With the rapid increase of MRI systems in hospitals in China,national multi-sectoral strategies have been put forward to clarify requirements for improving image quality of MRI systems and preventing application risks in clinic.Quality control of MRI systems becomes an important task for regulators as well as hospital radiology departments.The tools used for quality control include imaging performance phantom and specialized function phantom,which can realize detection or calibration for parameters such as high contrast resolution,image uniformity and relaxation time.This article mainly reviews the research progress of the operation principles,common types and clinical applications for these two types of phantoms mentioned above.

Purpose To explore the feasibility and practical value of using National Institute of Metrology(NIM)calorimetry method to measure whole-body specific absorption rate(SAR)values of in-service MRI equipment.Materials and Methods A NIM calorimetry device for measuring whole-body SAR values was developed,SAR values of different MRI devices were measured by NIM calorimetry,and compared with National Electrical Manufacturers Association(NEMA)calorimetry and pulse-energy method to verify the measurement accuracy and applicability of the NIM calorimetry method.Results The NIM calorimetry device developed in this study had reliable performance,and the experimental results indicated the difference in measurement results between NIM calorimetry(1.63 W/kg)and NEMA calorimetry(1.80 W/kg)was within 10%.The difference between the SAR measurement results of multiple MRI devices based on NIM calorimetry(0.46,0.93,0.61 W/kg)and the pulse energy method(0.42,0.89,0.56 W/kg)was within 10%.Conclusion The NIM calorimetry method in this study can accurately measure whole-body SAR values and has applicability.

With the rapid increase of MRI systems in hospitals in China,national multi-sectoral strategies have been put forward to clarify requirements for improving image quality of MRI systems and preventing application risks in clinic.Quality control of MRI systems becomes an important task for regulators as well as hospital radiology departments.The tools used for quality control include imaging performance phantom and specialized function phantom,which can realize detection or calibration for parameters such as high contrast resolution,image uniformity and relaxation time.This article mainly reviews the research progress of the operation principles,common types and clinical applications for these two types of phantoms mentioned above.

Purpose To explore the feasibility and practical value of using National Institute of Metrology(NIM)calorimetry method to measure whole-body specific absorption rate(SAR)values of in-service MRI equipment.Materials and Methods A NIM calorimetry device for measuring whole-body SAR values was developed,SAR values of different MRI devices were measured by NIM calorimetry,and compared with National Electrical Manufacturers Association(NEMA)calorimetry and pulse-energy method to verify the measurement accuracy and applicability of the NIM calorimetry method.Results The NIM calorimetry device developed in this study had reliable performance,and the experimental results indicated the difference in measurement results between NIM calorimetry(1.63 W/kg)and NEMA calorimetry(1.80 W/kg)was within 10%.The difference between the SAR measurement results of multiple MRI devices based on NIM calorimetry(0.46,0.93,0.61 W/kg)and the pulse energy method(0.42,0.89,0.56 W/kg)was within 10%.Conclusion The NIM calorimetry method in this study can accurately measure whole-body SAR values and has applicability.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical features of patients with hepatolenticular degeneration （HLD） aged above 35 years. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of the patients with HLD， aged above 35 years， who attended West China School of Public Health， Sichuan University， from April 2018 to April 2023， and according to their clinical symptoms， they were divided into mixed type group with 13 patients， liver type group with 12 patients， and brain type group with 5 patients. Related data were collected， including general information （sex， clinical manifestation， age at confirmed diagnosis， time from initial symptoms to confirmed diagnosis， and family history）， laboratory examination （routine blood test， liver and renal function， serum copper， serum ceruloplasmin， urinary copper， and coagulation function）， and radiological examination. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between multiple groups， and the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between multiple groups； the Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. ResultsFor the 30 patients with HLD， the male/female ratio was 3∶1， and the mean age was 46.13±5.88 years； the patients with positive Kayser-Fleischer ring of the cornea accounted for 43.33%， and the patients with liver cirrhosis accounted for 66.67%. There were significant differences between the three groups in globulin， albumin/globulin ratio， alanine aminotransferase， prothrombin time， international normalized ratio， and activated partial thromboplastin time （F=5.893， 4.513， 4.424， 5.029， 5.248， and 4.942， all P<0.05）. ConclusionMost patients are male among the patients diagnosed with HLD after 35 years of age， with the main clinical types of mixed type and liver type， and such patients tend to have poor liver and coagulation functions. For unexplained liver function abnormalities and liver cirrhosis in this age group， the indicators such as serum ceruloplasmin and urinary copper should be screened as early as possible， and liver and kidney function and coagulation function should be monitored.

Objective: To establish a set of rules for autoverification of blood analysis, in order to provide a way to validate autoverification rules for different analytical systems, which can ensure the accuracy of test results as well as shorten turnaround time (TAT) of test reports. Methods: A total of 34 629 EDTA-K2 anticoagulated blood samples were collected from multicenter cooperative units including the First Hospital of Jinlin University during January 2017 to November 2017. These samples included: 3 478 cases in Autoverification Establishment Group, including 288 cases for Delta check rules; 5 362 cases in Autoverification Validation Group, including 2 494 cases for Delta check; 25 789 cases in Clinical Application Trial Group. All these samples were analyzed for blood routine tests using Sysmex XN series automatic blood analyzers.Blood smears, staining and microscopic examination were done for each sample; then the clinical information, instrument parameters, test results and microscopic results were summarized; screening and determination of autoverification conditions including parameters and cutoff values were done using statistical analysis. The autoverification rules were input into Sysmex Laboman software and undergone stage Ⅰ validation using simulated data, and stage Ⅱ validation for post-analytical samples successively. True negative, false negative, true positive, false positive, autoverification pass rate and passing accuracy were calculated. Autoverification rules were applied to autoverification blood routine results and missed detection rates were validated, and also data of autoverification pass rate and TAT were obtained. Results: (1)The selected autoverification conditions and cutoff values included 43 rules involving WBC, RBC, PLT, Delta check and abnormal characteristics. (2)Validation of 3 190 cases in Autoverification Establishment Group showed the false negative rate was 1.94%(62/3 190)(P<0.001), autoverification pass rate was 76.74%, passing accuracy was 97.47%; Validation of 2 868 cases in Autoverification Validation Group, the false negative rate was 3.38%(97/2 868)(P=0.002), autoverification pass rate was 42.26%, passing accuracy was 92.00%; Validation of Delta check on 288 cases in Autoverification Establishment Group and 2 494 cases in Autoverification Validation Group showed the false negative rates were respectively 1.39% and 2.61%(P<0.001). (3)Three hospitals adopted these rules of autoverification for 25 789 blood routine samples, and found that the average TAT of blood routine test reports were shortened by 24min, 32min and 7min respectively, the rate of samples reported within 30min were elevated by 33%, 53% and 7%. The autoverification pass rates were 72%-74%. Conclusions The application of this set of 43 autoverification rules in blood sample analysis can ensure test quality while shortenTAT and improve work efficiency. It is worth pointing out that for the same analytical systems in this research, validation is necessary before application of this set of rules, and periodic validation is required during application to make necessary adjustment; for different analytical systems, as this research provide a way to establish autoverification rules for blood routine tests.Clinical labs may establish their own suitable autoverification rules on the basis of technological parameters. (Chin J Lab Med, 2018, 41: 601-607)

Objective To investigate the incidence of left-sided portal hypertension (LSPH) in chronic pancreatitis (CP) and other accompany conditions of CP and explore the diagnostic value of LSPH in chronic pancreatitis.Methods The clinical,pathological and imaging data of 125 CP patients received at least two imaging examination were retrospectively analyzed.The rates of abnormal pathologic findings,abnormal imaging findings and accompanying LSPH in CP were analyzed.The data were analyzed by chi-square test.Results Among 125 CP patients,29.6％ (37/125) received three or more than three kinds of imaging examinations.The pathological detection rates of pancreatic calcification or lithiasis,pancreatic ductal lesion,abnormal pancreatic morphology,pancreatic lesion and LSPH were 58.4％ (73/125),60.8％ (76/125),35.2％ (44/125),48.8％ (61/125) and 24.8％ (31/125),respectively.The sensitivities of imaging examination in those lesions were 68.5 ％(50/73),96.1％ (73/76),95.5％ (42/44),95.1％ (58/61) and 90.3％ (28/31),respectively.The detection rates of pancreatic calcification or lithiasis and pancreatic ductal lesion in pathological examination were significantly higher than those of the others,and differences were statistically significant (x2=33.764 and 37.932,both P＜0.01).The sensitivity of imaging examination in pancreatic calcification or lithiasis was lower than those of the others and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =36.526,P＜0.01).Among 125 CP patients with 223 pancreatic lesions detected by imaging examination,the rates of patients with 0,1,2,3,4 lesions accounted for pancreatic were 5.6％ (7/125),40.0％ (50/125),28.8％ (36/125),21.6％ (27/125) and 4.0％ (5/125),respectively.Of patients with pancreatic calcification or lithiasis,pancreatic ductal lesions,abnormal pancreatic morphology and pancreatic lesions detected by pathological examination,there were 23.7 ％(17/73),20.0％ (15/76),22.6％ (10/44) and 27.9％ (17/61) cases accompanied with LSPH,there was no difference between these groups (x2 =1.262,P=0.738).Conclusion LSPH may be a reference for CP diagnosis by imaging examination.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the improvement on test performance of UniCel DxH 800 automated hematology analyzer for complete blood count (CBC) by detecting its performance indicators and comparing the differences of the results with LH 750 hematology analyzer and ADVIA 2120 hematology analyzer.MethodsThe precision,carryover and linearity of UniCel DxH 800 in measurement of CBC were evaluated by using fresh blood samples and instrument quality control of products.To evaluate the accuracy of leukocyte differential count and reticulocyte count with the microscopic method as the “gold standard”.To calculate the bias and correlation between the results measured by LH 750,ADVIA 2120 and UniCel DxH 800 hematology analyzers and compare these three instruments on the validity of the alarm in abnormal cells.ResultsIntra-precision:The coefficient of variation (CV) of the results of RBC,Hb and MCV were less than 0.5％,the CV of WBC and PLT results were less than 1.5％.Inter-precision:the CV of the parameters above were less than 2.5％.The carryover rate of WBC,RBC,Hb,MCV and PLT were less than 0.51％.In the concentration range covered by clinical samples,the correlation coefficients between the measured values and theoretical value in testing WBC,RBC,Hb and PLT were greater than 0.999 ( P ＜0.01 ).The measurement results of WBC,RBC,Hb,MCV and PLT hy UniCel DxH 800,ADV1A 2120 and LH 750 hematology analyzers have good correlation (r ＞ 0.973,P ＜ 0.01 ).Correlation of reticulocyte count between the UniCel DxH 800 hematology analyzer and microscolpic method was significant (r =0.920,P ＜0.01 ).Correlation of leukocyte differential count about the grauulocytes, lymphocytes and eosinophils between the UniCel DxH 800 hematology analyzer and microscopic method was good (r =0.914,0.900 and 0.725,P ＜0.01 ),followed by monocytes ( r =0.612,P ＜0.01 ),which were better than the LH 750 with similar detection principle.The UniCel DxH 800 hematology analyzer demonstrated higher sensitivity (96.6％ ) for the alarm of abnormal cells and achieved a lower false-negative rate (2.5％ ).Meanwhile,the sensitivity of the neutrophil nuclei left shift was higher (90.5％ ) and the false-negative rate (5.0％) was lower.ConclusionsThe UniCel DxH 800 hematology analyzer for complete blood count shows advantages of high precision,low carryover rate and wide linear range.The results detected by the UniCel DxH 800 hematology analyzer have good correlation with the LH 750 and ADVIA 2120.

Objective To explore the values of potential clinical application ofsingle tube/ten colorsflow cytometry for leukocyte differential count in peripheral blood.Methods Utilizing multiple monoclonal antibody combinations and the vavious logical gating strategies,the single tube/12 antibodies with no-wash method for the leukocyte differential count in peripheral blood were determined by using 10 colors flow cytometry.Leukocyte differentials of 142 peripheral blood samples were determined by both Beckman-Coulter LH750 hematology analyzer and 10 colors flow cytometry.The results were then compared to standard microscopic examination as a reference method.The clinical diagnostic efficiency ofsingle tube/10 colorsflow cytometry was calculated.The correlations between standard microscopic cytology,single tube/10 colorsflow cytometry and the hematology analyzer were determined.In addition,the clinical diagnosis efficiency for blast counts ofsingle tube/10 colorswere compared to the results determined by BD FACS Calibur flow cytometer.Results The leukocyte differentials were correlated well between the single tube/10 colorsflow cytometry and standard microscopic cytology(r>0.700,P<0.01) except for basophils.The correlations with neutrophilic granulocytes,lymphocytes,immature granulocytes and blasts were superior(r=0.972,0.951,0.801,0.912,respectively,P<0.01).When 1% was selected as the cut-off point for immature granulocytes determined by standard microscopic cytology,the sensitivity and the specificity ofsingle tube/10 colorsflow cytometry were 92%(57/62) and 79% (63/80),respectively.When 0.5% was selected as the cut-off point for blasts detected by standard microscopic cytology,the sensitivity and the specificity were 99% (67/68) and 92% (68/74).Using the immunophenotyping results from BD FACS Calibur as a standard,the sensitivity for detecting blasts bysingle tube/10 colOrsflow cytometry was 100% (40/40),the specificity was 91% (10/11),the positive predictive value was 98% (40/41),the negative predictive value was 100% (10/10) and the accuracy was 98% (50/51).Conclusions Thesingle tube/10 colorsflow cytometry has a excellent correlation with the standard microscopic cytology when applied on leukocyte differential count in peripheral blood.It may potentially use as a subsequent method for verification of abnormal results of complete blood cell count in the future.