binding transcription factor 4 （OCT4）， prominin-1 （CD133）， cluster of differentiation 44 （CD44）， cluster of differentiation 24 （CD24）， and thyroid transmembrane protein 1 （CD90）， thereby hindering TSC differentiation， accelerating their metabolic processes， improving the tumor microenvironment， and consequently inhibiting GT growth. This study collects and analyzes recent research on the regulation of TSCs by TCM in the treatment of GT， aiming to provide a new theoretical basis for tumor therapy with TCM， expand its application in the comprehensive treatment of GT， and offer new therapeutic ideas and methods for clinical practice.

Osteoarthritis (OA), the most prevalent joint disease of late life, is closely linked to cellular senescence. Previously, we found that the senescence of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) played an essential role in the degradation of cartilage. In this work, single-cell sequencing data further demonstrated that cartilage acidic protein 1 (CRTAC1) is a critical secreted factor of senescent FLS, which suppresses mitophagy and induces mitochondrial dysfunction by regulating SIRT3 expression. In vivo, deletion of SIRT3 in chondrocytes accelerated cartilage degradation and aggravated the progression of OA. Oppositely, intra-articular injection of adeno-associated virus expressing SIRT3 effectively alleviated OA progression in mice. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that elevated CRTAC1 could bind with NRF2 in chondrocytes, which subsequently suppresses the transcription of SIRT3 in vitro. In addition, SIRT3 reduction could promote the acetylation of FOXO3a and result in mitochondrial dysfunction, which finally contributes to the degradation of chondrocytes. To conclude, this work revealed the critical role and underlying mechanism of senescent FLSs-derived CRTAC1 in OA progression, which provided a potential strategy for the OA therapy.

[Objective]To clarify the associations between plasma fibrinogen(Fbg)and volumetric bone mineral density(vBMD)as well as osteoporosis measured by quantitative computed tomography(QCT),and to explore the role of plasma Fbg in early screening and diagnosis of osteoporosis.[Methods]Patients with hypertension who were hospitalized in the Department of Endocrinology of Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2018 to June 2022 and underwent QCT examinations were included for cross-sectional analysis.The study analyzed the correlation between plasma Fbg and osteoporosis in patients.The diagnostic efficacy of plasma Fbg for osteoporosis was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve(AUC).[Results]Totally 441 subjects were included in the analysis,with an average age of 46.0±14.5 years and a prevalence of osteoporosis of 6.4%(28/441).As the level of plasma fibrinogen increased,the incidence of osteoporosis significantly increased(P<0.000 1)while the average bone mineral density of L1 and L2 were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the first quartile of plasma Fbg(1.99g/L-2.37g/L),the risk of osteoporosis in the fourth quartile of plasma Fbg(3.67g/L-4.46g/L)increased by 8.85 times after adjusting for related confounding factors.[Conclusion]This study found a negative correlation between plasma fibrinogen levels and bone density in patients with hypertension.Plasma fibrinogen levels may serve as a potential screening indicator for osteoporosis,aiding in early diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring.This discovery offers a new perspective for the study of bone metabolic diseases and warrants further investigation.

The incidence and mortality rates of malignant tumors continue to rise,which posing a serious threat to the physical and mental health of the global population,and becoming a significant scientific problem in urgent need of resolution.Tumor immuno-therapy,as a novel anti-tumor treatment,optimizes the treatment modalities for tumors.Currently,combination of immunotherapy with chemotherapy and targeted therapy has shown promising results in anti-tumor treatment.Traditional Chinese medicine is widely used in comprehensive anti-tumor treatments,demonstrating significant effectiveness and distinct advantages.Among them,monomeric saponins in Chinese herbal medicine exhibit remarkable anti-tumor effects with the notable advantages of high efficiency and low tox-icity.This has made them a focal point of research for many oncologists.Studies have revealed that a large number of monomeric sapo-nins from Chinese herbal medicine can directly or indirectly affect the functions of immune cells by regulating the innate immune sys-tem,adaptive immune system,and related immune cell factors.This enhances the immune cytotoxicity against tumor cells,thereby better exerting the anti-tumor immune effects.This paper summarizes the research findings on the anti-tumor effects of monomeric sapo-nins in recent years.It elaborates on the specific mechanisms by which monomeric saponins from Chinese herbal medicine regulate im-mune cells to exert anti-tumor effects.The aim of this paper is to provide new research perspectives for tumor immunotherapy,further harness the crucial role of traditional Chinese medicine in anti-tumor treatment,and propel the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine.

With the advancement of China's healthcare reform,enhancing the capacity of primary healthcare services has become a pivotal task.Colorectal cancer,one of the most prevalent malignancies in China,highlights the critical importance of early screening and diagnosis to improve patient survival rates.This study,guided by the principles of Party building and Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics,examines the implementation and outcomes of a rural outreach program focused on colorectal cancer screening and diagnostic technologies.By promoting the dissemination of colorectal cancer screening initiatives,the paper aims to provide empirical evidence to support the deepening of primary-care services,foster high-quality ad-vancement of grassroots health services,and align with the national Healthy China Initiative,thereby more effectively safeguarding population health.