Objective To explore the association between the relative expression level of SNORD55 in peripheral blood and the outcomes of all-cause mortality and stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation(AF),and to evaluate the predictive value of SNORD55 for prognosis.Methods A total of 133 patients with non-valvular AF admitted in Department of Cardiology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University from January 2014 to December 2017 were enrolled in this study.Their baseline information was collected,and the relative expression level of plasma SNORD55 was detected.Cox proportional hazards model was used to explore the association between the relative expression level of SNORD55 in peripheral blood and all-cause mortality as well as stroke in the patients.The predictive performance of CHA2DS2-VASc score for all-cause mortality and stroke was compared with the score combined with the relative expression level of SNORD55 in the AF patients.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)was utilized to evaluate the discrimination,and the net reclassification index(NRI)and comprehensive discriminant improvement index(IDI)were calculated to evaluate the improvement of reclassification ability.Decision curve analysis(DCA)was applied to analyze the change in clinical net benefit.Results The results of multivariate Cox regression showed that high expression of SNORD55 in peripheral blood was an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality and stroke in the AF patients.In predicting the outcomes of all-cause mortality and stroke,the addition of relative expression SNORD55 level with the CHA2DS2-VASc score obtained higher AUC value[0.80(95％CI:0.67～0.93)vs 0.67(95％CI:0.53～0.81),P＜0.05].In predicting the outcome of all-cause death and stroke,combination of the relative expression level of SNORD55 with CHA2DS2-VASc score increased both NRI[54.3(95％CI:10.6～61.9)vs 31.9(95％CI:2.8～47.5),P＜0.05]and IDI[16.1(95％CI:2.4～27.0)vs 7.9(95％CI:0.5～14.8),P＜0.05].The results of DCA showed that our combination of CHA2DS2-VASc score relative expression level of SNORD55 had higher clinical net benefits than the foreign ABC score in the prediction of the outcomes.Conclusion Peripheral blood SNORD55 level is an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality and stroke in AF patients,and has good predictive performance for all-cause mortality and stroke in the patients.

Objectives To explore the association of peripheral blood PIWI-interacting RNA,piR-hsa-2700592,with all-cause mortality and stroke outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation(AF),and to determine whether piR-hsa-2700592 has the potential to be an AF biomarker.Methods A total of 127 patients with non-valvular AF were enrolled,and the relative expression level of plasma piR-hsa-2700592 was detected.Cox proportional hazard regression was used to analyze the correlation between the expression of piR-hsa-2700592 and all-cause death as well as stroke outcome in the patients.Then the molecule expression level was combined with CHA2DS2-VASc score and ABC stroke(or death)score to establish 2 new prediction models,the improvement of the predictive performance was compared and analyzed.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis(area under the curve,AUC),net reclassification index(NRI),and comprehensive discriminant improvement index(IDI)were used to evaluate the predictive performance,and decision curve analysis(DCA)was employed to assess the clinical benefit.Results Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the patients with higher expression level of piR-hsa-2700592 in peripheral blood had a higher risk of stroke(HR:2.203,95%CI:1.120～4.332;P=0.022).In the stroke outcome,combination of plasma piR-hsa-2700592 expression level with CHA2DS2-VASc score and ABC stroke score obtained an AUC of 0.70(95%CI:0.55～0.85,P＜0.001)and 0.84(95%CI:0.73～0.96,P=0.02),respectively.But,no significant association was observed between high plasma piR-hsa-2700592 level and all-cause mortality in the AF patients(HR:1.997;95%CI:0.884～4.509;P=0.096).Combination of plasma piR-hsa-2700592 level improved the discriminative capability than the single CHA2DS2-VASc score and ABC stroke score models,with an NRI and IDI value of 44.20%(95%CI:3.40～59.90,P＜0.001)and 8.20%(95%CI:0.60～15.40,P＜0.001),respectively for the new CHA2DS2-VASc score model,and an NRI and IDI value of 44.20%(95%CI:9.80～58.90,P＜0.001)and 10.40%(95%CI:0.70～21.40,P＜0.001),respectively for the new ABC stroke score model.The DCA curve showed that both new prediction models obtained better net clinical benefits.Conclusion High peripheral blood expression of piR-hsa-2700592 is an independent risk factor for stroke in the AF patients,and the indicator has a good predictive value for prognosis of the patients.piR-hsa-2700592 might be used as a potential biomarker in the diagnosis and prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

Objective To investigate the results of ambulatory electrocardiographic(ECG)monitoring in a community-based homebound elderly population and to explore the applicability of wearable long-range ambulatory ECG monitor for them.Methods Elderly volunteers were recruited in Shuangbei Community,Shapingba District,Chongqing,from November 2021 to June 2023.A single-lead wearable ambulatory ECG recorder was applied to them to obtain ECG for 7 consecutive days.The adverse reactions,acceptability,monitoring duration,and arrhythmia detection rate during the wearing were described and recorded.Serious arrhythmic events included frequent atrial premature,atrial flutter,atrial fibrillation(AF),frequent ventricular premature,and RR intervals ≥5 s.Results There were 416 individuals enrolled,with a mean age of 71.2±6.6 years,and a male percentage of 36.1％(150 men).Finally,384(92.3％)participants completed the wearing of the ECG monitor for 7 d,with an average time of 159.2±29.4 h.There were 179 participants(48.5％)reporting no discomfort during wearing,and 175 ones(47.4％)feeling itchy at the wearing site.The monitoring results showed that the common arrhythmias were atrial premature contractions(97.1％),premature ventricular contractions(93.3％),atrial tachycardia(84.6％),bradycardia(46.6％),frequent atrial premature contractions(15.1％),ventricular tachycardia(13.2％),and long RR interval(11.8％).Among them,29.1％of the participants experienced serious arrhythmic events,and the detection rate of certain serious arrhythmic events was comparatively higher in the individuals≥70 years of age and those with history of previous cardiac disease.Conclusion The detection rate of common arrhythmias is quite high in the community-based homebound elderly population.A 7-day long-range ambulatory ECG monitoring may be appropriate.

Objective To analyze and construct systolic blood pressure(SBP)fluctuation trajectory in a community population with hypertension and to analyze the factors influencing different trajectories.Methods This is a community-based retrospective cohort study.A latent class trajectory model was used to identify and construct longitudinal trajectories of blood pressure change.Multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the associated factors of blood pressure trajectories by adjusting for different confounders.Potential confounding factors were identified using a directed acyclic graph based on a priori knowledge.Results A total of 793 patients with hypertension were enrolled in the analysis.They were divided into 3 groups by LCTM-fitted systolic blood pressure trajectories,namely stable low-level group(n=561,70.74％),declining group(n=170,21.44％)and rising group(n=62,7.82％).Significant differences were observed among the 3 trajectories groups in terms of age,frequency of exercise,ways of follow-up,salt intake,compliance behavior,and referral(P＜0.05).Compared to the stable low-level group and adjusting for corresponding confounding factors,the male patients and the patients with"outpatient follow-up"were more likely to be classified into"declining group",with OR and 95％CI of 1.436(1.016～2.030)and 1.702(1.202～2.410),respectively.The participants aged ≥ 65 years,who did not exercise or occasionally exercised,and had moderate and severe salt intake,were more likely to be classified into the"rising group"(OR=1.949,2.284,2.433,4.540,95％CI:1.145～3.317,1.305～3.998,1.272～4.654,1.291～15.963).Conclusion SBP trajectories in community-dwelling hypertensive population can be divided into stable low-level,declining and rising groups.Gender,age,salt intake,exercise frequency,and follow-up methods may be influencing factors for SBP blood pressure trajectory.

Objective To explore the predictive value of artificial intelligence(AI)plaque quantitative analysis combined with CT derived fractional flow reserve(CT-FFR)and pericoronary fat attenuation index(FAI)in coronary heart disease(CHD)in Qinghai.Methods A total of 118 suspected CHD patients were selected,and were divided into a stenosis group(n=76)and a non-stenosis group(n=42)based on whether their vascular stenosis rate was＞50％.The plaque volume,load,CT-FFR value,and pericoronary FAI of the two groups were measured and compared,and their predictive value in CHD was further analyzed.Results The plaque total volume,calcified and non-calcified plaque volume,lipid plaque volume,and corresponding volume load of the stenosis group were significantly higher than those of the non-stenosis group(P＜0.05),the percentage of napkin ring sign and pericoronary FAI were significantly higher than those of the non-stenosis group,and the CT-FFR was significantly lower than that of the non-stenosis group(P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis found that the volume load of calcified and lipid plaques,napkin ring sign,CT-FFR,and pericoronary FAI were independent risk factors for CHD(P＜0.05).The combination of AI plaque quantitative analysis,CT-FFR,and pericoronary FAI had high sensitivity and specificity,with high value in CHD diagnosis.Conclusion The combination of AI plaque quantitative analysis,CT-FFR,and pericoronary FAI has high value in the diagnosis of CHD,and may be worthy of clinical promotion application.

Objective To explore the application of dual-source CT derived fractional flow reserve(FFR)for percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)in patients with coronary heart disease.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 68 coronary heart disease patients admitted from January 2022 to June 2022.Whether PCI was carried out was dependent on coronary angiography in control group(n=34)and dual-source CT derived FFR in research group(n=34).The two groups were compared for general data,length of diseased blood vessels,number of stents,hospitalization expenses and incidence of adverse reactions.Results The differences in age,smoking history,diabetes,hypercholesterolemia and angina pectoris between two groups were trivial(P＞0.05).After treatment,research group had less number of stents,lower hospitalization costs,and shorter diseased blood vessels than control group(P＜0.05).The 6-month follow-up showed that the total incidences of adverse reactions in research group and control group were 17.65％and 58.82％(P＜0.05).Conclusion Using dual-source CT derived FFR to guide PCI can reduce the number of stents and hospitalization costs,and lower the incidence of cardiovascular adverse reactions.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between basal ganglia (BG) enlarged perivascular space (EPVS; BG-EPVS) and cognitive and motor longitudinal changes in patients with newly diagnosed Parkinson′s disease and its different motor subtypes [tremor dominant (TD), postural instability and gait disorder (PIGD)].Methods:A total of 131 Parkinson′s disease patients from the Parkinson Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) database were screened and their clinical data were collected at baseline, 1 year and 2 years of follow-up. The number of EPVS in different brain regions was assessed on axial T 2-weighted images by cranial imaging data, and they were divided into two groups according to the degree of EPVS: BG-EPVS- and BG-EPVS+. Parkinson′s disease patients were divided into TD and PIGD groups by Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson′s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) score, and the number and clinical data of EPVS were compared between the two groups, and the correlation between the number and degree of BG-EPVS at baseline and longitudinal changes in clinical outcome measures of Parkinson′s disease and its different motor subtypes (TD, PIGD) was analyzed. Results:BG-EPVS was positively correlated with age ( r=0.32, P<0.01), Hoehn & Yahr stage ( r=0.21, P<0.05), serum neurofilament light chain ( r=0.18, P<0.05) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale score ( r=0.20, P<0.05) in all Parkinson′s disease patients. At baseline and 2 years, the number of BG-EPVS was more in the PIGD group than in the TD group (11.0±4.2 vs 9.0±3.8, t=2.18, P=0.03; 16.3±6.7 vs 12.6±4.6 , t=2.71 , P=0.007;after correction).At baseline, more BG-EPVS in patients with Parkinson′s disease and its motor subtypes (TD, PIGD) was significantly associated with baseline motor outcomes ( β=0.66, P=0.01; β=0.64, P=0.008; β=0.91, P=0.009), but not with cognitive outcomes. By linear mixed effects model analysis, BG-EPVS numbers and moderate to severe BG-EPVS were positively correlated with motor outcomes over time in patients with Parkinson′s disease and its motor subtypes (TD, PIGD) ( β=0.51, P=0.008; β=0.59, P=0.025; β=0.80, P=0.038). After dividing BG-EPVS in Parkinson′s disease patients into different degrees, moderate to severe BG-EPVS was positively correlated with motor outcomes over time ( β=3.30, P=0.031). Conclusion:In this longitudinal study, bigger baseline BG-EPVS numbers were found to be positively associated with longitudinal changes in dyskinesia severity in Parkinson′s disease patients, not with cognitive changes, and be able to predict decline in motor function over a 2-year follow-up period.

The facultative anaerobic and strict anaerobic microorganisms enriched and acclimated during the anaerobic digestion process are crucial for the efficiency of the anaerobic digestion system. Most of the problems encountered during running anaerobic digestion processes could be effectively improved via stimulation of microbial metabolic activity. Benefited from the rapid development of microbiome techniques, deeper insights into the microbial diversity in anaerobic digestion systems, e.g. the microbe-microbe interactions and microbe-environment interactions, have been gained. A complex and intricate metabolic network exists in the anaerobic digestion system of solid organic wastes. However, little is known about these interactions and the underlying mechanisms. This review briefly summarized the representative interactions between microbial communities during anaerobic digestion process discovered to date. In addition, typical issues encountered during the anaerobic digestion of solid organic wastes and how microbes can tackle and alleviate these issues were discussed. Finally, future priorities on microbiome research were proposed based on present contribution of microbiome analysis in anaerobic digestion system.
Anaerobiosis ; Bioreactors ; Methane ; Microbial Interactions ; Microbiota ; Solid Waste

OBJECTIVE: To explore the molecular basis for a Chinese family affected with neurofibromatosis type I. METHODS: Peripheral blood samples were collected from the proband and his parents. Potential mutations of NF1 gene were screened by PCR and Sanger sequencing. Pathogenicity of candidate mutations was analyzed using Polyphen-2 and Provean software. RESULTS: Two mutations of the NF1 gene, including c.702G>A (synonymous mutation) and c.1733T>G (missense mutation), were discovered in the proband. Neither mutation was found in his parents and 50 healthy controls. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the c.1733T>G mutation (p.Leu578Arg) was probably damaging. The affected codon L578 is highly conserved across various species. CONCLUSION The c.1733T>C mutation of the NF1 gene probably underlies the neurofibromatosis type I in this family.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Genes, Neurofibromatosis 1 ; Humans ; Mutation ; Neurofibromatosis 1 ; genetics ; Neurofibromin 1 ; genetics ; Pedigree

To know about the cesarean section rate and the changes of the indications for cesarean section in Changsha from 2008 to 2017, and to provide scientific basis for decreasing the cesarean section rate.
 Methods: We collected the clinical data of deliveries in a general hospital in Changsha from January 2008 to December 2017, and analyzed the cesarean section rate, the changes of the indications for cesarean section and the influential factors. 
 Results: The cesarean section rate in this hospital was 50.0% from 2008 to 2017, and the cesarean section due to social factors showed a decreasing trend year by year. Multiple-factor analysis of the cesarean section shows that advanced age, multi-parous pregnancy, gravida (≥4 times), abnormal fetal position and heavy fetus weight were dangerous factors, and the multipara was a protective factor.
 Conclusion: The cesarean section rate in a general hospital in Changsha is at a high level, and there are many factors affecting cesarean section. It is necessary to optimize the strategies and measures to reduce the cesarean section rate, and to control the cesarean section rate in a reasonable range.
Cesarean Section ; Delivery, Obstetric ; Female ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies