Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of color Doppler ultrasound of neck vessels combined with head and neck CT angiography (CTA) in detecting carotid artery stenosis among patients with stroke. Methods A total of 104 patients with stroke admitted to the hospital between January 2023 and November 2024 were enrolled. All patients underwent color Doppler ultrasound of neck vessels and head and neck CTA, with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) used as the gold standard. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to analyze the diagnostic performance of each modality alone and in combination for detecting carotid artery stenosis in patients with stroke. Results According to the DSA results, among the 104 patients, 7 were normal, while 47, 16, 25, and 9 cases showed mild, moderate, and severe stenosis and occlusion, respectively. Color Doppler ultrasound results showed 6 normal cases, and 45, 20, 23, and 10 cases of mild, moderate, and severe stenosis and occlusion, respectively. Using DSA as the gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity and kappa value for diagnosing carotid artery stenosis were 98.97%, 85.71% and 0.848, respectively. Head and neck CTA results showed 5 normal cases, and 47, 19, 22, and 9 cases of mild, moderate, and severe stenosis and occlusion, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity and kappa value of head and neck CTA for diagnosing carotid artery stenosis were 100.00%, 71.43% and 0.823, respectively. The combined examination results showed that among the 104 patients, there were 7 normal cases, and 46, 18, 24, and 9 cases of mild, moderate, and severe stenosis and occlusion, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity and kappa value of the combined diagnosis were 100.00%, 100.00% and 1.000, respectively. In the ROC analysis, the areas under the curves of color Doppler ultrasound, head and neck CTA, and the combined method were 0.968, 0.934, and 1.000, respectively, with no significant difference among the three ROC curves (Z = 1.017, 0.994, 1.527, respectively, P = 0.309, 0.320, 0.167, respectively). Conclusion Color Doppler ultrasound of neck vessels combined with head and neck CTA shows good consistency with DSA in diagnosing carotid artery stenosis and its severity among patients with stroke. This combined method demonstrates high diagnostic performance, making it worthy of clinical application and promotion.

Objective To investigate the effects of β-caryophyllene(BCP)on the browning of white adipose tissue in obese mice and the related mechanisms.Methods An obese mouse model was established via intraperitoneal injection of a high-fat diet supplemented with propylthiouracil saline solution[14.4 mg/(kg·d)]in male Kun-ming mice.Obesity model mice were randomly divided into a model group(Model group)and a BCP administra-tion group(BCP-50 group);normal diet mice were set up as a control group(Control group),with 8 mice in each group.BCP administration was given by gavage at a dose of 50 mg/kg once in the morning and once in the evening in the BCP-administered group,while the rest of the group was administered by gavage with aqueous solution of Tween 80 for 4 weeks.The oral glucose tolerance test was performed at the end of 4-week administration,and mice were executed after overnight fasting at the end of the experiment,and blood samples and adipose tissues were rap-idly collected for subsequent experimental tests.The kit was used to detect serological-related indexes;hematoxy-lin-eosin staining was conducted to observe the morphology of adipose tissue;immunohistochemical staining was carried out to observe the expression of uncoupling protein 1(UCP1)in adipose tissue;Western blot was employed to detect expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator1-α(PGC1α),peroxisome prolifera-tor-activated receptor γ(PPARγ),UCP1 and cannabinoid receptor 2(CNR2)proteins in epididymal white adi-pose(eWAT).Results Compared with the model group,the body mass of obese mice in the BCP-50 group was significantly reduced(P＜0.05),food intake was decreased(P＜0.01),insulin resistance was improved(P＜0.000 1),and the serum content of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and nonesterified fatty acid(NE-FA)in the obese mice was significantly reduced(P＜0.000 1 and P＜0.01).Total cholesterol(TC),triglycer-ide(TG),and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)contents did not change significantly.In addition,the adiposity coefficient and eWAT specific gravity of obese mice in the BCP-50 group were significantly decreased(P＜0.05);the adipocytes in eWAT and BAT were reduced;and the expression of the UCP1 protein was signifi-cantly elevated(P＜0.01 and P＜0.05).In addition to UCP1,the expression levels of PGC1α,PPARγ,and CNR2 proteins in the eWAT of obese mice in the BCP-50 group were also significantly elevated(P＜0.01,P＜0.05,and P＜0.001).Conclusion β-caryophyllene promotes white adipose tissue browning through up-regula-ting PPARγ/PGC-1α/UCP1 pathway expression,thus improving obesity.

Objective To investigate the effects of β-caryophyllene(BCP)on the browning of white adipose tissue in obese mice and the related mechanisms.Methods An obese mouse model was established via intraperitoneal injection of a high-fat diet supplemented with propylthiouracil saline solution[14.4 mg/(kg·d)]in male Kun-ming mice.Obesity model mice were randomly divided into a model group(Model group)and a BCP administra-tion group(BCP-50 group);normal diet mice were set up as a control group(Control group),with 8 mice in each group.BCP administration was given by gavage at a dose of 50 mg/kg once in the morning and once in the evening in the BCP-administered group,while the rest of the group was administered by gavage with aqueous solution of Tween 80 for 4 weeks.The oral glucose tolerance test was performed at the end of 4-week administration,and mice were executed after overnight fasting at the end of the experiment,and blood samples and adipose tissues were rap-idly collected for subsequent experimental tests.The kit was used to detect serological-related indexes;hematoxy-lin-eosin staining was conducted to observe the morphology of adipose tissue;immunohistochemical staining was carried out to observe the expression of uncoupling protein 1(UCP1)in adipose tissue;Western blot was employed to detect expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator1-α(PGC1α),peroxisome prolifera-tor-activated receptor γ(PPARγ),UCP1 and cannabinoid receptor 2(CNR2)proteins in epididymal white adi-pose(eWAT).Results Compared with the model group,the body mass of obese mice in the BCP-50 group was significantly reduced(P＜0.05),food intake was decreased(P＜0.01),insulin resistance was improved(P＜0.000 1),and the serum content of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and nonesterified fatty acid(NE-FA)in the obese mice was significantly reduced(P＜0.000 1 and P＜0.01).Total cholesterol(TC),triglycer-ide(TG),and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)contents did not change significantly.In addition,the adiposity coefficient and eWAT specific gravity of obese mice in the BCP-50 group were significantly decreased(P＜0.05);the adipocytes in eWAT and BAT were reduced;and the expression of the UCP1 protein was signifi-cantly elevated(P＜0.01 and P＜0.05).In addition to UCP1,the expression levels of PGC1α,PPARγ,and CNR2 proteins in the eWAT of obese mice in the BCP-50 group were also significantly elevated(P＜0.01,P＜0.05,and P＜0.001).Conclusion β-caryophyllene promotes white adipose tissue browning through up-regula-ting PPARγ/PGC-1α/UCP1 pathway expression,thus improving obesity.

Objective: To investigate the effects of β-caryophyllene(BCP) on the browning of white adipose tissue in obese mice and the related mechanisms. Methods: An obese mouse model was establishedviaintraperitoneal injection of a high-fat diet supplemented with propylthiouracil saline solution [14.4 mg/(kg·d)] in male Kunming mice. Obesity model mice were randomly divided into a model group(Model group) and a BCP administration group(BCP-50 group); normal diet mice were set up as a control group(Control group), with 8 mice in each group. BCP administration was given by gavage at a dose of 50 mg/kg once in the morning and once in the evening in the BCP-administered group, while the rest of the group was administered by gavage with aqueous solution of Tween 80 for 4 weeks. The oral glucose tolerance test was performed at the end of 4-week administration, and mice were executed after overnight fasting at the end of the experiment, and blood samples and adipose tissues were rapidly collected for subsequent experimental tests. The kit was used to detect serological-related indexes; hematoxylin-eosin staining was conducted to observe the morphology of adipose tissue; immunohistochemical staining was carried out to observe the expression of uncoupling protein 1(UCP1) in adipose tissue; Western blot was employed to detect expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator1-α(PGC1α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ(PPARγ), UCP1 and cannabinoid receptor 2(CNR2) proteins in epididymal white adipose(eWAT). Results: Compared with the model group, the body mass of obese mice in the BCP-50 group was significantly reduced(P<0.05), food intake was decreased(P<0.01), insulin resistance was improved(P<0.000 1), and the serum content of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) and nonesterified fatty acid(NEFA) in the obese mice was significantly reduced(P<0.000 1 andP<0.01). Total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) contents did not change significantly. In addition, the adiposity coefficient and eWAT specific gravity of obese mice in the BCP-50 group were significantly decreased(P<0.05); the adipocytes in eWAT and BAT were reduced; and the expression of the UCP1 protein was significantly elevated(P<0.01 andP<0.05). In addition to UCP1, the expression levels of PGC1α, PPARγ, and CNR2 proteins in the eWAT of obese mice in the BCP-50 group were also significantly elevated(P<0.01,P<0.05, andP<0.001). Conclusion β-caryophyllene promotes white adipose tissue browning through up-regulating PPARγ/PGC-1α/UCP1 pathway expression, thus improving obesity.

Objective To investigate the effects of β-caryophyllene(BCP)on the browning of white adipose tissue in obese mice and the related mechanisms.Methods An obese mouse model was established via intraperitoneal injection of a high-fat diet supplemented with propylthiouracil saline solution[14.4 mg/(kg·d)]in male Kun-ming mice.Obesity model mice were randomly divided into a model group(Model group)and a BCP administra-tion group(BCP-50 group);normal diet mice were set up as a control group(Control group),with 8 mice in each group.BCP administration was given by gavage at a dose of 50 mg/kg once in the morning and once in the evening in the BCP-administered group,while the rest of the group was administered by gavage with aqueous solution of Tween 80 for 4 weeks.The oral glucose tolerance test was performed at the end of 4-week administration,and mice were executed after overnight fasting at the end of the experiment,and blood samples and adipose tissues were rap-idly collected for subsequent experimental tests.The kit was used to detect serological-related indexes;hematoxy-lin-eosin staining was conducted to observe the morphology of adipose tissue;immunohistochemical staining was carried out to observe the expression of uncoupling protein 1(UCP1)in adipose tissue;Western blot was employed to detect expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator1-α(PGC1α),peroxisome prolifera-tor-activated receptor γ(PPARγ),UCP1 and cannabinoid receptor 2(CNR2)proteins in epididymal white adi-pose(eWAT).Results Compared with the model group,the body mass of obese mice in the BCP-50 group was significantly reduced(P＜0.05),food intake was decreased(P＜0.01),insulin resistance was improved(P＜0.000 1),and the serum content of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and nonesterified fatty acid(NE-FA)in the obese mice was significantly reduced(P＜0.000 1 and P＜0.01).Total cholesterol(TC),triglycer-ide(TG),and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)contents did not change significantly.In addition,the adiposity coefficient and eWAT specific gravity of obese mice in the BCP-50 group were significantly decreased(P＜0.05);the adipocytes in eWAT and BAT were reduced;and the expression of the UCP1 protein was signifi-cantly elevated(P＜0.01 and P＜0.05).In addition to UCP1,the expression levels of PGC1α,PPARγ,and CNR2 proteins in the eWAT of obese mice in the BCP-50 group were also significantly elevated(P＜0.01,P＜0.05,and P＜0.001).Conclusion β-caryophyllene promotes white adipose tissue browning through up-regula-ting PPARγ/PGC-1α/UCP1 pathway expression,thus improving obesity.

Objective To investigate the effects of β-caryophyllene(BCP)on the browning of white adipose tissue in obese mice and the related mechanisms.Methods An obese mouse model was established via intraperitoneal injection of a high-fat diet supplemented with propylthiouracil saline solution[14.4 mg/(kg·d)]in male Kun-ming mice.Obesity model mice were randomly divided into a model group(Model group)and a BCP administra-tion group(BCP-50 group);normal diet mice were set up as a control group(Control group),with 8 mice in each group.BCP administration was given by gavage at a dose of 50 mg/kg once in the morning and once in the evening in the BCP-administered group,while the rest of the group was administered by gavage with aqueous solution of Tween 80 for 4 weeks.The oral glucose tolerance test was performed at the end of 4-week administration,and mice were executed after overnight fasting at the end of the experiment,and blood samples and adipose tissues were rap-idly collected for subsequent experimental tests.The kit was used to detect serological-related indexes;hematoxy-lin-eosin staining was conducted to observe the morphology of adipose tissue;immunohistochemical staining was carried out to observe the expression of uncoupling protein 1(UCP1)in adipose tissue;Western blot was employed to detect expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator1-α(PGC1α),peroxisome prolifera-tor-activated receptor γ(PPARγ),UCP1 and cannabinoid receptor 2(CNR2)proteins in epididymal white adi-pose(eWAT).Results Compared with the model group,the body mass of obese mice in the BCP-50 group was significantly reduced(P＜0.05),food intake was decreased(P＜0.01),insulin resistance was improved(P＜0.000 1),and the serum content of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and nonesterified fatty acid(NE-FA)in the obese mice was significantly reduced(P＜0.000 1 and P＜0.01).Total cholesterol(TC),triglycer-ide(TG),and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)contents did not change significantly.In addition,the adiposity coefficient and eWAT specific gravity of obese mice in the BCP-50 group were significantly decreased(P＜0.05);the adipocytes in eWAT and BAT were reduced;and the expression of the UCP1 protein was signifi-cantly elevated(P＜0.01 and P＜0.05).In addition to UCP1,the expression levels of PGC1α,PPARγ,and CNR2 proteins in the eWAT of obese mice in the BCP-50 group were also significantly elevated(P＜0.01,P＜0.05,and P＜0.001).Conclusion β-caryophyllene promotes white adipose tissue browning through up-regula-ting PPARγ/PGC-1α/UCP1 pathway expression,thus improving obesity.

Objective To investigate the effects of β-caryophyllene(BCP)on the browning of white adipose tissue in obese mice and the related mechanisms.Methods An obese mouse model was established via intraperitoneal injection of a high-fat diet supplemented with propylthiouracil saline solution[14.4 mg/(kg·d)]in male Kun-ming mice.Obesity model mice were randomly divided into a model group(Model group)and a BCP administra-tion group(BCP-50 group);normal diet mice were set up as a control group(Control group),with 8 mice in each group.BCP administration was given by gavage at a dose of 50 mg/kg once in the morning and once in the evening in the BCP-administered group,while the rest of the group was administered by gavage with aqueous solution of Tween 80 for 4 weeks.The oral glucose tolerance test was performed at the end of 4-week administration,and mice were executed after overnight fasting at the end of the experiment,and blood samples and adipose tissues were rap-idly collected for subsequent experimental tests.The kit was used to detect serological-related indexes;hematoxy-lin-eosin staining was conducted to observe the morphology of adipose tissue;immunohistochemical staining was carried out to observe the expression of uncoupling protein 1(UCP1)in adipose tissue;Western blot was employed to detect expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator1-α(PGC1α),peroxisome prolifera-tor-activated receptor γ(PPARγ),UCP1 and cannabinoid receptor 2(CNR2)proteins in epididymal white adi-pose(eWAT).Results Compared with the model group,the body mass of obese mice in the BCP-50 group was significantly reduced(P＜0.05),food intake was decreased(P＜0.01),insulin resistance was improved(P＜0.000 1),and the serum content of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and nonesterified fatty acid(NE-FA)in the obese mice was significantly reduced(P＜0.000 1 and P＜0.01).Total cholesterol(TC),triglycer-ide(TG),and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)contents did not change significantly.In addition,the adiposity coefficient and eWAT specific gravity of obese mice in the BCP-50 group were significantly decreased(P＜0.05);the adipocytes in eWAT and BAT were reduced;and the expression of the UCP1 protein was signifi-cantly elevated(P＜0.01 and P＜0.05).In addition to UCP1,the expression levels of PGC1α,PPARγ,and CNR2 proteins in the eWAT of obese mice in the BCP-50 group were also significantly elevated(P＜0.01,P＜0.05,and P＜0.001).Conclusion β-caryophyllene promotes white adipose tissue browning through up-regula-ting PPARγ/PGC-1α/UCP1 pathway expression,thus improving obesity.

Objective To investigate the effects of β-caryophyllene(BCP)on the browning of white adipose tissue in obese mice and the related mechanisms.Methods An obese mouse model was established via intraperitoneal injection of a high-fat diet supplemented with propylthiouracil saline solution[14.4 mg/(kg·d)]in male Kun-ming mice.Obesity model mice were randomly divided into a model group(Model group)and a BCP administra-tion group(BCP-50 group);normal diet mice were set up as a control group(Control group),with 8 mice in each group.BCP administration was given by gavage at a dose of 50 mg/kg once in the morning and once in the evening in the BCP-administered group,while the rest of the group was administered by gavage with aqueous solution of Tween 80 for 4 weeks.The oral glucose tolerance test was performed at the end of 4-week administration,and mice were executed after overnight fasting at the end of the experiment,and blood samples and adipose tissues were rap-idly collected for subsequent experimental tests.The kit was used to detect serological-related indexes;hematoxy-lin-eosin staining was conducted to observe the morphology of adipose tissue;immunohistochemical staining was carried out to observe the expression of uncoupling protein 1(UCP1)in adipose tissue;Western blot was employed to detect expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator1-α(PGC1α),peroxisome prolifera-tor-activated receptor γ(PPARγ),UCP1 and cannabinoid receptor 2(CNR2)proteins in epididymal white adi-pose(eWAT).Results Compared with the model group,the body mass of obese mice in the BCP-50 group was significantly reduced(P＜0.05),food intake was decreased(P＜0.01),insulin resistance was improved(P＜0.000 1),and the serum content of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and nonesterified fatty acid(NE-FA)in the obese mice was significantly reduced(P＜0.000 1 and P＜0.01).Total cholesterol(TC),triglycer-ide(TG),and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)contents did not change significantly.In addition,the adiposity coefficient and eWAT specific gravity of obese mice in the BCP-50 group were significantly decreased(P＜0.05);the adipocytes in eWAT and BAT were reduced;and the expression of the UCP1 protein was signifi-cantly elevated(P＜0.01 and P＜0.05).In addition to UCP1,the expression levels of PGC1α,PPARγ,and CNR2 proteins in the eWAT of obese mice in the BCP-50 group were also significantly elevated(P＜0.01,P＜0.05,and P＜0.001).Conclusion β-caryophyllene promotes white adipose tissue browning through up-regula-ting PPARγ/PGC-1α/UCP1 pathway expression,thus improving obesity.

Objective To investigate the effects of β-caryophyllene(BCP)on the browning of white adipose tissue in obese mice and the related mechanisms.Methods An obese mouse model was established via intraperitoneal injection of a high-fat diet supplemented with propylthiouracil saline solution[14.4 mg/(kg·d)]in male Kun-ming mice.Obesity model mice were randomly divided into a model group(Model group)and a BCP administra-tion group(BCP-50 group);normal diet mice were set up as a control group(Control group),with 8 mice in each group.BCP administration was given by gavage at a dose of 50 mg/kg once in the morning and once in the evening in the BCP-administered group,while the rest of the group was administered by gavage with aqueous solution of Tween 80 for 4 weeks.The oral glucose tolerance test was performed at the end of 4-week administration,and mice were executed after overnight fasting at the end of the experiment,and blood samples and adipose tissues were rap-idly collected for subsequent experimental tests.The kit was used to detect serological-related indexes;hematoxy-lin-eosin staining was conducted to observe the morphology of adipose tissue;immunohistochemical staining was carried out to observe the expression of uncoupling protein 1(UCP1)in adipose tissue;Western blot was employed to detect expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator1-α(PGC1α),peroxisome prolifera-tor-activated receptor γ(PPARγ),UCP1 and cannabinoid receptor 2(CNR2)proteins in epididymal white adi-pose(eWAT).Results Compared with the model group,the body mass of obese mice in the BCP-50 group was significantly reduced(P＜0.05),food intake was decreased(P＜0.01),insulin resistance was improved(P＜0.000 1),and the serum content of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and nonesterified fatty acid(NE-FA)in the obese mice was significantly reduced(P＜0.000 1 and P＜0.01).Total cholesterol(TC),triglycer-ide(TG),and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)contents did not change significantly.In addition,the adiposity coefficient and eWAT specific gravity of obese mice in the BCP-50 group were significantly decreased(P＜0.05);the adipocytes in eWAT and BAT were reduced;and the expression of the UCP1 protein was signifi-cantly elevated(P＜0.01 and P＜0.05).In addition to UCP1,the expression levels of PGC1α,PPARγ,and CNR2 proteins in the eWAT of obese mice in the BCP-50 group were also significantly elevated(P＜0.01,P＜0.05,and P＜0.001).Conclusion β-caryophyllene promotes white adipose tissue browning through up-regula-ting PPARγ/PGC-1α/UCP1 pathway expression,thus improving obesity.

Objective:To investigate the pollution levels and influencing factors of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in household dust in five cities in northern China.Methods:Based on the "Chinese Indoor Environment and Health Surveillance" project carried out by the National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2018-2019, during the warm season (April 2018 to September 2018) and the cold season (November 2018 to March 2019), Lanzhou in Northwest China, Shijiazhuang in North China, Panjin in Northeast China, Luoyang in Central China, and Qingdao in East China were selected as the research sites. A total of 87 families were recruited to study residences in real-life scenarios. At the same time, dust samples were collected to detect the concentration of PBDEs. The level of household environmental indicators was measured, and the residential building characteristics and family behavior habits were collected through questionnaires. A total of 142 valid dust samples and 140 valid questionnaires were obtained. The differences in PBDE concentrations across seasons, wind zones, residential building characteristics, and family habits were analyzed. The exploratory factor analysis was performed to investigate the possible sources of PBDEs, and multivariate linear regression was used to explore the factors influencing PBDEs in household dust.Results:The M ( Q1,Q3) of total PBDE concentrations in 142 household dust samples in five cities was 144.51 (106.61, 222.65) ng/g in the warm season and 145.10 (98.57, 180.65) ng/g in the cold season, respectively. There were seasonal differences in the concentration of ∑ 12PBDEs in Luoyang and Shijiazhuang ( P<0.01). The concentration of BDE-71 was highest among PBDE homologues, followed by BDE-66 and BDE-47. Three factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis in the warm season, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 67.90%. The multivariate linear regression showed that the house completion less than ten years [ β (95% CI): 0.186 (0.013, 0.359)], infrequent home cooking [ β (95% CI):-0.342 (-0.570, -0.114)], and increased residential PM 10 concentration [ β (95% CI): 0.001 (0.000, 0.002)] during the warm season, as well as the house far from driveway [ β (95% CI): 0.093 (0.013, 0.172)], house area less than 90 m 2 [ β (95% CI):-0.138 (-0.264, -0.013)], and lower residential xylene concentration [ β (95% CI):-0.006 (-0.011, -0.001)] during the cold season might be related to the elevated concentrations of ∑ 12PBDEs in household dust. Conclusion:The pollution of PBDEs in household dust in five northern cities is at a medium to high level. Years of house completion, frequency of cooking at home, residential PM 10 concentration, distance from house to driveway, house area, and residential xylene concentration may influence household PBDE concentrations.