Objective:To study the mechanistic role of Jiedu Huayu granule in improving intestinal mucosal barrier functional damage and protecting against liver failure in mice induced by D-galactosamine combined with lipopolysaccharide.Methods:Fifty mice were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group, a low-dose Jiedu Huayu granule group (4.16 g·kg -1·d -1), a medium-dose Jiedu Huayu granule group (8.32 g·kg -1·d -1), and a high-dose Jiedu Huayu granule group (16.64 g·kg -1·d -1). D-galactosamine combined with lipopolysaccharide was administered once to establish an acute liver failure mouse model, followed by corresponding drug intervention. Retro-orbital blood samples were collected to measure serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and total bilirubin levels six hours after modeling in mice. The endotoxin content was detected using the limulus reagent method. The content of serum interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ levels were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe liver and intestinal pathological tissues.Western blot and RT-PCR were used to determine the protein and mRNA expression of Occludin, Zo-1, Tricellulin, and CLDN3 in intestinal tissues. Multiple quantitative data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, following a normal distribution. LSD-t test was used for statistical analysis between inter-groups. Results:The medium-and high-dose Jiedu Huayu granules had reduced and improved liver function impairment, liver pathological tissue damage, intestinal barrier damage, serum endotoxin and inflammatory factors ( P<0.05), and increased intestinal expression of occludin, Zo-1, Tricellulin, and CLDN3 ( P<0.05) in mice group with acute liver failure. Conclusion:Jiedu Huayu granules can reduce liver inflammatory damage, gut-derived endotoxemia, bacterial endotoxins entering the liver, and protect intestinal barrier function, thereby remissioning liver inflammation and antagonizing liver failure in mice with acute liver failure.

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanisms of high-fat diet(HFD)-induced obesity on male ze-brafish reproductive function.Methods Adult male zebrafish were divided into normal diet(ND)group and HFD group.Growth and metabolic conditions were evaluated by measuring body weight,body length,BMI,organ index,and glucose/lipid lev-els.Reproductive capacity was assessed via sperm concentration,motility,fertilization rate,and testosterone levels.Testicular tissues from both of groups were subjected to transeriptomic sequencing(RNA-seq).And qRT-PCR was used to validate the expression of genes.Results Compared to male zebrafish in ND group,the ones in HFD group exhibited hepatic steatosis and glucose/lipid meta-bolic disorders(P＜0.05).Testicular structural disorganization,along with reduced testosterone levels,decreased gonadosomatic in-dex,and impaired sperm concentration and motility occurred in HFD group(P＜0.05).GO analysis revealed that differentially ex-pressed genes were enriched in spermatogenesis and ciliary system,while KEGG analysis highlighted metabolic related pathways(pu-rine metabolism,thyroid hormone synthesis,mTOR signaling)and cell adhesion molecules.Twenty key differentially expressed genes were validated by qRT-PCR,which confirmed the reliability of RNA-Seq results.Conclusion Impairment of reproductive function induced by HFD in zebrafish may be associated with three regulatory mechanisms including ciliary system,metabolic dysregulation,and aberrant cell adhesion molecule signaling.This study provides mechanistic insights and identifies potential therapeutic targets for clinical management of diet-associated infertility.

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanisms of high-fat diet(HFD)-induced obesity on male ze-brafish reproductive function.Methods Adult male zebrafish were divided into normal diet(ND)group and HFD group.Growth and metabolic conditions were evaluated by measuring body weight,body length,BMI,organ index,and glucose/lipid lev-els.Reproductive capacity was assessed via sperm concentration,motility,fertilization rate,and testosterone levels.Testicular tissues from both of groups were subjected to transeriptomic sequencing(RNA-seq).And qRT-PCR was used to validate the expression of genes.Results Compared to male zebrafish in ND group,the ones in HFD group exhibited hepatic steatosis and glucose/lipid meta-bolic disorders(P＜0.05).Testicular structural disorganization,along with reduced testosterone levels,decreased gonadosomatic in-dex,and impaired sperm concentration and motility occurred in HFD group(P＜0.05).GO analysis revealed that differentially ex-pressed genes were enriched in spermatogenesis and ciliary system,while KEGG analysis highlighted metabolic related pathways(pu-rine metabolism,thyroid hormone synthesis,mTOR signaling)and cell adhesion molecules.Twenty key differentially expressed genes were validated by qRT-PCR,which confirmed the reliability of RNA-Seq results.Conclusion Impairment of reproductive function induced by HFD in zebrafish may be associated with three regulatory mechanisms including ciliary system,metabolic dysregulation,and aberrant cell adhesion molecule signaling.This study provides mechanistic insights and identifies potential therapeutic targets for clinical management of diet-associated infertility.

Objective:To study the mechanistic role of Jiedu Huayu granule in improving intestinal mucosal barrier functional damage and protecting against liver failure in mice induced by D-galactosamine combined with lipopolysaccharide.Methods:Fifty mice were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group, a low-dose Jiedu Huayu granule group (4.16 g·kg -1·d -1), a medium-dose Jiedu Huayu granule group (8.32 g·kg -1·d -1), and a high-dose Jiedu Huayu granule group (16.64 g·kg -1·d -1). D-galactosamine combined with lipopolysaccharide was administered once to establish an acute liver failure mouse model, followed by corresponding drug intervention. Retro-orbital blood samples were collected to measure serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and total bilirubin levels six hours after modeling in mice. The endotoxin content was detected using the limulus reagent method. The content of serum interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ levels were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe liver and intestinal pathological tissues.Western blot and RT-PCR were used to determine the protein and mRNA expression of Occludin, Zo-1, Tricellulin, and CLDN3 in intestinal tissues. Multiple quantitative data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, following a normal distribution. LSD-t test was used for statistical analysis between inter-groups. Results:The medium-and high-dose Jiedu Huayu granules had reduced and improved liver function impairment, liver pathological tissue damage, intestinal barrier damage, serum endotoxin and inflammatory factors ( P<0.05), and increased intestinal expression of occludin, Zo-1, Tricellulin, and CLDN3 ( P<0.05) in mice group with acute liver failure. Conclusion:Jiedu Huayu granules can reduce liver inflammatory damage, gut-derived endotoxemia, bacterial endotoxins entering the liver, and protect intestinal barrier function, thereby remissioning liver inflammation and antagonizing liver failure in mice with acute liver failure.

Zhuye Shigaotang is one of the 100 classic prescriptions published by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine. This study used the traceability method and bibliometrics method to analyze the main applicable syndromes， efficacy and meanings， modern disease spectrum， and other aspects of Zhuye Shigaotang， so as to further promote the research and development of this prescription. The results showed that Zhuye Shigaotang originated from the Treatise on Febrile Diseases， and its ingredients included Lophatheri Herba， Gypsum Fibrosum， Pinelliae Rhizoma， Ophiopogonis Radix， Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， and Oryza sativa. The main applicable syndromes of Zhuye Shigaotang recorded in ancient books included heatstroke， cough and asthma， sores， sweat syndrome， hiccup， insomnia， malaria， headache， blood syndrome， nasosinusitis， laryngitis， etc.， involving diseases of internal medicine， surgery， gynecology， and pediatrics. Its pathogenesis was "incomplete residual heat， both Qi and Yin injuries， and stomach-Qi disharmony". The research found that Zhuye Shigaotang could also be used to treat acne， measles， and cholera， and it was especially suitable for the treatment at the later stage of epidemic diseases. Lophatheri Herba and Gypsum Fibrosum in the prescription could clear away heat and relieve vexation. Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma，Ophiopogonis Radix， Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma， and Oryza sativa could promote body fluid production and invigorate Qi. Pinelliae Rhizoma could harmonize the stomach and stop vomiting. The prescription had stable compatibility and had the effects of clearing away heat， relieving vexation， invigorating Qi， promoting body fluid production， and harmonizing the stomach. Zhuye Shigaotang was widely applied in modern clinical practices， with high application frequency in the digestive system， pediatric-related diseases， respiratory system， infectious diseases， circulatory system， and neuropsychiatric system. The specific symptoms included recurrent aphtha， hiccup， infantile pneumonia， infantile summer fever， unexplained fever， upper respiratory tract infection， epidemic hemorrhagic fever， and late measles.

Liver cancer has always been a threat to national health since liver disease has a high incidence rate in China. At present, methods for the prevention and treatment of liver cancer have unsatisfactory effects in clinical practice, and with in-depth studies, scholars have changed their focus to cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in tumor microenvironment. More and more evidence has shown that CAFs may provide a new target for the prevention and treatment of liver cancer. This article summarizes the role of CAFs in the development and progression of liver cancer and the potential of CAFs in the treatment of liver cancer.

As a novel form of programmed cell death different from cell necrosis, apoptosis, and autophagy discovered in recent years, pyroptosis is characterized by cell membrane rupture and release of cell contents and proinflammatory factors mediated by gasdermin, thus leading to cell death. Pyroptosis signaling pathways can be classified into classical pathways dependent on caspase-1 and non-classical pathways dependent on caspase-4/5/11; the activation of caspase-1 in classical pathways depends on the function of inflammasome, while the direct activation of caspase-4/5/11 is observed in non-classical pathways, which leads to the lysis of gasdermin D and induce the formation of membrane pores, the maturation and release of interleukin-1β and interleukin-18, and the rupture of cell membrane to cause pyroptosis. Latest research has shown that pyroptosis plays an important role in the development and progression of chronic liver diseases. This article introduces the mechanism of pyroptosis and summarizes the role of pyroptosis in the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, viral hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, in order to provide new ideas and methods for the prevention and treatment of liver diseases in clinical practice.

Objective :To analyze correlation among fasting (FBL) and postprandial blood lipids (PBL) ,blood lipid fluctuation (absolute value of PBL‐FBL) and severity of coronary artery disease .Methods :Cross‐sectional study was performed among 264 patients undergoing coronary angiography (CAG) in our hospital .According to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or not based on CAG results ,patients were divided into plaque group (n＝128) and PCI group (n＝136).Gensini score was used to assess severity of coronary artery disease .Blood lipid levels and its fluctu‐ation were compared between two groups .Correlation among blood lipid levels ,blood lipid fluctuation and severity of coronary artery disease were analyzed .Results :Compared with plaque group ,there were significant rise in per‐centages of men and smokers ,waist circumference ,levels of postprandial‐fasting (P‐F ) serum LDL‐C (ΔLDL‐C ) and P‐F plasma apolipoprotein B (ΔApoB ) , and significant reduction in plasma level of P‐F apolipoprotein A1 (ΔApoA1) in PCI group , P＜0. 05 or ＜ 0. 01. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that serum fasting and post‐prandial HDL‐C levels ,plasma fasting and postprandial levels of ApoA1 and ΔApoA1 were significant inversely cor‐related with Gensini score ( r＝ －0. 130～ －0.218 , P＜0. 05 or ＜0. 01) ,and levels of plasma fasting lipoprotein a (Lp (a)) ,serum fasting and postprandial levels of free fatty acid (FFA) ,serum P‐F FFA (Δ FFA) were significant positively correlated with Gensini score ( r＝0. 139－0. 176 , P＜0.05 or ＜0.01).Multifactor linear regression anal‐ysis indicated that postprandial serum HDL‐C was protective factor for Gensini score (B＝ －22.274 , P＝0.002 ) , while postprandial serum FFA ,Δ FFA ,waist circumference and hyperlipidemia history were its influencing factors (B＝0. 388～24. 135 , P＜0. 05 or ＜0.01).Conclusion :Measurements of fasting and postprandial blood lipid levels and their fluctuation contribute to more comprehensively and objectively assessing blood lipid levels and severity of coronary disease in patients with coronary artery disease .