Objective To investigate the effects and mechanisms of high-fat diet(HFD)-induced obesity on male ze-brafish reproductive function.Methods Adult male zebrafish were divided into normal diet(ND)group and HFD group.Growth and metabolic conditions were evaluated by measuring body weight,body length,BMI,organ index,and glucose/lipid lev-els.Reproductive capacity was assessed via sperm concentration,motility,fertilization rate,and testosterone levels.Testicular tissues from both of groups were subjected to transeriptomic sequencing(RNA-seq).And qRT-PCR was used to validate the expression of genes.Results Compared to male zebrafish in ND group,the ones in HFD group exhibited hepatic steatosis and glucose/lipid meta-bolic disorders(P＜0.05).Testicular structural disorganization,along with reduced testosterone levels,decreased gonadosomatic in-dex,and impaired sperm concentration and motility occurred in HFD group(P＜0.05).GO analysis revealed that differentially ex-pressed genes were enriched in spermatogenesis and ciliary system,while KEGG analysis highlighted metabolic related pathways(pu-rine metabolism,thyroid hormone synthesis,mTOR signaling)and cell adhesion molecules.Twenty key differentially expressed genes were validated by qRT-PCR,which confirmed the reliability of RNA-Seq results.Conclusion Impairment of reproductive function induced by HFD in zebrafish may be associated with three regulatory mechanisms including ciliary system,metabolic dysregulation,and aberrant cell adhesion molecule signaling.This study provides mechanistic insights and identifies potential therapeutic targets for clinical management of diet-associated infertility.

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanisms of high-fat diet(HFD)-induced obesity on male ze-brafish reproductive function.Methods Adult male zebrafish were divided into normal diet(ND)group and HFD group.Growth and metabolic conditions were evaluated by measuring body weight,body length,BMI,organ index,and glucose/lipid lev-els.Reproductive capacity was assessed via sperm concentration,motility,fertilization rate,and testosterone levels.Testicular tissues from both of groups were subjected to transeriptomic sequencing(RNA-seq).And qRT-PCR was used to validate the expression of genes.Results Compared to male zebrafish in ND group,the ones in HFD group exhibited hepatic steatosis and glucose/lipid meta-bolic disorders(P＜0.05).Testicular structural disorganization,along with reduced testosterone levels,decreased gonadosomatic in-dex,and impaired sperm concentration and motility occurred in HFD group(P＜0.05).GO analysis revealed that differentially ex-pressed genes were enriched in spermatogenesis and ciliary system,while KEGG analysis highlighted metabolic related pathways(pu-rine metabolism,thyroid hormone synthesis,mTOR signaling)and cell adhesion molecules.Twenty key differentially expressed genes were validated by qRT-PCR,which confirmed the reliability of RNA-Seq results.Conclusion Impairment of reproductive function induced by HFD in zebrafish may be associated with three regulatory mechanisms including ciliary system,metabolic dysregulation,and aberrant cell adhesion molecule signaling.This study provides mechanistic insights and identifies potential therapeutic targets for clinical management of diet-associated infertility.

Objective To conduct a cross-sectional study on sleep and periodontal conditions,and further analyze the correlation be-tween sleep disorders and the progression of periodontitis.Methods A total of 100 patients who visited the Department of Stomatology at Nanjing First Hospital from June 2022 to October 2023 and met the inclusion criteria were selected.According to the 2018 Interna-tional New Classification of Periodontitis and Implant Periodontitis,patients were divided into stages Ⅰ-Ⅳ of periodontitis.General patient information was recorded.A Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI)questionnaire survey was conducted to understand the patient's sleep status,and routine periodontal examinations were conducted to record probing depth(PD),periodontal attachment level(AL),bleeding index(BI),and blood routine tests were used to measure white blood cell count.The correlation between sleep disor-ders and periodontitis was statistically analyzed.Results The average PSQI score of all patients was(7.01±3.17)points,with an average PD of(3.52±0.67)mm,an average AL of(3.84±1.58)mm,and an average BI of(3.15±1.26).Among them,patients with stage Ⅳ periodontitis had the highest PSQI score.The white blood cell count of patients with stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ periodontitis was higher than that of patients with stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ(P<0.05),and the white blood cell count of patients with sleep disorders and periodontitis was higher than that of patients with periodontitis without sleep disorders(P<0.000 1).Using PSQI score as the independent variable and periodontitis stage as the dependent variable,after adjusting for age,gender,smoking,brushing frequency,and white blood cell count,regression analysis showed an OR of 1.480 2(95％CI:1.248 5-1.755 0).Conclusion There is a correlation between sleep disorders and periodontitis,and sleep disorders can promote the occurrence and development of periodontal tissue inflammation.

Objective: To assess the risk of foodborne diseases caused by Cronobacter sakazakii in infant formula powder from retail to feeding and provide formulate suggestions for safe feeding of infants at home. Methods: This study used the special monitoring and risk monitoring data of infant formula powder in Heilongjiang Province and combined data at home and abroad. The @RISK software was used to evaluate the disease risk caused by Cronobacter sakazakii in the process of infant formula powder from retail to feeding. Results: According to the results of this quantitative risk assessment, the risk of foodborne diseases caused by Cronobacter sakazakii at the current consumption pattern in Heilongjiang Province was 5.158×10^-5 persons/million (40.0 ℃ and 50.0 ℃), 1.072×10^-7 persons/million (60.0 ℃), 5.544×10^-14 persons/million (70.0 ℃). When the feeding time of infant formula powder was adjusted to 0-2 h and 2-3 h respectively, the above prediction results did not change. When it was adjusted to 3-4 h, the risk increased. If it was adjusted to 4-24 h, the number of Cronobacter sakazakii increased by 14-24 orders of magnitude at room temperature. If the initial pollution concentration (after flushing) was adjusted to 1 MPN/ml, the average disease risk per meal was 805.7 persons/million (40.0 ℃ and 50.0 ℃), 1.7 persons/million (60.0 ℃) and 9.1 × 10^-7 persons/million (70.0 ℃). The results of sensitivity analysis showed that the water temperature (70.0 ℃), initial pollution concentration, room storage time and temperature were important factors of risk. Conclusion: Controlling the contamination level of Cronobacter sakazakii in infant formula powder, controlling the feeding time within 3 h, storing in refrigerator and mixing with water with temperature not lower than 70.0 ℃ are effective measures to prevent infants from eating infant formula powder infected by Cronobacter sakazakii.
Infant ; Humans ; Cronobacter sakazakii ; Infant Formula ; Food Microbiology ; Powders ; Risk Assessment ; Foodborne Diseases

Objective:To explore the protective effect and mechanism of scutellarin (Scu) on sepsis associated-acute kidney injury (SA-AKI).Methods:① In vivo experiment: 36 male C57BL/6 mice were divided into normal saline (NS) control group, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced SA-AKI model group (LPS group), 20 mg/kg Scu control group (Scu 20 control group), and 5, 10, 20 mg/kg Scu pretreatment groups by random number table with 6 mice in each group. The SA-AKI model was reproduced by intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg LPS. The NS control group was injected with NS intraperitoneally. The Scu pretreatment groups were intraperitoneally injected with different doses of Scu every day before LPS injection for 1 week. Scu 20 control group was injected with 20 mg/kg Scu for 1 week. After 24 hours of LPS treatment, mice in each group were sacrificed, kidney tissues were collected, and kidney injury was detected by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression levels of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway related molecules, apoptosis-related proteins and cysteine-rich protein 61-connective tissue growth factor-nephroblastoma overexpressed gene 1 (CCN1). ② In vitro experiment: human renal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2 was cultured in vitro and used for experiment when the cells fused to 80%. In the cells without LPS treatment and after 100 g/L LPS treatment, pcDNA3.1-CCN1 and small interfering RNA (siRNA) CCN1 sequence were transfected to overexpress and inhibit CCN1 expression, respectively, to observe whether CCN1 was involved in NF-κB signaling pathway activation and apoptosis. In addition, 100g/L LPS and 20 μmol/L Scu were added into HK-2 cells transfected with and without CCN1 siRNA to investigate the mechanism of protective effect of Scu on LPS-induced HK-2 cells injury. Results:① The results of in vivo experiment: the renal function of SA-AKI mice induced by LPS was significantly decreased, and had kidney histological damage and severely damaged renal tubules. Scu could alleviate renal function and histological damage in a dose-dependent manner. Western blotting results showed Scu could reduce the protein expression of NF-κB signaling pathway related molecules and CCN1 in the renal tissue, and had a significant alleviating effect on apoptosis, indicating that CCN1 was involved in NF-κB signaling pathway activation and apoptosis. ② The results of in vitro experiment: in HK-2 cells not treated with LPS, CCN1 overexpression had no effect on apoptosis related protein and pro-inflammatory factors of NF-κB signaling pathway. In HK-2 cells treated with LPS, overexpression of CCN1 significantly inhibited the mRNA expressions of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), with significant differences as compared with cells stimulated only by LPS [IL-1β mRNA (2 -ΔΔCT): 3.20±0.57 vs. 4.88±0.69, TNF-α mRNA (2 -ΔΔCT): 2.99±0.44 vs. 5.00±0.81, MCP-1 mRNA (2 -ΔΔCT): 2.81±0.50 vs. 5.41±0.75, all P < 0.05], and the apoptosis-related protein was significantly down-regulated. However, when siRNA was used to inhibit the expression of CCN1, the mRNA expressions of pro-inflammatory factors were significantly increased as compared with cells stimulated only by LPS [IL-1β mRNA (2 -ΔΔCT): 6.01±1.13 vs. 4.88±0.69, TNF-α mRNA (2 -ΔΔCT): 5.15±0.86 vs. 5.00±0.81, all P < 0.05], and apoptosis-related protein was significantly up-regulated. In the LPS-induced HK-2 cells, the mRNA expressions of pro-inflammatory factors were significantly down-regulated after Scu treatment as compared with cells stimulated only by LPS [IL-1β mRNA (2 -ΔΔCT) : 2.55±0.50 vs. 6.15±1.04, TNF-α mRNA (2 -ΔΔCT): 2.58±0.40 vs. 3.95±0.52, MCP-1 mRNA (2 -ΔΔCT): 2.64±0.44 vs. 6.21±0.96, all P < 0.05], and apoptosis-related protein was also significantly reduced. When the expression of CCN1 was inhibited by siRNA, the protective effect of Scu on cells was weakened, which showed that the mRNA expressions of pro-inflammatory factors in cells was significantly up-regulated compared with the cells without inhibition of CCN1 expression [IL-1β mRNA (2 -ΔΔCT): 5.34±0.76 vs. 2.55±0.50, TNF-α mRNA (2 -ΔΔCT): 3.66±0.54 vs. 2.58±0.40, MCP-1 mRNA (2 -ΔΔCT): 5.15±0.79 vs. 2.64±0.44, all P < 0.05], and the expression of apoptosis related protein was also significantly up-regulated. Conclusions:Scu could protect the renal function in SA-AKI mice, and the protective effect is associated with NF-κB signaling pathway and CCN1. Thus, Scu could alleviate LPS-induced kidney injury by regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) values and Ki-67 labeling index of cervical squamous cell carcinoma.Methods:From October 2017 to December 2018, 24 patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma [International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage Ⅰ-Ⅲ] were prospectively enrolled in Peking Union Medical College Hospital and underwent pelvic morphological MRI on a 3.0 T MR scanner, including three-dimensional turbo-spin-echo APTw imaging and DWI. The maximum diameters of the lesions, APTw values and ADC values on the slice with the maximum diameter of the lesion were independently measured by two radiologists. The ICC was computed to evaluate the inter-observer consistency. Ki-67 immunohistochemical expression status was assessed by one pathologist. The Pearson correlation analysis was performed between the APTw values, maximum diameters, ADC values and Ki-67 labeling index.Results:The APTw values of cervical squamous cell carcinoma were (2.9±0.5)%. Inter-observer ICC was 0.972 (95%CI 0.937-0.988). The APTw values were positively moderately correlated with Ki-67 labeling index [(61.9±18.7)%, r=0.532, P=0.008]. The maximum diameters of the lesions were (28.7±10.6) mm. The mean ADC values were (0.998±0.217)×10 -3 mm 2/s. No correlations were found between maximum diameters, ADC values and Ki-67 labeling index ( r=0.038, P=0.859; r=0.238, P=0.263). Conclusion:APTw values can partially reveal the proliferation status of cervical squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective: To explore the application value of 3.0 T MultiVane XD (MVXD) technique in female patients with uterine adenomyosis and fibroids. Methods: Patients diagnosed with uterine fibroids with ultrasound and suspected of adenomyosis were involved prospectively from March to May 2018, 3.0 T pelvic MRI examinations were performed during peri-ovulatory period. Axialconventional turbo spin echo (TSE) T₂WI, axial MVXD T₂WI, sagittal conventional TSE T₂WI and MVXD sagittal T₂WI were acquired. Two observers rated those 4 series in the aspects of sharpness of uterine border, motion artifacts, identification capability of lesions, confidence of diagnosis and overall image quality. Cohen Kappa analysis was used to evaluate the consistency of scores between 2 observers. Scores of TSE T₂WI and MVXD T₂WI qualities were compared using Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test. Results: Twenty patients were enrolled. Axial conventional TSE T₂WI, axial MVXD T₂WI were aquired on all of them. Sagittal conventional TSE T₂WI, sagittal MVXD T₂WI were aquired on 19 among them. Nine patients had only obvious adenomyosis, 6 had only uterinefibroids, and 5 had adenomyosis and uterine fibroids. Compared to conventional TSE technique, scores of two observers in the sharpness of uterine border, motion artifacts, and overall image quality is higher by MVXD with significant difference (P<0.05). The Kappa values for image quality scores of two observers ranged from 0.615 to 0.971, the agreement was good or very good. Conclusion Applying MVXD T₂WI technique to patients with uterine fibroids and adenomyosiscould improve image quality, without sacrificing the ability to recognize and diagnose lesions, compared to conventional TSE T₂WI technique.

Objective: To investigate the application of high-frequency ultrasound in dermabrasion of patients with deep partial-thickness burns. Methods: Twenty-six patients with deep partial-thickness burns conforming to the study criteria were hospitalized in our unit from March 2015 to March 2016. Patients were all performed with dermabrasion. The structure of skin tissue and blood flow signals of uninjured side and wounds before dermabrasion, and those of wounds immediately post dermabrasion and on post dermabrasion day (PDD) 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, and 21 were detected with high-frequency ultrasound, and the percentage of blood flow signals was calculated. According to the results of comparison between percentage of blood flow signals of wounds and that of normal skin before dermabrasion, patients were divided into no significant decrease group (NSD, n=19) and significant decrease group (SD, n=7). Wound healing time of patients in two groups was recorded. Data were processed with analysis of variance of repeated measurement, LSD test, t test and Chi-square test. The correlation between the percentage of blood flow signals of wounds before dermabrasion and wound healing time of 26 patients were analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis. Results: (1) Epidermis of normal skin of patients in two groups before dermabrasion showed continuous smooth linear hyperecho, which was stronger than that of dermis, and boundary of dermis and subcutaneous tissue showed stronger discontinuous linear echo than that of dermis, which gradually transited to subcutaneous tissue. In group NSD, epidermis of wound of patients before dermabrasion showed intermittent rough linear echo, which was weaker than that of normal skin epidermis, and there was no obvious abnormity of boundary between dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Immediately post dermabrasion and on PDD 1, no linear hyperecho of epidermis was observed, showing complete attrition of epidermis, and the echo of dermis and subcutaneous tissue had no obvious change as compared with that before dermabrasion, with flat surface of dermis and partly abraded superficial-dermis but relatively well preserved dermal tissue in whole. The epidermis showed discontinuous linear hyperecho, and epidermis was discontinuously regenerated on PDD 3 and 5. Partial continuous linear hyperecho was detected in the epidermis, showing partial continuous regeneration of epidermis on PDD 7 and 10. The regenerated epidermis was thicker than normal skin epidermis and showed rough linear hyperecho with non-uniform thickness on PDD 14. The regenerated epidermis was thicker than normal skin epidermis and showed rather smooth linear hyperecho with uniform thickness on PDD 21. In group SD, the structure of epidermis and dermis of wound of patients before dermabrasion, immediately post dermabrasion, and on PDD 1 was similar to that in group NSD, but the echo of boundary of dermis and subcutaneous tissue was weakened in different degrees. There was no linear hyperecho of epidermis, showing no epidermis was regenerated on PDD 3 and 5. Intermittent regeneration of epidermis appeared on PDD 7 and 10 with intermittent linear hyperecho. Partial continuous linear hyperecho was detected in the epidermis, showing partial continuous regeneration of epidermis on PDD 14 and 21. (2) The percentages of blood flow signals of wounds of patients in group NSD before dermabrasion, immediately post dermabrasion, and on PDD 1 were (3.1±1.3)%, (6.5±2.0)%, and (5.3±1.9)% respectively, higher than those in group SD [(0.9±1.1)%, (3.5±1.3)%, and (3.6±0.9)% respectively, P<0.05 or P<0.01]. The percentages of blood flow signals of wounds of patients in two groups were similar at the other time points (with P values above 0.05). Compared with the percentage of normal skin in the same group [(3.2±0.7)%], the percentages of blood flow signals of wounds of patients in group NSD were significantly increased immediately post dermabrasion and on PDD 1 (with P values below 0.01) but had no significant change at the other time points (with P values above 0.05). The percentage of blood flow signals of wounds of patients before dermabrasion in group SD was significantly lower than that of normal skin in the same group [(2.8±0.6)%, P<0.01]. The percentage of blood flow signals of wounds of patients in group SD was close to that of normal skin in the same group at each time point post dermabrasion (with P values above 0.05). (3) The wound healing time of patients in group NSD was (16.2±2.5) d, lower than that in group SD [(30.9±2.9) d, t=12.67, P<0.01]. There was obvious negative correlation between the percentage of blood flow signals of wounds before dermabrasion and wound healing time of 26 patients (r=-0.77, P<0.01). Conclusions High-frequency ultrasound is a good way to observe the imaging features of wounds in patients with deep partial-thickness burns before and after dermabrasion, and it can provide objective imaging evidence for the performance of dermabrasion in patients with deep partial-thickness burns.