Objective To investigate the results of ambulatory electrocardiographic(ECG)monitoring in a community-based homebound elderly population and to explore the applicability of wearable long-range ambulatory ECG monitor for them.Methods Elderly volunteers were recruited in Shuangbei Community,Shapingba District,Chongqing,from November 2021 to June 2023.A single-lead wearable ambulatory ECG recorder was applied to them to obtain ECG for 7 consecutive days.The adverse reactions,acceptability,monitoring duration,and arrhythmia detection rate during the wearing were described and recorded.Serious arrhythmic events included frequent atrial premature,atrial flutter,atrial fibrillation(AF),frequent ventricular premature,and RR intervals ≥5 s.Results There were 416 individuals enrolled,with a mean age of 71.2±6.6 years,and a male percentage of 36.1％(150 men).Finally,384(92.3％)participants completed the wearing of the ECG monitor for 7 d,with an average time of 159.2±29.4 h.There were 179 participants(48.5％)reporting no discomfort during wearing,and 175 ones(47.4％)feeling itchy at the wearing site.The monitoring results showed that the common arrhythmias were atrial premature contractions(97.1％),premature ventricular contractions(93.3％),atrial tachycardia(84.6％),bradycardia(46.6％),frequent atrial premature contractions(15.1％),ventricular tachycardia(13.2％),and long RR interval(11.8％).Among them,29.1％of the participants experienced serious arrhythmic events,and the detection rate of certain serious arrhythmic events was comparatively higher in the individuals≥70 years of age and those with history of previous cardiac disease.Conclusion The detection rate of common arrhythmias is quite high in the community-based homebound elderly population.A 7-day long-range ambulatory ECG monitoring may be appropriate.

Objective To analyze and construct systolic blood pressure(SBP)fluctuation trajectory in a community population with hypertension and to analyze the factors influencing different trajectories.Methods This is a community-based retrospective cohort study.A latent class trajectory model was used to identify and construct longitudinal trajectories of blood pressure change.Multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the associated factors of blood pressure trajectories by adjusting for different confounders.Potential confounding factors were identified using a directed acyclic graph based on a priori knowledge.Results A total of 793 patients with hypertension were enrolled in the analysis.They were divided into 3 groups by LCTM-fitted systolic blood pressure trajectories,namely stable low-level group(n=561,70.74％),declining group(n=170,21.44％)and rising group(n=62,7.82％).Significant differences were observed among the 3 trajectories groups in terms of age,frequency of exercise,ways of follow-up,salt intake,compliance behavior,and referral(P＜0.05).Compared to the stable low-level group and adjusting for corresponding confounding factors,the male patients and the patients with"outpatient follow-up"were more likely to be classified into"declining group",with OR and 95％CI of 1.436(1.016～2.030)and 1.702(1.202～2.410),respectively.The participants aged ≥ 65 years,who did not exercise or occasionally exercised,and had moderate and severe salt intake,were more likely to be classified into the"rising group"(OR=1.949,2.284,2.433,4.540,95％CI:1.145～3.317,1.305～3.998,1.272～4.654,1.291～15.963).Conclusion SBP trajectories in community-dwelling hypertensive population can be divided into stable low-level,declining and rising groups.Gender,age,salt intake,exercise frequency,and follow-up methods may be influencing factors for SBP blood pressure trajectory.

Objective To investigate the molecular mechanism of taurine regulating the polarization of M2 macrophages by mitophagy. Methods THP-1 cells were divided into four groups: M0 group (THP-1 cells were treated by 100 nmol/L phorbol myristate ester for 48 hours to polarize into M0), M2 group (THP-1 cells were induced to polarize into M2 macrophages by 20 ng/mL interferon-4 (IL-4) for 48 hours), M2 combined with taurine groups (added with 40 or 80 mmol/L taurine on the basis of M2 macrophages). The mRNA expression of mannose receptor C type 1(MRC-1), C-C motif chemokine ligand 22(CCL22) and dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3 grabbing non-integrin (CD209) in M2 macrophages were detected by quantitative real-time PCR. Mitochondrial and lysosome probes were used to detect the number of mitochondria and lysosomes by multifunction microplate reader and confocal laser scanning microscope. The level of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was detected by JC-1 MMP assay kit. The expression of mitophagy-related proteins PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) were detected by Western blot analysis. Results Compared with M0 group, the expression of MRC-1, CCL22, CD209 and PINK1, the number of mitochondria and the level of MMP in M2 group were significantly increased, whereas the number of lysosomes and LC3II/LC3I ratio were decreased. Compared with M2 group, the expressions of MRC-1, CCL22 and CD209, the number of mitochondria and the level of MMP in M2 combined with taurine group dropped significantly while the number of lysosomes was found increased, and the protein expression of PINK1 and LC3II/LC3I ratio were also increased. Conclusions The polarization of M2 macrophages is regulated by taurine to prevent excessive polarization via reducing the level of MMP, improving the level of mitophagy, reducing the number of mitochondria, and inhibiting the mRNA expression of polarization markers in M2 macrophages.
Mitophagy ; Taurine ; Macrophages/metabolism* ; Protein Kinases/metabolism* ; RNA, Messenger

OBJECTIVE To study the effects of self-assembled nanoparticles from Shaoy ao gancao decoction （SGD-SAN）on the in vitro release and intestinal absorption of the main components of Glycyrrhiza uralensis . METHODS Gancao single decoction （GSD），Shaoyao single decoction （SSD），mixed suspension of Shaoyao and Gancao single decoction （MSSGD）and SGD （i.e. Shaoyao-Gancao decoction ）were prepared ，and SAN was characterized. HPLC method was adopted to determine the contents of 7 main components （liquiritin apioside ， liquiritin， isoliquiritin apioside ， isoliquiritin， liquiritigenin， glycyrrhizic acid ， isoliquiritigenin）in G. uralensis . The dialysis bag method was used to investigate the effects of the formation of SGD-SAN on in vitro release of 7 main components in G. uralensis with pH 1.2 HCl solution and pH 6.8 phosphate buffered solution （PBS）as release media. Single-pass intestinal perfusion study was performed to investigate the effects of the formation of SGD-SAN on the intestinal absorption of 7 main components from G. uralensis . RESULTS SAN with particle size of 200-300 nm and polydispersity index of 0.3-0.5 was found in GSD ，MSSGD and SGD. GSD-SAN and MSSGD-SAN were in rod shape while SGD-SAN was irregularly spherical under transmission electron microscope. The results of in vitro release study showed that the formation of SGD-SAN could significantly increase in vitro release of liquiritigenin ，isoliquiritigenin and glycyrrhizic acid ，and had no effect on other components of G. uralensis in pH 1.2 HCl solution. The formation of SGD-SAN also had no effect on the release of each component from G. uralensis in pH 6.8 PBS. The results of intestinal perfusion experiments showed that the formation of SGD-SAN could significantly promote the absorption of each component from G. uralensis in the ileum. CONCLUSIONS- The formation of SGD-SAN significantly improves the in vitro release of poorly soluble components from G. uralensis and promotes the intestinal absorption of main components from G. uralensis ，which is the physical structure basis for the compatibility and synergy of Paeonia lactiflora and G. uralensis .

Objective: Fufang Biejia Ruangan Tablet (FBRT) is widely used for the treatment of liver fibrosis. However, Hominis Placenta (HP), as an important adjuvant of FBRT, has been restricted for medicinal using due to the limited availability, ethical controversy and safety issues. The present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of novel FBRT (N-FBRT) with sheep placenta (SP) as substitute for HP on liver fibrosis and explore its possible mechanisms. Different dosages of SP in N-FBRT were also evaluated. Methods: Rats were subcutaneously injected with CCl

Background::The CHA 2DS 2–VASc score was initially applied to stratify stroke risk in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and was found to be effective in predicting all-cause mortality outcomes. To date, it is still unclear whether circulating long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as emerging biomarkers, can improve the predictive power of the CHA 2DS 2–VASc score in stroke and all-cause mortality. Methods::Candidate lncRNAs were screened by searching the literature and analyzing previous RNA sequencing results. After preliminary verification in 29 patients with AF, the final selected lncRNAs were evaluated by Cox proportional hazards regression in 192 patients to determine whether their relative expression levels were associated with stroke and all-cause mortality. The c-statistic, net reclassification improvement (NRI), and integrated discrimination improvement of the patients were calculated to evaluate the discrimination and reclassification power for stroke and all-cause mortality when adding lncRNA expression levels to the CHA 2DS 2–VASc score model. Results::Five plasma lncRNAs associated with stroke and all-cause mortality in AF patients were selected in our screening process. Patients with elevated H19 levels were found to have a higher risk of stroke (hazard ratio [HR] 3.264, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.364–7.813, P = 0.008). Adding the H19 expression level to the CHA 2DS 2–VASc score significantly improved the discrimination and reclassification power of the CHA 2DS 2–VASc score for stroke in AF patients. In addition, the H19 level showed a marginally significant association with all-cause mortality (HR 2.263, 95% CI: 0.889–5.760, P = 0.087), although it appeared to have no significant improvement for the CHA 2DS 2–VASc model for predicting all-cause mortality. Conclusions::Plasma expression of H19 was associated with stroke risk in AF patients and improved the discriminatory power of the CHA 2DS 2–VASc score. Therefore, lncRNA H19 served as an emerging non-invasive biomarker for stroke risk prediction in patients with AF.

In this study, self-discriminating hybrid nanocrystals was utilized to explore the biological fate of quercetin hybrid nanocrystals (QT-HNCs) with diameter around 280 nm (QT-HNCs-280) and 550 nm (QT-HNCs-550) following oral and intravenous administration and the contribution of integral nanocrystals to oral bioavailability enhancement of QT was estimated by comparing the absolute exposure of integral QT-HNCs and total QT in the liver. Results showed that QT-HNCs could reside

Objective:To investigate relationships between fear of disease progression, invasive rumination, active rumination and post-traumatic growth in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) , so as to provide reference for carrying out physical and mental care in clinical nursing and improve the mental health level of patients with chronic kidney disease.Methods:From September 2019 to February 2020, 204 patients with stage 1 to 5 CKD were selected from Department of Nephrology in the Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital by convenient sampling. They were investigated using a general data survey, the Short Form of the Fear of Progression Questionnaire (FoP-Q-SF) , Event Related Rumination Inventory (ERRI) and Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) . Pearson product-moment correlation was used to analyze the correlations between fear of disease progression, ruminant thinking and post-traumatic growth. PROCESS 3.0 plug-in was used to analyze the mediating effect of the data, and Boopstrap was used to test the mediating effect.Results:The total scores of fears of disease progression, invasive rumination, active rumination and post-traumatic growth for CKD patients were respectively (29.40±11.85) , (21.17±8.37) , (23.54±8.44) and (51.68±27.18) . The results of correlation analysis showed that fear of disease progression, invasive rumination, and active rumination were positively correlated with post-traumatic growth ( P<0.01) . Analysis of mediating effect results showed that fear of disease progression could not directly affect post-traumatic growth of patients, but the chain mediating effect of invasive rumination and active rumination had an effect on post-traumatic growth of patients. And the chain mediating effect of invasive rumination and active rumination was statistically significant, which played a complete mediating effect. Conclusions:Fear of disease progression can indirectly affect post-traumatic growth through the chain mediating effect of invasive rumination and active rumination. Maintaining a moderate fear of disease progression and a reflective attitude is conducive to post-traumatic growth.

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of crystal form on in vivo and in vitro behavior of Astilbin nanosuspensions （AT-NS）. METHODS： AT-NS1 and AT-NS2 were prepared by precipitation method and miniaturized media milling method respectively. The particle size and polydispersity index （PDI） were determined by laser particle size analyzer. X-ray diffraction （XRD）， scanning electron microscopy （SEM）， HPLC and paddle method were used to analyze and compare the structure characteristics， appearance morphology and in vitro dissolution of AT raw material， AT-NS1 and AT-NS2. Totally 15 healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into AT raw material， AT-NS1 and AT-NS2 group， with 5 rats in each group. They were given relevant medicine suspension 120 mg/kg （using water as solvent） intragastrically； blood samples  were collected from orbit before medication （0 min） and 5， 10， 20， 30， 60， 120， 240， 480 min after medication. Using rutin as internal standard， HPLC method was used to determine plasma concentration of AT in rats. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by using DAS 2.0 software and then compared. RESULTS： The particle sizes of AT-NS1 and AT-NS2 were （212.48±0.32） nm and （226.36±2.29） nm， respectively； PDI were 0.129 3±0.026 3 and 0.254 7±0.012 4. XRD analysis showed AT-NS1 was amorphous， and AT-NS2 was crystalline. Diffraction peaks of both were different from those of AT raw material. SEM analysis showed that AT-NS1 and AT-NS2 were similar in morphology， and they were spherical and uniform in size； AT raw material was lump with large particle size and different sizes. Results of dissolution tests showed that accumulative dissolution of AT raw material， AT-NS1 and AT-NS2 were 4.54％， 35.01％， 12.22％ at 1 h； accumulative dissolution of them were 24.01％， 81.14％， 64.69％ at 12 h； accumulative dissolution of them were 36.04％， 84.47％， 85.86％ at 24 h， respectively. Results of pharmacokinetic study showed， compared with AT raw material group， cmax and AUC0-∞ of AT-NS1 and AT-NS2 groups as well as t1/2z of AT-NS1 group were increased significantly， while tmax of AT-NS1 group was significantly reduced significantly （P＜0.05）. Compared with AT-NS2 goup， cmax， AUC0-∞ and t1/2z of AT-NS1 group were increased significantly， while tmax was reduced significantly （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS： When AT is prepared into NS， dissolution in vitro and oral absorption in vivo of AT are increased significantly. In a short time， the dissolution/absorption of amorphous NS is faster than crystalline NS.

Objective To observe the changes of irisin in patients before and after hemodialysis (HD),as well as the differentiation of irisin change in patients with diabetes mellitus and protein energy waste.Methods Clinical parameters of patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD)in Shanxi People's Hospital from September 2016 to November 2016 were collected.A total of 33 cases were enrolled——14 cases of diabetic MHD group and 19 cases of non-diabetic MHD group as divided according to etiology.Based on the presence of protein energy waste,patients were also grouped into 17 cases with and 16 cases without protein waste.Before and after HD,the non parametric test was used to compare the changes of irisin in each group.Results After HD,the irisin value of 33patients with ERSD decreased,with the difference being statistically significant [0.666(0.218,1.365) ng/L vs 0.977(0.202,1.820) ng/L,P=0.01].The difference was not statistically significant in the diabetes MHD group;statistically significant in the non diabetes group [0.666(0.178,1.351) ng/L vs 0.913(0.100,1.497) ng/L,P ＜ 0.05];and not statistically significant in the protein energy group.The irisin of diabetic MHD group and non-diabetic MHD group were compared after HD:the difference was not statistically significant.Conclusions After HD,plasma irisin levels were reduced in patients with end-stage renal disease.Diabetes and protein wasting effects are not important for irisin at HD.