Objective:To explore the risk factors for bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) after Mycoplasma pneumoniae bronchiolitis in children. Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 122 children diagnosed with Mycoplasma pneumoniae bronchiolitis in Department No.2 of Respiratory Medicine of Beijing Children′s Hospital, Capital Medical University, from March 2017 to December 2024. Clinical data, including general information, clinical manifestations, imaging findings, laboratory tests, and outcomes, were analyzed. Patients were divided into BO and non-BO groups based on the presence of BO. Differences between groups were assessed using Mann-Whitney U test, χ2 test, or Fisher exact test. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were employed to identify risk factors and evaluate predictive performance. Results:Among 122 children (73 males, 49 females), the age at onset was 5.0 (2.4, 7.1) years. The BO group included 21 patients, and the non-BO group 101. The BO group exhibited significantly longer durations of persistent high fever and higher peak levels of C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, and D-dimer compared to the non-BO group (9 (7, 11) vs. 4 (2, 6) d, 19 (7, 35) vs. 10 (7, 18) mg/L, 438 (337, 498) vs. 315 (274, 351) U/L, 0.36 (0.27, 0.91) vs. 0.21 (0.15, 0.29) mg/L, U=295.00, 743.50, 463.50, 470.50, all P<0.05). The BO group also had higher proportions of resting oxygen saturation <0.95 on room air (100.0% (21/21) vs. 43.6% (44/101)), inspiratory retractions (57.1% (12/21) vs. 18.8% (19/101), χ2=11.53), and adenovirus co-infection (38.1% (8/21) vs. 5.0% (5/101)) (all P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression identified prolonged high fever ( OR=1.83, 95% CI 1.31-2.58, P<0.001), inspiratory retractions ( OR=10.48, 95% CI 1.72-63.85, P=0.011), and adenovirus co-infection ( OR=42.47, 95% CI 4.04-446.87, P=0.002) as independent risk factors for BO. ROC curve analysis revealed that a fever duration cutoff of 7.5 days predicted BO with 0.71 sensitivity and 0.92 specificity. Conclusions:Prolonged high fever (≥7.5 days), inspiratory retractions, and adenovirus co-infection are significant predictors of BO after Mycoplasma pneumoniae bronchiolitis in children, which are helpful for early clinical identification.

Objective:To explore the risk factors for bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) after Mycoplasma pneumoniae bronchiolitis in children. Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 122 children diagnosed with Mycoplasma pneumoniae bronchiolitis in Department No.2 of Respiratory Medicine of Beijing Children′s Hospital, Capital Medical University, from March 2017 to December 2024. Clinical data, including general information, clinical manifestations, imaging findings, laboratory tests, and outcomes, were analyzed. Patients were divided into BO and non-BO groups based on the presence of BO. Differences between groups were assessed using Mann-Whitney U test, χ2 test, or Fisher exact test. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were employed to identify risk factors and evaluate predictive performance. Results:Among 122 children (73 males, 49 females), the age at onset was 5.0 (2.4, 7.1) years. The BO group included 21 patients, and the non-BO group 101. The BO group exhibited significantly longer durations of persistent high fever and higher peak levels of C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, and D-dimer compared to the non-BO group (9 (7, 11) vs. 4 (2, 6) d, 19 (7, 35) vs. 10 (7, 18) mg/L, 438 (337, 498) vs. 315 (274, 351) U/L, 0.36 (0.27, 0.91) vs. 0.21 (0.15, 0.29) mg/L, U=295.00, 743.50, 463.50, 470.50, all P<0.05). The BO group also had higher proportions of resting oxygen saturation <0.95 on room air (100.0% (21/21) vs. 43.6% (44/101)), inspiratory retractions (57.1% (12/21) vs. 18.8% (19/101), χ2=11.53), and adenovirus co-infection (38.1% (8/21) vs. 5.0% (5/101)) (all P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression identified prolonged high fever ( OR=1.83, 95% CI 1.31-2.58, P<0.001), inspiratory retractions ( OR=10.48, 95% CI 1.72-63.85, P=0.011), and adenovirus co-infection ( OR=42.47, 95% CI 4.04-446.87, P=0.002) as independent risk factors for BO. ROC curve analysis revealed that a fever duration cutoff of 7.5 days predicted BO with 0.71 sensitivity and 0.92 specificity. Conclusions:Prolonged high fever (≥7.5 days), inspiratory retractions, and adenovirus co-infection are significant predictors of BO after Mycoplasma pneumoniae bronchiolitis in children, which are helpful for early clinical identification.

In-depth understanding of the clinical diagnosis and treatment practices of various health workers is of great significance for optimizing the allocation of health workforce. In 2023, based on the surveillance platform of National Center for Pediatric Cancer Surveillance(NCPCS), the NCPCS effectively integrated human resources data with clinical diagnosis and treatment data. By clarifying the conceptual and logical structures of the database, a clinical health workforce database was constructed using a distributed relational database. This database adhered to the data quality control principles of uniqueness, integrity, logic, and validity, and implemented scientific and effective data security protection strategies throughout the entire data life cycle. In practical applications, statistical analyses could be conducted on this database from two dimensions: health workforce and diagnosis-treatment processes, assisting relevant departments and hospitals in the refined management of health workforce allocation and promoting discipline construction. As of May 2024, the database had incorporated 931 hospitals, with the number of various health workers exceeding 640 000. The clinical health workforce database provided references for health administrative departments and hospitals at all levels to grasp the clinical practices of various health workers, and to achieve a clinical-demand-oriented allocation of health workforce.

In-depth understanding of the clinical diagnosis and treatment practices of various health workers is of great significance for optimizing the allocation of health workforce. In 2023, based on the surveillance platform of National Center for Pediatric Cancer Surveillance(NCPCS), the NCPCS effectively integrated human resources data with clinical diagnosis and treatment data. By clarifying the conceptual and logical structures of the database, a clinical health workforce database was constructed using a distributed relational database. This database adhered to the data quality control principles of uniqueness, integrity, logic, and validity, and implemented scientific and effective data security protection strategies throughout the entire data life cycle. In practical applications, statistical analyses could be conducted on this database from two dimensions: health workforce and diagnosis-treatment processes, assisting relevant departments and hospitals in the refined management of health workforce allocation and promoting discipline construction. As of May 2024, the database had incorporated 931 hospitals, with the number of various health workers exceeding 640 000. The clinical health workforce database provided references for health administrative departments and hospitals at all levels to grasp the clinical practices of various health workers, and to achieve a clinical-demand-oriented allocation of health workforce.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of childhood infectious diseases in a single center in Beijing City from 2007 to 2021, and to provide scientific basis for the management of infectious diseases in hospitals.Methods:The clinical data of outpatients or inpatients aged<18 years old with infectious diseases recorded in the Nationwide Health Information-based Disease Control and Prevention Information System of Beijing Children′s Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2021 were collected. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the types of infectious diseases, population distribution, time distribution characteristics, as well as the etiological characteristics of major infectious diseases.Results:There were 219 260 cases reported, accounting for 5.73‰(219 260/38 295 800) of the total number of hospital cases, with two peaks of 25 469 and 22 928 cases in 2010 and 2019, respectively. The main category of infectious diseases was class C, accounting for 77.51%(169 947/219 260). According to the classification of transmission routes, fecal-oral transmission infectious diseases were the most common, with 144 712 cases (66.00%), followed by air and droplet transmission infectious diseases with 73 946 cases (33.73%), showing an increasing trend by year. The top five diseases in terms of incidence were hand, foot and mouth disease (114 864 cases), influenza (28 703 cases), varicella (22 190 cases), other infectious diarrheal diseases (21 040 cases) and scarlet fever (11 500 cases). Among the 219 260 children, there were 131 546 males and 87 714 females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.5 to 1. Children aged≤6 years old comprised the majority, with a total of 189 593 cases (86.47%). The peak period of infectious diseases reporting was from May to July. Hand, foot and mouth disease was mainly caused by Coxsackie virus A16(35.02%(1 258/3 592)), while Coxsackie virus A6 had been increasing rapidly since 2017. The main pathogen of influenza was influenza A virus (62.18%(7 400/11 900)), while other infectious diarrhea was mainly caused by rotavirus (87.55%(4 283/4 892)).Conclusions:There is an intermittent outbreak in the incidence of childhood infectious diseases, and air and droplet transmission infectious diseases have shown an upward trend in recent years. Hand, foot and mouth disease, influenza, varicella, other infectious diarrheal diseases and scarlet fever are the main infectious diseases affecting children. Different diseases have the characteristics of age and onset season. The prevention and control of infectious diseases should be updated gradually according to the epidemic trend. Proper protection should be taken during peak seasons and for key populations.

AIM: To investigate the relationship between TRPM3 and diabetes-induced painful peripheral neuropathy. METHODS: Treptozotocin (STZ) was intraperitoneal injected for establishment of diabetic mice model, behavioral tests of paw withdraw thresholds (PWTs) and paw withdraw latencies (PWLs) were conducted; Protein contents and tyrosine phosphorylation levels of TRPM3 were detected by immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting. RESULTS: The PWTs and PWLs in diabetic mice were significantly reduced; TRPM3 tyrosine phosphorylation in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of diabetic mice significantly increased compared with control, while the protein expression shows no statistical significance; Enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of TRPM3 by BPV can evoke heat hyperalgesia in intact mice; Reduce of the tyrosine phosphorylation levels of TRPM3 through PP2 significantly alleviates diabetes-induced heat hyperalgesia, without affecting mechanical allodynia. CONCLUSION: The upregulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of TRPM3 plays a key role in heat related painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Objective:To investigate the status of viral reservoirs in prostate tissue of patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), and to investigate the effect of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) on HIV-1 DNA in prostate tissue of HIV/AIDS patients.Methods:Twelve patients with HIV infection and hyperplasia of prostate who required surgical treatment and admitted to Guangzhou Eighth People′s Hospital from July 2017 to October 2019 were included. Blood and prostate specimens of these patients were collected, and HIV-1 RNA in plasma, CD4 + T lymphocyte count in peripheral blood and HIV-1 DNA level in prostate tissue were tested respectively. The independent sample t test or Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis. Results:Among the 12 patients, the CD4 + T lymphocytes was (519.8±121.5)/μL and HIV-1 DNA in the prostate tissue was 2 602 (365, 10 700) copies/10 6cells in six patients who had not started HAART. The CD4 + T lymphocytes was (182.8±69.7)/μL and the HIV-1 DNA in the prostate tissue was 144 (36, 563) copies/10 6cells in the six patients who underwent HAART for over six months. There were statistically significant differences in CD4 + T lymphocytes and HIV-1 DNA in the prostate tissue between the two groups ( t=-5.889 and Z=-2.082, respectively, both P<0.05). Conclusion:Prostate tissue can be used as an HIV-1 virus repository with or without HAART, and the size of the prostate tissue virus repository can be reduced by HAART after immune reconstitution.

OBJECTIVE：To evaluate therapeutic e fficacy and safety of differen t doses of Secukinumab in the treatment of medium and severe ankylosing spondylitis （AS）， and to provide evidence-based reference for clinical treatment of AS. METHODS： Retrieved from Medline ， PubMed， Cochrane Library， Embase， VIP， CJFD， Wanfang database andpu- ClinicalTrials.gov， during the inception to March 2020， xiaofeng1205@outlook.com randomized controlled trials （RCTs）about different doses of secukinumab （75， 150， 300 mg） versus placebo in the treatment of medium and severe AS were collected. After data extraction of clinical studies met the inclusion criteria ，quality evaluation with Cochrane risk bias evaluation tool 5.1.0，Rev Man 5.3 statistical software was used for Meta-analysis of therapeutic efficacy [in the international society for the evaluation of spondyloarthritis scale ，the proportion of 20％ patients improved （ASAS20）；ASAS40；among 6 routine clinical areas related to AS，the scores of at least 5 areas improved by at least 20％，and there was no patients receiving treatment due to deterioration in other areas （ASAS 5/6）；remission value of Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index （BASDAI）from baseline to 16th week，the proportion of the patients with the international society for the evaluation of ankylosing spondyloarthritis （ASAS PR ） score no higher than 2 in the 4 ASAS fields within the specified time] and safety [the incidence of withdrawal from treatment due to ADR，the incidence of serious ADR ，the incidence of general ADR （nasopharyngitis，headache，diarrhea）]. RESULTS ：A total of 5 RCTs were included ，involving 1 624 patients. Meta-analysis showed that ASAS 20 [total：OR＝2.62，95％CI（2.14，3.20），P＜ 0.000 01；75 mg：OR＝2.63，95％CI（1.28，5.40），P＝0.008；150 mg：OR＝2.58，95％CI（2.01，3.32），P＜0.000 01；300 mg：OR＝2.63，95％CI（1.37，5.06），P＝0.004]，ASAS40 [total：OR＝2.82，95％CI（2.13，3.74），P＜0.000 01；75 mg：OR＝ 3.14，95％CI（1.86，5.31），P＜0.000 1；150 mg：OR＝2.79，95％CI（1.85，4.20），P＜0.000 01；300 mg：OR＝2.73，95％CI （1.33，5.58），P＝0.006]，ASAS5/6 [total：OR＝3.82，95％CI（2.61，5.59），P＜0.000 01；75 mg：OR＝5.59，95％CI（3.29， 9.49），P＜0.000 01；150 mg：OR＝3.45，95％CI（2.08，5.70），P＜0.000 01；300 mg：OR＝3.85，95％CI（1.75，8.47），P＝ 0.000 8]，ASAS PR [total ：OR＝4.69，95％CI（3.07，7.16），P＜0.000 01；75 mg：OR＝5.48，95％CI（2.50，11.99），P＜0.000 1； 150 mg：OR＝3.71，95％CI（2.19，6.29），P＜0.000 01；300 mg：OR＝20.0，95％CI（2.58，155.14），P＝0.004] in trial group was significantly higher than control group ；BASDAI improvement [total ：WMD＝－1.15，95％CI（－1.50，－0.79），P＜0.000 01； 75 mg：WMD＝－1.40，95％CI（－2.08，－0.72），P＜0.000 1；150 mg：WMD＝－1.03，95％CI（－1.52，－0.54），P＜ 0.000 1；300 mg：WMD＝－1.20，95％CI（－2.03，－0.37），P＝0.005] of trial group were significantly higher than those of control group ，with statistical significance. The total incidence of nasopharyngitis in trial group [OR ＝1.77，95％CI（1.22，2.57）， P＝0.003] and 150 mg dose subgroup [OR ＝1.84，95％CI（1.18，2.86），P＝0.007] was significantly higher than control group ， without significant difference in other safety indexes among total and different dose subgroups （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ：75 mg，150 mg and 300 mg of secukinumab are all effective and well tolerated for medium and severe AS patients ，and 150 mg of secukinumab may increase the incidence of nasopharyngitis.

Objective:To make a preliminary application of the assessment system for cancer pain management and find insuffi-ciency in the clinical practice of cancer pain diagnosis and treatment. Methods:Data from 41 doctor questionnaires, 43 nurse question-naires, 50 patient questionnaires, and 12 ward questionnaires from the tumor departments of 3 hospitals were analyzed, and the insuffi-ciency in cancer pain management was determined. The wards in the tumor and non-tumor departments related to oncology were as-sessed using rank test, and differences between the 2 wards were investigated. Results:The average scores of doctor, nurse, and wards were 85.41±5.93, 88.46±5.09 and 83.75±3.11, respectively, whereas patient score was 68.67±7.14. To further analyze the patient subsys-tem by converting into a hundred-mark system, the effectiveness and safety scores for the pain management was 81.69±7.71. However, patients' opinion score on pain treatment was only 55.78±11.37. The score of tumor departments was 82.22±2.03, whereas related non-tumor departments had a score of 39.27 ± 3.58. Wilcoxon W value was at 120.0 with P<0.01 after rank test. Conclusion:Education on patients' opinion on cancer pain management should be promoted in the tumor wards, and continuous education on cancer pain diagno-sis and treatment is needed in the non-tumor departments relative to oncology.

Objective To investigate the clinical outcomes of the medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy with reconstruction of posterior tibial tendon insertion on navicular for the flatfoot related with accessory navicular.Methods From March 2009 to October 2011,13 patients (16 feet) with flatfoot related with accessory navicular received treatment by the medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy with reconstruction of posterior tibial tendon insertion on navicular.There were 4 males and 9 females,with an average age of 41.3 years (range,18-64 years).All patients had obvious valgus calcaneus,the angle of which was 11.3°± 1.4°.According to AOFAS ankle-hindfoot scores,the arch height,calcaneus inclination angle (CI),talocalcaneal angle (TC),talar first metatarsal angle (TMT) on the lateral weight-bearing radiograph of foot,and the talocalcaneal angle (TC),talar first metatarsal angle (TMT) on the AP view of the weight-bearing radiograph of foot,and the heel valgus alignment on axial radiographs of the hindfoot were measured on the X-ray film.Results All patients were followed up for 12 to 31 months,with the average of 16.8 months.Eleven patients (13 feet) felt no pain 6 months after operation,while 2(3 feet) felt pain after long walking.There was no complication,including infection,nerve injury,un-union,and so on.The average AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score improved from 56.4-±6.4 preoperatively to 88.1±2.8 at the last follow-up.Radio graphically,all parameters were statistically significant between pre-operation and the last follow-up,including the arch height,CI,TC,TMT modifying from 3.8±0.3 mm,9.5°±1.1°,47.3°±2.5°,17.6°±1.6° to 12.0±1.1 mm,20.1°±1.5°,32.3°±2.5°,6.8°±1.0° respectively on the lateral weight-bearing view; TC improving from 39.5°±2.3° to 26.2°±2.0°and TMT improving from 15.2°±1.7° to 6.3°±1.0° on the AP weight-bearing view.Conclusion The medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy with reconstruction of posterior tibial tendon insertion on navicular is a good choice for the treatment of flatfoot related with accessory navicular with excellent clinical outcomes.