OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 （PD-1/PD-L1） inhibitors combined with bevacizumab in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC） based on platinum- containing dual therapy. METHODS Retrieved from CNKI， Wanfang， VIP， Web of Science， PubMed and other Chinese and English databases， cohort studies or randomized controlled trial studies on the treatment of advanced NSCLC with platinum- containing double agents in combination with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and bevacizumab （trial group） versus platinum-containing double agents with or without PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor or bevacizumab （control group） were collected from the inception to April 25， 2024. After screening literature， extracting data and evaluating quality， meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed by using RevMan 5.4.1 software. RESULTS A total of 15 pieces of literature were included， involving 13 clinical studies with a total of 3 282 patients. Compared with the control group， partial response rate [RR＝0.75，95%CI（0.68，0.82），P＜0.000 01]， complete response rate [RR＝0.47，95%CI（0.29，0.76），P＝0.002]， progressive disease rate [RR＝1.23，95%CI（1.11，1.37），P＜0.000 1]， objective response rate （ORR） [RR＝0.72，95%CI（0.67，0.79），P＜0.000 01] and disease control rate （DCR） [RR＝0.85， 95%CI （0.77，0.95），P＝0.003] were higher in the trial group. There was no statistically significant difference in the stable disease rate [RR＝1.25， 95%CI （0.86， 1.83）， P＝0.25] or overall adverse drug reaction incidence rate [RR＝0.95， 95%CI （0.90， 1.00）， P＝ 0.07] between the two groups of patients. Sensitivity analyses showed robust and reliable results for all outcome indicators. CONCLUSIONS PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors combined with bevacizumab based on platinum-containing dual therapy in the treatment of advanced NSCLC can improve patients’ clinical benefits， such as ORR and DCR， without increasing the risk of adverse drug reaction.

Objective:Exploring the clinical effects of silicone silver ion foam dressing in managing scalp donor site wounds in burn patients.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of burn patients admitted to the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA from January 2020 to January 2023. Patients underwent intraoperative harvesting of split-thickness skin grafting to repair deep burn wounds, with the denuded scalp area covered by either silicone silver ion foam dressing (Group A) or petrolatum gauze (Group B). Comparison of the following 5 parameters between the two groups: (1) Postoperative wound healing time. (2) Initial dressing change pain score was assessed using the numeric rating scale (NRS). 0 points indicated no pain, 1-3 points indicated mild pain, 4-6 points indicated moderate pain, and 7-10 points indicated severe pain. (3) Number of dressing changes. (4) Secondary trauma score, with a total score ranging from 1 to 3, where a higher score indicates more severe trauma. (5) Proportion of wounds healed to grade A (number of grade A healed cases/total number of cases in each group×100%). Depending on the data type, between-group comparisons were performed using t-test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, or chi-square test. P<0.05 was considered a statistically significant difference. Results:A total of 60 patients, with 30 in each Group A and Group B, were included in the study. Group A was comprised of 18 males and 12 females, with an average age of (29.4±16.6) years. The burn area was (21.43±5.66)% of the total body surface area (TBSA), and the area of skin taken from the scalp was (1.80±0.61)% of TBSA. Group B was comprised of 20 males and 10 females, with an average age of (30.2±16.2) years. The burn area was (21.37±5.67)% of TBSA, and the area of skin taken from the scalp was (1.78±0.63)% of TBSA. No statistically significant differences were observed in gender distribution, age, burn area, and scalp area between the two groups( P>0.05). The wound healing time in the denuded scalp area was shorter in Group A than in Group B [(5.97±0.41) days vs. (6.93±0.58) days, t=-7.40, P<0.001]. The initial NRS pain score during dressing change was lower in Group A than in Group B [3.0 (2.0, 4.0) points vs. 5.5 (4.0, 6.0) points, Z=-4.82, P<0.001]. Group A had fewer frequency of dressing changes compared to Group B [2 (2, 2) vs. 4 (3, 5), Z=-6.64, P<0.001]. The secondary injury score was lower in Group A than in Group B [1 (1, 1) points vs. 3 (3, 3) points, Z=-7.08, P<0.001]. The proportion of grade A healing was 96.7% (29/30) in Group A and 90.0% (27/30) in Group B, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=0.27, P=0.605). Conclusion:The application of silicone silver ion foam dressing to cover the denuded scalp area of burn patients significantly improves therapeutic efficacy compared to petrolatum gauze. It can shorten wound healing time, reduce the frequency of dressing changes, alleviate pain, minimize the occurrence of secondary injuries, and enhance patient comfort.

Objective:Exploring the clinical effects of silicone silver ion foam dressing in managing scalp donor site wounds in burn patients.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of burn patients admitted to the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA from January 2020 to January 2023. Patients underwent intraoperative harvesting of split-thickness skin grafting to repair deep burn wounds, with the denuded scalp area covered by either silicone silver ion foam dressing (Group A) or petrolatum gauze (Group B). Comparison of the following 5 parameters between the two groups: (1) Postoperative wound healing time. (2) Initial dressing change pain score was assessed using the numeric rating scale (NRS). 0 points indicated no pain, 1-3 points indicated mild pain, 4-6 points indicated moderate pain, and 7-10 points indicated severe pain. (3) Number of dressing changes. (4) Secondary trauma score, with a total score ranging from 1 to 3, where a higher score indicates more severe trauma. (5) Proportion of wounds healed to grade A (number of grade A healed cases/total number of cases in each group×100%). Depending on the data type, between-group comparisons were performed using t-test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, or chi-square test. P<0.05 was considered a statistically significant difference. Results:A total of 60 patients, with 30 in each Group A and Group B, were included in the study. Group A was comprised of 18 males and 12 females, with an average age of (29.4±16.6) years. The burn area was (21.43±5.66)% of the total body surface area (TBSA), and the area of skin taken from the scalp was (1.80±0.61)% of TBSA. Group B was comprised of 20 males and 10 females, with an average age of (30.2±16.2) years. The burn area was (21.37±5.67)% of TBSA, and the area of skin taken from the scalp was (1.78±0.63)% of TBSA. No statistically significant differences were observed in gender distribution, age, burn area, and scalp area between the two groups( P>0.05). The wound healing time in the denuded scalp area was shorter in Group A than in Group B [(5.97±0.41) days vs. (6.93±0.58) days, t=-7.40, P<0.001]. The initial NRS pain score during dressing change was lower in Group A than in Group B [3.0 (2.0, 4.0) points vs. 5.5 (4.0, 6.0) points, Z=-4.82, P<0.001]. Group A had fewer frequency of dressing changes compared to Group B [2 (2, 2) vs. 4 (3, 5), Z=-6.64, P<0.001]. The secondary injury score was lower in Group A than in Group B [1 (1, 1) points vs. 3 (3, 3) points, Z=-7.08, P<0.001]. The proportion of grade A healing was 96.7% (29/30) in Group A and 90.0% (27/30) in Group B, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=0.27, P=0.605). Conclusion:The application of silicone silver ion foam dressing to cover the denuded scalp area of burn patients significantly improves therapeutic efficacy compared to petrolatum gauze. It can shorten wound healing time, reduce the frequency of dressing changes, alleviate pain, minimize the occurrence of secondary injuries, and enhance patient comfort.

OBJECTIVE To explore the antidepressant effect and potential mechanism of icariside Ⅱ （ICSⅡ） based on the GABAergic nervous system. METHODS The male Kunming mice were randomly divided into a control group （group C， 10 mice） and a modeling group （50 mice）. The depression model was induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress （CUMS） method in the modeling group. After 21 days of stimulation， the rats of modeling group were randomly divided into depression model group （NS group）， positive control group [ECS group， oxalate escitalopram 15 mg/（kg·d）] and ICSⅡ low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups [ICSⅡ-L group， ICSⅡ-M group， ICSⅡ-H group； ICSⅡ 10， 20， 30 mg/（kg·d）]， with 10 mice in each group. Administration groups were given relevant medicine intragastrically， once a day， for 14 consecutive days. The sugar water preference rate， total exercise distance， immobility time in tail suspension and forced swimming experiments were detected in each group. The morphology of neurons and Nissl bodies in the hippocampal CA3 region were observed； the contents of γ-aminobutyric acid （GABA） and glutamic acid （Glu）， GABA/Glu ratio， and the expressions of GABAergic nervous system-related proteins （GABA A receptor α1， GABA B receptor 1， vesicular GABA transporter， glutamate decarboxylase 67， GABA membranal transporter 3） were detected in hippocampus. RESULTS Compared with group C， the sugar water preference rate and the total exercise distance significantly reduced in NS group， while the values of immobility time in the tail suspension test and forced swimming test were significantly prolonged （P＜0.05）. The morphology of neurons in the CA3 area of the hippocampus was irregular and the Nissl bodies were reduced， with a significant decrease in the number of structurally intact neurons （P＜0.05）； the content of Glu was significantly increased， while the content of GABA， GABA/Glu ratio， and the expressions of GABAergic nervous system-related proteins were significantly decreased （P＜0.05）. Compared with NS group， depression behavior in each administration group was improved， and the above indexes were mostly reversed （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ICSⅡ can improve depression behavior of depression model mice. The mechanisms may be associated with regulating the balance of GABA and Glu， increasing the synthesis， transport and release of GABA， and regulating the expressions of GABA-related receptors， so as to improve GABAergic nervous system.

Objective:To explore the application process, efficacy and safety of MR-guided radiotherapy based on MR-linac in esophageal cancer.Methods:The clinical data of patients with esophageal cancer treated with MR-linac at Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute from September 2021 to July 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, to investigate the treatment process of esophageal cancer with MR-linac, and to analyze the efficacy and safety of patients. All patients received MR-guided radiotherapy, underwent CT and MR localization, target area delineation, and design of the Monaco treatment planning system plan. Adaptation-to-position adjustment was conducted during the pre-treatment evaluation. The median number of fractions was 25, the median single dose of planning target volume was 1.8 Gy, and the median total dose was 50.2 Gy. Median follow-up was 16 months.Results:Among the 12 patients in the whole group, there were 1 case of cervical esophageal cancer, 3 cases of upper thoracic esophageal cancer, 4 cases of middle thoracic esophageal cancer and 4 cases of lower thoracic esophageal cancer, including 3 cases of neoadjuvant radiotherapy and 9 cases of radical radiotherapy. All patients had a smooth treatment process. The median treatment time was 33 min, and the patients had good compliance. For patients with radical radiotherapy, one month after radiotherapy, the number of objective remission cases was 3, and the number of disease-control cases was 9; six months after radiotherapy, the number of objective remission cases was 3, and the number of disease-control cases was 6. All patients treated with neoadjuvant radiotherapy underwent surgery within 2 months, and one patient achieved pathological complete remission. The most common acute adverse reactions were radiation esophagitis (7 cases) and leukopenia in bone marrow suppression (8 cases), with late-stage adverse reactions being radiation pneumonia (1 case). The adverse reactions to radiotherapy were slight, and no grade 4 or above adverse reactions were observed.Conclusion:The clinical treatment process for esophageal cancer under MR-guided radiotherapy based on MR-linac is feasible, with good curative effects and mild adverse reactions.

Objectives:To verify the reliability and validity of the frailty assessment scale for elderly patients with inguinal hernia and to evaluate the value of its clinical application.Methods:A convenience sampling method was used to collect 129 geriatric patients who underwent inguinal hernia surgery from January 2018 to January 2023 in nine hospitals in Liaoning Province. There were 120 males and 9 females, of whom 89 patients were 60 to <75 years old, 33 patients were 75 to <85 years old and 7 patients were ≥85 years old. The 129 patients included 11 elderly patients with inguinal hernia who had recovered from preoperative infection with COVID-19. Statistical methods such as Cronbach′s coefficient, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test, Bartlett′s test, Pearson′s correlation analysis, etc. were calculated to verify the reliability indexes such as feasibility, content validity, structural validity, criterion-related validity, internal consistency reliability, and re-test reliability. Taking the 5-item modified frailty index (5-mFI) as the gold standard, the area under the curve was used to analyze the ability of the two scales to predict the occurrence of postoperative acute urinary retention, postoperative delirium, poor incision healing, operative hematoma seroma, and postoperative complications.Results:The frailty assessment scale for elderly patients with inguinal hernia showed good reliability and validity (valid completion rate of 99.2%; item content validity index of 1.000, and the scale content validity index of 1.000; exploratory factor analysis extracted a total of 1 principal component, and factor loadings of each item of 0.565 to 0.873; the AUC for frailty diagnosis using 5-mFI as the gold standard of 0.795 ( P<0.01) Cronbach′s coefficient of 0.916, retest reliability coefficient of 0.926), it could effectively predict postoperative acute urinary retention, delirium, hematoma seroma in the operative area and total complications (AUC of 0.746, 0.870, 0.806, and 0.738, respectively; all P<0.05), and prediction efficiency was higher than that of 5-mFI (AUC of 0.694, 0.838, 0.626 and 0.641, P<0.05 for delirium only), but both scales were inaccurate in predicting poor incision healing (AUC of 0.519, P=0.913 for the frailty assessment scale and 0.455, P=0.791 for the 5-mFI). Conclusions:The frailty assessment scale for elderly patients with inguinal hernia is reliable and significantly predicts the occurrence of postoperative adverse events in elderly inguinal hernia patients. The scale can also be used for preoperative frailty assessment in elderly patients with inguinal hernia after rehabilitation from COVID-19 infection.

Objectives:To verify the reliability and validity of the frailty assessment scale for elderly patients with inguinal hernia and to evaluate the value of its clinical application.Methods:A convenience sampling method was used to collect 129 geriatric patients who underwent inguinal hernia surgery from January 2018 to January 2023 in nine hospitals in Liaoning Province. There were 120 males and 9 females, of whom 89 patients were 60 to <75 years old, 33 patients were 75 to <85 years old and 7 patients were ≥85 years old. The 129 patients included 11 elderly patients with inguinal hernia who had recovered from preoperative infection with COVID-19. Statistical methods such as Cronbach′s coefficient, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test, Bartlett′s test, Pearson′s correlation analysis, etc. were calculated to verify the reliability indexes such as feasibility, content validity, structural validity, criterion-related validity, internal consistency reliability, and re-test reliability. Taking the 5-item modified frailty index (5-mFI) as the gold standard, the area under the curve was used to analyze the ability of the two scales to predict the occurrence of postoperative acute urinary retention, postoperative delirium, poor incision healing, operative hematoma seroma, and postoperative complications.Results:The frailty assessment scale for elderly patients with inguinal hernia showed good reliability and validity (valid completion rate of 99.2%; item content validity index of 1.000, and the scale content validity index of 1.000; exploratory factor analysis extracted a total of 1 principal component, and factor loadings of each item of 0.565 to 0.873; the AUC for frailty diagnosis using 5-mFI as the gold standard of 0.795 ( P<0.01) Cronbach′s coefficient of 0.916, retest reliability coefficient of 0.926), it could effectively predict postoperative acute urinary retention, delirium, hematoma seroma in the operative area and total complications (AUC of 0.746, 0.870, 0.806, and 0.738, respectively; all P<0.05), and prediction efficiency was higher than that of 5-mFI (AUC of 0.694, 0.838, 0.626 and 0.641, P<0.05 for delirium only), but both scales were inaccurate in predicting poor incision healing (AUC of 0.519, P=0.913 for the frailty assessment scale and 0.455, P=0.791 for the 5-mFI). Conclusions:The frailty assessment scale for elderly patients with inguinal hernia is reliable and significantly predicts the occurrence of postoperative adverse events in elderly inguinal hernia patients. The scale can also be used for preoperative frailty assessment in elderly patients with inguinal hernia after rehabilitation from COVID-19 infection.

Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibitors have been widely used and proven to be effective in the treatment of various inflammatory disorders in recent years, but there is a noteworthy and paradoxical adverse drug reaction that cannot be ignored, that is, TNF-α inhibitor-induced psoriasis. Its pathological manifestations could be psoriasiform or spongiotic changes, and its pathogenesis may be related to the imbalance between TNF-α and type Ⅰinterferon, the involvement of interleukin-23/T helper 17 axis, or infection. This review elaborates the epidemiological, histopathological features and possible pathogenesis of TNF-α inhibitor-induced psoriasis, and provides a basis for recognition and treatment of TNF-α inhibitor-induced psoriasis.